Digital Commons Network^™

High Prevalence Of Early Childhood Infection By Kshv In A Minority Population In China, Yifei Cao, Veenu Minhas, Xiaohua Tan, Jin Huang, Baodong Wang, Meiyi Zhu, Yuan Gao, Tingting Zhao, Lei Yang, Charles Wood

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

In China, KSHV seroprevalence varies considerably among different regions and ethnicities. But in Xinjiang province, located in the northwestern China, there is a very high seroprevalence of KSHV in adults of Kazak and Ughur ethnicities. However, KSHV prevalence in children and the risk factors associated with the acquisition of infection are currently not known. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of KSHV infection, identify associated socio-economic or behavioral risk factors and the humoral immune response among children in this population. This is a cross-sectional study (N=178) to screen children and their caregivers from Xinjiang for total …

The Occurrence Of M. Bovis Cases In U.S. Cattle, 2001–2011, Katie Portacci, Jason Lombard, Mark Schoenbaum, Kathleen Orloski, Mark Camacho

Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications

The U.S. National Tuberculosis Eradication Program began in 1917 and has made great strides in reducing the prevalence of M. bovis in U.S. cattle. Sporadic cases, however, continue to be identified in beef and dairy herds and, more recently, captive cervid herds. The ultimate goal of eradication requires that disease management strategies adapt to changing risks associated with the transmission of M. bovis. This chapter describes the low level of BTB occurrence in cattle in the United States. Finding the source of infection is challenging due to the chronic nature and latent behavior of BTB in cattle and cervids, the …

Henipavirus Microsphere Immuno-Assays For Detection Of Antibodiesagainst Hendra Virus, Leanne Mcnabb, J. Barr, G. Crameri, S. Juzva, S. Riddell, A. Colling, V. Boyd, C. Broder, L.-F. Wang, R. Lunt

Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences

tHendra and Nipah viruses (HeV and NiV) are closely related zoonotic pathogens of the Paramyxoviridaefamily. Both viruses belong to the Henipavirus genus and cause fatal disease in animals and humans,though only HeV is endemic in Australia. In general and due to the acute nature of the disease, agentdetection by PCR and virus isolation are the primary tools for diagnostic investigations. Assays for thedetection of antibodies against HeV are fit more readily for the purpose of surveillance testing in dis-ease epidemiology and to meet certification requirements in the international movement of horses. Thefirst generation indirect ELISA has been affected by non-specific …

Essential Articles On Collaborative Care Models For The Treatment Of Psychiatric Disorders In Medical Settings: A Publication By The Academy Of Psychosomatic Medicine Research And Evidence-Based Practice Committee, Jeff C. Huffman, Shehzad K. Niazi, James R. Rundell, Michael Sharpe, Wayne J. Katon

Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences

Background: Collaborative care interventions for psychiatric disorders combine several components integrated into the medical setting: (1) systematic psychiatric assessment, (2) use of a non physician care manager to perform longitudinal symptom monitoring, treatment interventions, and care coordination, and (3) specialist-provided stepped-care recommendations. Collaborative care interventions have now been evaluated in a wide spectrum of care settings and offer great promise as a way of increasing quality of patient care, improving health of populations, and reducing health care costs. Methods: A systematic search of PubMedl MEDLINE databases was performed for publications between January 1970 and May 2013 to identify articles describing …

Effects Of Prey Metapopulation Structure On The Viability Of Black-Footed Ferrets In Plague-Impacted Landscapes: A Metamodelling Approach, Kevin Shoemaker, Robert Lacy, Michelle Verant, Barry Brook, Travis Livieri, Philip Miller, Damien Fordman, H. Resit Akcarkaya

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

1. Species interactions have been largely ignored in extinction risk assessment. However, the black-footed ferret Mustela nigripes exemplifies a class of endangered species for which strong species interactions cannot be ignored. This species is an obligate predator of prairie dogs Cynomys spp., and sylvatic plague Yersinia pestis epizootics threaten to undermine recovery efforts by functionally eliminating the prey base. Multispecies ‘metamodelling’ techniques offer new opportunities for exploring population dynamics under strong species interdependencies and disease.

