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Insect, Plant Disease, And Weed Science News, No. 90-5, April 20, 1990, Alex Martin, Bob N. Stougarrd

Insect, Plant Disease, and Weed Science News (1987-1992)

In This Issue

Weed Science

Where Do the New Shattercane Herbicides Fit In?...................................... 25

Start Thistle Control Now ............................................ 26

Schedule Set for 1990 Weeds Tour ............................. 26

Plant Disease

Disease Update: Soilborne Wheat Mosaic Found ...... 27

Evergreens Showing Signs of Winter Desiccation ...... 27

Send Fresh Samples for Disease Testing ..................... 28

New Publications Announced ........................................... 28

Insect Science

Watch for White Grubs During Planting ...................... 28

Correction ................................................................. 29

Alfalfa Weevils Entering Eastern Nebraska ................ 29

Black Cutwonn Tiapping Program
Helps Predict Moth Migration .................................. 30

Hexapod Herald - Vol. 1, No. 7, April 6, 1990

Hexapod Herald and Other Entomology Department Newsletters

Miscellaneous

Calendar of upcoming events

Grants

Publications

Bruner Club news

Crossword puzzle

Insect, Plant Disease, And Weed Science News, No. 90-3, April 6, 1990, Alex Martin, Bob N. Stougarrd

Insect, Plant Disease, and Weed Science News (1987-1992)

In This Issue

Weed Science

Herbicide Label Changes Outlined ........................... 13

Early Weed COlltrol Important to Maintaining Healthy Turf ............................. 14

NebGuide Explains Process for Submitting Pest/Plant Samples ............................................ 14

Plant Disease

Soilborne Wheat Mosaic Symptoms Now Evident in Eastern Nebraska ...................... 15

Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus Attacks a Wide Range of Plants .................................... 15

It's Time for Garden Clean-up ................................. 15

Prune to Eliminate Black Knot ............................... .16

Dethatch and Aerify Lawn for Thatch Management Program .................... 16

Insect

Thrips Damage Horticultural Plantings .................... 16

Treatment Recommendations Changed .................... 17

Chinch Bug Migration Beginning ............................. 17

Panhandle Insect Problems …

Self-Study Report: 07 Center For Leadership Development

Department of Agricultural Leadership, Education, and Communication: Materials and History

According to Naisbett and Aburdene (Reinventing the Corporation, 1985) it will be the management of human resources rather than management of economic resources that will determine-the margin of success for organizations in the future. In addition, the recently (1988) published report from Stanford Research Institute (SRI) International, called "New Seeds for Nebraska," indicated that skilled and adaptable human resources are a major area where action is needed to give Nebraska the competitive advantage in tomorrow's economy. The report encouraged the University of Nebraska to be more proactive in developing the human resource capital available in the state. The Center for …

Water Current, Volume 22, April 1990

Water Current Newsletter

Environmental Studies Part of Geography Department, Jeanne Kay
Twentieth Annual Earth Day Observed April 22
NATO Advanced Research Workshop to be Held at UNL in September
First Irrigation Day Held February 22
Just Give Us a Call for Water Seminar Proceedings
Festival Highlights Importance of Nebraska's Groundwater
Prevention Key to Pollution
Assessment Atlas Now Available
Water Conference Council Awards
Agency Cooperation Urged at Water Conference
90s Exciting Times in Water Resources
Nebraska Counties Included in High Plains Irrigation Research
Mid-Nebraska Water Quality Demo Project Combines State and Federal Agencies to Research Irrigation Efficiency
Irrigation Bolsters Nebraska's Economy
First Nebraska Instream …

Nebline, April 1990

NEBLINE Newsletter Archive from Nebraska Extension in Lancaster County

Ag Update: Agricultural News & Events

Home Extension News

On-the-Grow: Horticulture News & Recommendations

The Cloverline: 4-H News and Events

Extension Calendar

and other extension news

Self-Study Report: 03 Strategic Plans

Department of Agricultural Leadership, Education, and Communication: Materials and History

Much time and effort have gone into the Institute of Agriculture and Natural Resources (IANR) and the Department of Agricultural Education's strategic planning effort. Coincidentally, the Department had started its own process of strategic planning in the summer of 1987 where it identified the four departmental "thrust" areas.

The IANR process was started in the fall of 1987 by the Vice Chancellor Omtvedt of the Institute and was to be followed by a series of meetings, not only within the Institute, but with town hall meetings around Nebraska, to ensure a broad representation of input regarding future directions of IANR. …

Self-Study Report: 05 Undergraduate Teaching Program (Departmental Thrust)

Department of Agricultural Leadership, Education, and Communication: Materials and History

Table of Contents:

Departmental Strategic Plan for the Undergraduate Curriculum

Departmental Strategic Plan for Recruitment, Retention, and Placement

Summary of Accomplishments 1984-1989

Undergraduate Program Goals and Objectives

Table 4.1 Teaching Faculty and Appointments

1989 Teaching Assignments

Undergraduate Curriculum and Options

List of Courses of Instruction

Figure 4.1 Agricultural Training and Developmental Options

Student Advising

Recruitment, Retention, and Placement

Figure 4.2 Current Undergraduate Promotional Brochure

Employment Trends

Table 4.2 Departmental Majors, 1985-1986 to 1989-1990

Table 4.3 Number of Degrees Awarded by Level

Table 4.4 Student Registrations in the Department by College

Table 4.5 Average Class Size, and Student Credit Hours

Table …

Self-Study Report: International Programs

Department of Agricultural Leadership, Education, and Communication: Materials and History

Agricultural Education at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln. has had a long history of involvement in improving education in agriculture throughout the world. Agricultural education faculty have an important role to play in helping developing countries to develop their educational systems. especially in faculty development, Curriculum and organizational leadership.