2. To investigate ferret extinction risk in plague-affected landscapes, we simultaneously modelled plague epidemiological processes, prairie dog metapopulation dynamics and ferret demographic responses. Ferret population …

Severe Morbidity And Mortality Risk From Malaria In The United States, 1985–2011, Jimee Hwang, Karen A. Cullen, S. Patrick Kachur, Paul M. Arguin, J. Kevin Baird

United States Public Health Resources

Background. Recent reports of Plasmodium vivax associated with severe syndromes and mortality from malaria endemic areas questions the “benign” course of non-falciparum malarias.

Methods. We retrospectively analyzed data from patients reported to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention with a diagnosis of malaria parasite single-species infection between 1985 and 2011. Patients classified as having severe illness were further classified according to outcome (survival versus death) and clinical syndrome.

Results. Among all cases, .9% of Plasmodium falciparum cases resulted in death and 9.3% were classified as severe, whereas .09% of P. vivax cases resulted in death and 1.3% were …

Caregiver Behavior Change For Child Survival And Development In Low- And Middle-Income Countries: An Examination Of The Evidence, John P. Elder, Willo Pequegnat, Saifuddin Ahmed, Gretchen Bachman, Merry Bullock, Waldemar A. Carlo, Venkatrama Chandra- Mouli, Nathan A. Fox, Sara Harkness, Gillian Huebner, Joan Lombardi, Velma Mcbride Murry, Allisyn Moran, Maureen Norton, Jennifer Mulik, Will Parks, Helen Raikes, Joseph Smyser, Caroline Sugg, Michael Sweat

United States Public Health Resources

In June of 2012, representatives from more than 80 countries promulgated a Child Survival Call to Action, which called for reducing child mortality to 20 or fewer child deaths per 1,000 live births in every country by 2035. To address the problem of ending preventable child deaths, the U.S. Agency for International Development and the United Nations Children’s Fund convened, on June 3–4, 2013, an Evidence Summit on Enhancing Child Survival and Development in Lower- and Middle-Income Countries by Achieving Population-Level Behavior Change. Six evidence review teams were established on different topics related to child survival and healthy development to …

Impaired Hcv Clearance In Hiv/Hcv Coinfected Subjects Treated With Pegifn And Rbv Due To Interference Of Ifn Signaling By Ifnαr2a, Yu Jin Lee, Xiaozhen Zhang, Estefania Vazquez, Gayathri Shivasabesan, Howard A. Young, Alison Murphy, Honghui Wang, Anthony F. Suffredini, Ulrich Siebenlist, Shyam Kottilil

United States Public Health Resources

Enhanced endogenous interferon (IFN) stimulated gene (ISG) signature has been associated with nonresponsiveness to hepatitis C treatment using pegylated-IFNα (pegIFNα) and ribavirin (RBV) in human immunodeficiency virus/hepatitis C virus (HIV/HCV) coinfected patients. Using a proteomic approach, we identified high levels of IFNα receptor 2a (IFNαR2a) in the serum of null responders to pegIFNα/RBV. IFNαR2a inhibited antiviral activity of all formulations of IFNα in JFH/Huh7.5 cells. Furthermore, serum from null responders, but not from those who achieved sustained virologic response, suppressed IFN-signaling and ISG expression in IFNα-stimulated PBMCs of healthy donors in an IFNαR2a specific fashion. An IFNαR2a transgenic mice model …

Detection Of Five Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia Coli Genes With Multiplex Pcr, Insook Son, Rachel Binet, Anna Maounounen-Laasri, Andrew Lin, Thomas S. Hammack, Julie A. Kase

United States Public Health Resources

Escherichia coli serogroup O157 is the pathogen most commonly associated with foodborne disease outbreaks, but epidemiological studies suggest that non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) is a major player as well. The ten most clinically relevant STECs belong to serogroups O26, O103, O111, O145, O157, O91, O113, O128, O45, and O121; but emerging strains, such as O104:H4 that was identified with the 2011 German outbreak, could become more prevalent in the future. A 75-min conventional multiplex PCR assay, IS-5P, targeting the four virulence factors stx1, stx2, eae, and ehxA plus the O157:H7- specific +93 uidA single nucleotide …

Type I Interferon Responses In Rhesus Macaques Prevent Siv Infection And Slow Disease Progression, Netanya G. Sandler, Steven E. Bosinger, Jacob D. Estes, Richard T. R. Zhu, Gregory K. Tharp, Eli Boritz, Doron Levin, Sathi Wijeyesinghe, Krystelle Nganou Makamdop, Gregory D. Del Prete, Brenna J. Hill, J. Katherina Timmer, Emma Reiss, Ganit Yarden, Samuel Darko, Eduardo Contijoch, John Paul Todd, Guido Silvestri, Martha Nason, Robert B. Norgren Jr., Brandon F. Keele, Srinivas Rao, Jerome A. Langer, Jeffrey D. Lifson, Gideon Schreiber, Daniel C. Douek

United States Public Health Resources

Inflammation in HIV infection is predictive of non-AIDSmorbidity and death¹, higher set point plasma virus load² and virus acquisition³; thus, therapeutic agents are in development to reduce its causes and consequences. However, inflammation may simultaneously confer both detrimental and beneficial effects. This dichotomy is particularly applicable to type I interferons (IFN-I) which, while contributing to innate control of infection^4–10, also provide target cells for the virus during acute infection, impairCD4T-cell recovery, and are associated with disease progression^6,7,11–19.Herewe manipulated IFN-I signalling in rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) during simian immunodeficiency virus …

Antifibrotic Therapy In Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Infection Preserves Cd4+ T-Cell Populations And Improves Immune Reconstitution With Antiretroviral Therapy, Jacob D. Estes, Cavan Reilly, Charles M. Trubey, Courtney V. Fletcher, Theodore J. Cory, Michael Piatak Jr., Samuel Russ, Jodi Anderson, Thomas G. Reimann, Robert Star, Anthony Smith, Russell P. Tracy, Anna Berglund, Thomas Schmidt, Vicky Coalter, Elena Chertova, Jeremy Smedley, Ashley T. Haase, Jeffrey D. Lifson, Timothy W. Schacker

United States Public Health Resources

Even with prolonged antiretroviral therapy (ART), many human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals have CD4⁺ T cells/μL, and CD4⁺ T cells in lymphoid tissues remain severely depleted, due in part to fibrosis of the paracortical T-cell zone (TZ) that impairs homeostatic mechanisms required for T-cell survival.We therefore used antifibrotic therapy in simian immunodeficiency virus-infected rhesus macaques to determine whether decreased TZ fibrosis would improve reconstitution of peripheral and lymphoid CD4⁺ T cells. Treatment with the antifibrotic drug pirfenidone preserved TZ architecture and was associated with significantly larger populations of CD4⁺ T cells in peripheral blood and lymphoid tissues. …

Molecular Epidemiology Of Infant Botulism In California And Elsewhere, 1976–2010, Haydee A. Dabritz, Karen K. Hill, Jason R. Barash, Lawrence O. Ticknor, Charles H. Helma, Nir Dover, Jessica R. Payne, Stephen S. Arnon