Warfarin Resistance Of Rattus Tiomanicus In Oil Palms In Malaysia And The Associated Increase Of Rattus Diardii, B. J. Wood, G. F. Chung

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 14th (1990)

Rattus tiomanicus is a serious pest of oil palm plantations in Peninsular Malaysia, feeding on the ripening fruit. R. diardii is a rat of human habitations and has been only an occasional field species, presumably because it cannot compete with better adapted species. A widely used control for R. tiomanicus of proven effectiveness uses maize-based baits containing warfarin at 0.05% in 2 cm³ (14.5 g) wax-bound cubes. These are applied in campaigns at one per palm, replaced on 4 daily rounds, until acceptance has declined to 20%. This "standard method" is applied at about 6-month intervals, and …

Politics And Economics Of Maintaining Pesticide Registrations, Kathleen A. Fagerstone, Roger W. Bullard, Craig A. Ramey

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 14th (1990)

The Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) was amended in 1988 to require the reregistration of all pesticides registered before 1984 within 9 years. The FIFRA 88 required that all pesticide active ingredients must meet current registration standards, suspended the previous fee structure, and imposed a one-time registration fee and annual maintenance fees. New data generated because of FIFRA 88 must conform to EPA's Good Laboratory Practice Standards and animal studies must follow guidelines of the Animal Welfare Act. FIFRA 88 has significantly increased data requirements, data costs, and other pesticide registration and reregistration costs for most pesticides. The …

The Evolution Of Vertebrate Pest Management--The Species Versus Systems Approach, Scott E. Hygnstrom

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 14th (1990)

Wildlife management has evolved through a series of stages, with early efforts directed toward individual species. Since the late 1800s, however, more wildlife applications have incorporated a systems approach, where communities are managed to promote the quality, quantity, and fitness of most associated species. Vertebrate pest management has followed a similar course of development, although it has lagged behind in addressing the concept of systems management. I propose that a systems approach to vertebrate pest management should include the consideration of all potential problem species of an area or situation and should integrate damage prevention and control strategies that minimize …

A Review Of Falconry As A Bird-Hazing Technique, William A. Erickson, Rex E. Marsh, Terrell P. Salmon

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 14th (1990)

The use of trained falcons and hawks for dispersing pest birds has been mainly limited to airports in Europe and, to a lesser extent, in North America to prevent bird/aircraft strikes. The peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus) and the goshawk (Accipiter gentilis) are the raptors used most often. These trained birds can effectively disperse gulls (Larus spp. ) and a variety of other pest bird species, although other bird-scaring methods are often equally or more effective and economical. Because of the scarcity of trained raptors and handlers, their use is limited to special situations such as …

Field Trial Of A Cpt-Avicide Aerial Spray, Jon F. Heisterberg, John L. Cummings, George M. Linz, Edward Knittle, Thomas W. Seamans, Paul P. Woronecki

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 14th (1990)

A 2.2 ha-cedar and mixed deciduous tree woodlot in Crawford, Mississippi, harboring 330,000 blackbirds (Icterinae) and European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) was aerially sprayed by helicopter the night of 1 March 1989 with 1050 1 of a CPT-avicide formulation at a rate of 49 kg CPT/ha. Most mortality occurred within 36 h of treatment. Mortality in the roost was 3% of the pretreatment population. No reliable technique to estimate out-of-roost mortality was identified. Pilot misapplication and probable CPT volatilization of the spray formulation contributed to the low mortality. Only 1 of 37 radiotagged blackbirds using the roost the night …

How Animal Control Improves Animal Welfare, Walter E. Howard

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 14th (1990)

The balance of nature requires a balanced predator-prey relationship. In agriculture or urban areas the natural predator-prey balance is disrupted because the habitats have been altered and, for the protection of livestock (and for humans in case of grizzly bears, lions, and wolves), the large carnivores have usually been displaced. Consequently, in these altered environments to prevent crop depredations, to keep other vertebrate species in balance with their environment, and to protect some endangered species, people must manage the wildlife. This often means that for the welfare of animals people have to become predators to assist nature. Fortunately, from an …

Controlling Vertebrate Animal Damage In Southern Pines, Jeffrey J. Jackson

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 14th (1990)

Certain mammals and birds may damage or destroy southern pines, causing economic losses in intensively cultured areas such as seed orchards and nurseries. Mammal pests may eat seeds; tunnel, dislodging seedlings, or chew on roots; or girdle, debark, or sever stems or branches. Bird pests may eat seeds or excavate holes in the tree trunks. The first important step is to identify the pest(s) from the damage left behind. Thereafter, various control options-from using traps and repellents to altering habitat-are available.