United States Public Health Resources

Background. Infant botulism (IB), first identified in California in 1976, results from Clostridium botulinum spores that germinate, multiply, and produce botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) in the immature intestine. From 1976 to 2010 we created an archive of 1090 BoNT-producing isolates consisting of 1012 IB patient (10 outpatient, 985 hospitalized, 17 sudden death), 25 food, 18 dust/soils, and 35 other strains. Methods. The mouse neutralization assay determined isolate toxin type (56% BoNT/A, 32% BoNT/B). Amplified fragment-length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis of the isolates was combined with epidemiologic information. Results. The AFLP dendrogram, the largest to date, contained 154 clades; 52% of isolates …

Influenza-Like Illness, The Time To Seek Healthcare, And Influenza Antiviral Receipt During The 2010–2011 Influenza Season— United States, Matthew Biggerstaff, Michael A. Jhung, Carrie Reed, Alicia M. Fry, Lina Balluz, Lyn Finelli

United States Public Health Resources

Background. Few data exist describing healthcare-seeking behaviors among persons with influenza-like illness (ILI) or adherence to influenza antiviral treatment recommendations. Methods. We analyzed adult responses to the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System in 31 states and the District of Columbia (DC) and pediatric responses in 25 states and DC for January–April 2011 by demographics and underlying health conditions. Results. Among 75 088 adult and 15 649 child respondents, 8.9% and 33.9%, respectively, reported ILI. ILI was more frequent among adults with asthma (16%), chronic obstruction pulmonary disease (COPD; 26%), diabetes (12%), heart disease (19%), kidney disease (16%), or obesity (11%). …

Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity And Hepatitis B Vaccine Responses, In Vivo Markers Of Cellular And Humoral Immune Function, And The Risk Of Aids Or Death, Shane B. Patterson, Michael L. Landrum, Jason F. Okulicz

Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences

Background: Delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) test responsiveness is associated with HIV disease progression; however it is unknown whether other immune markers, such as hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccine seroresponse, also predict HIV outcomes. Methods: Eligible participants received HBV vaccine after HIV diagnosis, had non-anergic DTH testing at the time of last HBV vaccination, and available post-vaccine HBV antibody responses. The risk of progression to AIDS or death from the time of last HBV vaccination was evaluated. Results: Of 369 eligible participants with non-anergic DTH responses, 148 (40%) were HBV vaccine responders. In a multivariate model adjusted for age, CD4 count, …

The Current State Of Drug Discovery And A Potential Role For Nmr Metabolomics, Robert Powers

Robert Powers Publications

The pharmaceutical industry has significantly contributed to improving human health. Drugs have been attributed to both increasing life expectancy and decreasing health care costs. Unfortunately, there has been a recent decline in the creativity and productivity of the pharmaceutical industry. This is a complex issue with many contributing factors resulting from the numerous mergers, increase in out-sourcing, and the heavy dependency on highthroughput screening (HTS). While a simple solution to such a complex problem is unrealistic and highly unlikely, the inclusion of metabolomics as a routine component of the drug discovery process may provide some solutions to these problems. Specifically, …

Metabolomics Analysis Identifies D-Alanine-D-Alanine Ligase As The Primary Lethal Target Of D-Cycloserine In Mycobacteria, Steven M. Halouska, Robert J. Fenton, Denise K. Zinniel, Darrell D. Marshall, Raul G. Barletta, Robert Powers

Robert Powers Publications

D-cycloserine is an effective second line antibiotic used as a last resort to treat multi (MDR)- and extensively (XDR)- drug resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. D-cycloserine interferes with the formation of peptidoglycan biosynthesis by competitive inhibition of Alanine racemase (Alr) and D-Alanine-D-alanine ligase (Ddl). Although, the two enzymes are known to be inhibited, the in vivo lethal target is still unknown. Our NMR metabolomics work has revealed that Ddl is the primary target of DCS, as cell growth is inhibited when the production of D-alanyl-Dalanine is halted. It is shown that inhibition of Alr may contribute indirectly by lowering …

Bolivian Ectoparasites: A Survey Of The Fleas Of Ctenomys (Rodentia: Ctenomyidae), Elisa Pucu De Araujo, Scott L. Gardner, Marcela Lareschi

Papers in Parasitology

We present the results of a multiyear survey of the fleas from ctenomyid rodents across many different habitats from throughout Bolivia. New species records for Bolivia include Tiamastus palpalis and Ectinorus (Panallius) galeanus. New records of fleas from Ctenomys in Bolivia include Gephyropsylla klagesi, Sphinctopsylla inca, and Tetrapsyllus tristis.

Effects Of Virus On Plant Fecundity And Population Dynamics, Holly R. Prendeville, Brigitte Tenhumberg, Diana Pilson

Brigitte Tenhumberg Papers

Microorganisms are ubiquitous and thought to regulate host populations. Although microorganisms can be pathogenic and affect components of fitness, few studies have examined their effects on wild plant populations. As individual traits might not contribute equally to changes in population growth rate, it is essential to examine the entire life cycle to determine how microorganisms affect host population dynamics. In this study, we used data from common garden experiments with plants from three Cucurbita pepo populations exposed to three virus treatments. These data were used to parameterize a deterministic matrix model, which allowed us to estimate the effect of virus …

Construction Of A Live-Attenuated Hiv-1 Vaccine Through Genetic Code Expansion, Nanxi Wang, Yue Li, Wei Niu, Ming Sun, Ronald Cerny, Qingsheng Li, Jiantao Guo

Qingsheng Li Publications

A safe and effective vaccine against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is urgently needed to combat the worldwide AIDS pandemic, but still remains elusive. The fact that uncontrolled replication of an attenuated vaccine can lead to regaining of its virulence creates safety concerns precluding many vaccines from clinical application. We introduce a novel approach to control HIV-1 replication, which entails the manipulation of essential HIV-1 protein biosynthesis through unnatural amino acid (UAA*)-mediated suppression of genome-encoded blank codon. We successfully demonstrate that HIV-1 replication can be precisely turned on and off in vitro.

Includes supporting information.

Evolution Of Puma Lentivirus In Bobcats (Lynx Rufus) And Mountain Lions (Puma Concolor) In North America, Justin S. Lee, Sarah N. Bevins, Laurel E. K. Serleys, Winston Vickers, Ken A. Logan, Mat Aldredge, Erin E. Boydston, Lisa M. Lyren, Roy Mcbride, Melody Roelke-Parker, Jill Pecon-Slattery, Jennifer L. Troyer, Seth P. Riley, Walter M. Boyce, Kevin R. Crooks, Sue Vandewoude

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Mountain lions (Puma concolor) throughout North and South America are infected with puma lentivirus clade B (PLVB). A second, highly divergent lentiviral clade, PLVA, infects mountain lions in southern California and Florida. Bobcats (Lynx rufus) in these two geographic regions are also infected with PLVA, and to date, this is the only strain of lentivirus identified in bobcats. We sequenced full-length PLV genomes in order to characterize the molecular evolution of PLV in bobcats and mountain lions. Low sequence homology (88% average pairwise identity) and frequent recombination (1 recombination breakpoint per 3 isolates analyzed) were observed …

Avian Paramyxovirus Serotype 1 (Newcastle Disease Virus), Avian Influenza Virus, And Salmonella Spp. In Mute Swans (Cygnus Olor) In The Great Lakes Region And Atlantic Coast Of The United States, Kerri Pedersen, David R. Marks, Dustin M. Arsnoe, Claudio L. Afonso, Sarah N. Bevins, Patti J. Miller, Adam R. Randall, Thomas J. Deliberto

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Since their introduction to the United States in the late 19th century, mute swans (Cygnus olor) have become a nuisance species by causing damage to aquatic habitats, acting aggressively toward humans, competing with native waterfowl, and potentially transmitting or serving as a reservoir of infectious diseases to humans and poultry. In an effort to investigate their potential role as a disease reservoir and to establish avian health baselines for pathogens that threaten agricultural species or human health, we collected samples from 858 mute swans and tested them for avian paramyxovirus serotype 1 (APMV-1), avian influenza virus (AIV), and Salmonella spp. …

Sex, Science, And The Age Of Anxiety, Linda C. Fentiman

Nebraska Law Review

This Article examines the question of whether the HPV vaccine should be mandated (for girls and/or boys) in the context of declining rates of childhood immunization and the potential threat to public health that this decline poses.20 The Article addresses two interconnected legal issues: first, whether mandating vaccines to prevent the spread of disease is constitutional under substantive due process and equal protection principles, and second, whether parents should be permitted to “opt out” of mandatory vaccination on their children’s behalf, either for all vaccines or those which prevent particular diseases. The Article addresses these issues in the context of …

Genetic Variation And Possible Mechanisms Driving The Evolution Of Worldwide Fig Mosaic Virus Isolates, Jeewan Jyot Walia, Anouk Willemsen, Eminur Elci, Kadriye Caglayan, Bryce W. Falk, Luis Rubio

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Fig mosaic virus (FMV) is a multipartite negative-sense RNA virus infecting fig trees worldwide. FMV is transmitted by vegetative propagation and grafting of plant materials, and by the eriophyid mite Aceria ficus. In this work, the genetic variation and evolutionary mechanisms shaping FMV populations were characterized. Nucleotide sequences from four genomic regions (each within the genomic RNAs 1, 2, 3, and 4) from FMV isolates from different countries were determined and analyzed. FMV genetic variation was low, as is seen for many other plant viruses. Phylogenetic analysis showed some geographically distant FMV isolates which clustered together, suggesting long-distance migration. …

Turnip Crinkle Virus Coat Protein Inhibits The Basal Immune Response To Virus Invasion In Arabidopsis By Binding To The Nac Transcription Factor Tip, Teresa Donze, Feng Qu, Paul Twigg, T. Jack Morris

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Turnip crinkle virus (TCV) has been shown to interact with a NAC transcription factor, TIP, of Arabidopsis thaliana, via its coat protein (CP). This interaction correlates with the resistance response manifested in TCV-resistant Arabidopsis ecotype Di-17. We report that failure of a mutated CP to interact with TIP triggered the corresponding TCV mutant (R6A) to cause more severe symptoms in the TCV-susceptible ecotype Col-0. We hypothesized that TCV regulates antiviral basal immunity through TIP-CP interaction. Consistent with this hypothesis, we found that the rate of accumulation of R6A was measurably slower than wild-type TCV over the course of an …

Pots Plots And Plants: Annual Newsletter 2014

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Annual Newsletters

Table of Contents

Letters from the department head and associate head........... 2–3

Staff

Dave Scoby, Fran Benne..................................................................4

Cheryl Bogenrief, Steve Gamet......................................................5

Students

Student club updates................................................................... 6–7

Agronomy—it’s in my roots............................................................8

Agronomy Club hosts regional conference...................................9

When health and agriculture intertwine.............................. 10–11

Research Organic Farming: Research in IANR and the Department of Agronomy and Horticulture....................... 12–13

The Daugherty Water for Food Institute: Feeding a growing world........................................................ 14–15

International research project aims to increase profits for African farmers...................................... 16–17

Faculty

New faculty............................................................................... 18–20

Awards.............................................................................................20

Hoegemeyer takes second retirement..........................................23

Retirements.....................................................................................24

Alumni Advisory council.............................................................................25

Spotlight...........................................................................................26

Visiting scientist.............................................................................28

Light Stimulates The Mouse Adrenal Through A Retinohypothalamic Pathway Independent Of An Effect On The Clock In The Suprachiasmatic Nucleus, Silke Kiessling, Patricia J. Sollars, Gary E. Pickard

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

The brain’s master circadian pacemaker resides within the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). SCN clock neurons are entrained to the day/night cycle via the retinohypothalamic tract and the SCN provides temporal information to the central nervous system and to peripheral organs that function as secondary oscillators. The SCN clock-cell network is thought to be the hypothalamic link between the retina and descending autonomic circuits to peripheral organs such as the adrenal gland, thereby entraining those organs to the day/night cycle. However, there are at least three different routes or mechanisms by which retinal signals transmitted to the hypothalamus may be conveyed …

Dens Agenesis And Cervical Vertebral Malformation In A Labrador Retriever Puppy, Elisa Salas, Henry E. Cerny, Seth P. Harris

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Cervical vertebral malformations can cause acute or progressive pain, paralysis, and potentially death. Herein we present a case report of dens agenesis; cervical vertebral malformations of C1, C2, C6, and C7; subluxation of C1 and C2 and C4 and C5; and associated degenerative myelopathy in a 5-month-old female Labrador Retriever puppy. We additionally review current knowledge regarding pathogenesis and treatment.

Resurrection And Redescription Of Varestrongylus Alces (Nematoda: Protostrongylidae), A Lungworm Of The Eurasian Moose (Alces Alces), With Report On Associated Pathology, Guilherme G. Verocai, Eric P. Hoberg, Turid Vikøren, Kjell Handeland, Bjørnar Ytrehus, Andrew M. Rezansoff, Rebecca K. Davidson, John S. Gilleard, Susan J. Kutz

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Background: Varestrongylus alces, a lungworm in Eurasian moose from Europe has been considered a junior synonym of Varestrongylus capreoli, in European roe deer, due to a poorly detailed morphological description and the absence of a type-series.

Methods: Specimens used in the redescription were collected from lesions in the lungs of Eurasian moose, from Vestby, Norway. Specimens were described based on comparative morphology and integrated approaches. Molecular identification was based on PCR, cloning and sequencing of the ITS-2 region of the nuclear ribosomal DNA. Phylogenetic analysis compared V. alces ITS-2 sequences to these of other Varestrongylus species …

Novel Gammaherpesvirus Functions 1 Encoded By Bovine Herpesvirus (Bovine Lymphotropic Virus), J. Jia, G. Delhon, E. R. Tulman, D. G. Diel, Fernando A. Osorio, X. Wen, G. F. Kutish, D. L. Rock

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

The genus Macavirus of the subfamily Gammaherpesvirinae includes viruses that infect lymphoid cells of domestic and wild ruminants and swine, causing asymptomatic latent infections in reservoir hosts. Here, we describe the genome of bovine herpesvirus 6 (BoHV-6), a

macavirus ubiquitous in healthy cattle populations. The BoHV-6 genome exhibited architecture conserved in macaviruses, including a repetitive H-DNA region and unique, 141 kilobase pair L

DNA region predicted to encode 77 genes. BoHV-6 encoded in variable genomic regions a novel complement of genes relative to other characterized macaviruses, likely contributing to distinctive aspects of BoHV-6 infection biology and host range. Most notably, …

Chronic Wasting Disease Detection In The Lymph Nodes Of Free-Ranging Cervids By Real Time Quaking-Induced Conversion, Nicholas J. Haley, Scott Carver, Laura Hoon-Hanks, Davin M. Henderson, Kristen A. Davenport, Elizabeth Bunting, Shawn Gray, Judith Galeota, Ivy Levan, Tracy Dubovos, Paul Shelton, Edward A. Hoover, Bruce Trindle

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Chronic wasting disease (CWD), a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy of deer, elk and moose, is the only prion disease affecting free-ranging animals. First identified in northern Colorado and southern Wyoming in 1967, new epidemic foci of the disease have since been identified in additional states, as well as two Canadian provinces and the Republic of South Korea. Identification of CWD-affected animals currently requires post-mortem analysis of brain or lymphoid tissues using immunohistochemistry (IHC) or an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), with no practical way to evaluate potential strain types or investigate the epidemiology of existing or novel foci of disease. Using …