Its A Fact! Its A Phact!, Harlan R. Shuhler

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 14th (1990)

To reduce the costs of providing development assistance in agriculture to the people in the Developing Countries, an international "Post-Harvest Agriculture Computer Teleconference" has been available now for more than 15 months. Suitably supplemented with electronic computer communications networks and their E-mail, these tools allow relatively inexpensive assistance. This combination offers many advantages to the organizations offering assistance and those needing help.

Roaming, Stray, And Feral Domestic Cats And Dogs As Wildlife Problems, Bessel D. Van't Woudt

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 14th (1990)

From several centers of domestication, cats and dogs have become the near-ubiquitous companion of man. Their dependence on man is such that when abandoned in a rural environment most succumb to malnutrition in combination with predation, diseases, parasites, and exposure. Where not subject to predation and where native or introduced prey is adequate, some survive to form feral populations. This applies on oceanic islands, in Australia and New Zealand. Elsewhere, as far as is known today, requirements for survival are met with in parts of the U.S. and Europe only, in remote wilderness areas in the case of dogs, and …

Closing Remarks For The Fourteenth Vertebrate Pest Conference, John E. Borrecco

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 14th (1990)

This concludes the 14th Vertebrate Pest Conference. Before my closing remarks, let us acknowledge the excellent job done by our session chairpersons and speakers.

For your information, we had 345 people registered at the conference, representing 37 states and 11 other countries.

I first attended the Vertebrate Pest Conference some 14 years ago at the 7th Conference. At that time I was impressed with the breadth of subjects presented, the international scope, the professional exchange of information, and the opportunity to meet noted experts in vertebrate pest control. Since that meeting, I have always looked forward to the next conference …

Predator Control For The Protection Of Endangered Species In California, Peter H. Butchko

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 14th (1990)

In recent years, wildlife agencies in California have concluded that predators are limiting factors to the recovery of several endangered species, namely the San Joaquin kit fox (Vulpes macrotis mutica), California least tern (Sterna antillarum browni). and desert tortoise (Xerobates agassizii). As a result, separate control programs for the protection of these species have been undertaken by U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Animal Damage Control (ADC) in cooperation with State and Federal agencies. Aspects of control activities of avian and/or mammalian predators of each project are discussed.

Efficacy Of Compound 1080 Livestock Protection Collars For Killing Coyotes That Attack Sheep, Guy Connolly, Richard J. Burns

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 14th (1990)

Efficacy of Compound 1080 LP Collars was studied under pen and field conditions. Coyotes poisoned themselves by attacking collared sheep and biting the collars. In 54 pen tests where 1 or 2 captive coyotes had opportunity to attack 1 collared lamb, 41 lambs were attacked and 26 collars were punctured. Of 25 different coyotes offered lambs with collars containing 5 or 10 mg sodium fluoroacetate (FAC)/ml, 23 coyotes attacked and 21 died after collars were punctured in their first (n = 17), second (n = 3), or fifth (n = 1) test. For 11 captive coyotes that punctured rubber collars, …

Lyme Disease, With Emphasis On The Western U.S., And Its Relationship To Wildlife (Abstract Only), Robert S. Lane

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 14th (1990)

In the western United States, Lyme disease has been reported primarily from the three Pacific states, especially California, and sporadically or not at all from various mountain states. In California, surveillance for Lyme disease was initiated in 1983, but it was not made a reportable disease in this state until 1989. Nevertheless, approximately 400 human cases were reported by California State Health authorities between 1983 and 1987. In 1982, I began studying the ecology and epidemiology of Lyme disease in the far-western United States in collaboration with Dr. Willy Burgdorfer of the Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, Montana, and others. The …

Survey Of Rodent And Rabbit Damage To Alfalfa Hay In Nevada, Steven R. Lewis, John M. O'Brien

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 14th (1990)

A survey of alfalfa hay producers was conducted to characterize vertebrate pest problems in Nevada alfalfa hay and help attract research funding. Damage to alfalfa hay by pocket gophers (Thomomvs spp), ground squirrels (Spermophilus spp), black-tailed jackrabbits (Lepus californicus) and meadow voles (Microtus montanus) was assessed. Presence of vertebrate pests along with a ranking of cost-related problems they pose to alfalfa hay operations was determined. Pocket gophers were the most costly pest followed by ground squirrels, jackrabbits, and meadow voles. The number one problem caused by vertebrate pests was identified to be a decrease …

Bird Control On Containment Pond Sites, Lee R. Martin, Sam Hagar

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 14th (1990)

Bird deaths resulting from toxic materials in containment ponds are causing authorities to insist that action be taken to eliminate this hazard to avian wildlife. Bird control at containment pond sites is achieved by two well-known but poorly understood aversion techniques: hazing systems (sound/visual) and stretch wire. The limiting condition of either approach is that resident birds rapidly habituate while some migrating species are totally unaffected. Consequently, one must be able to accept degrees of control with an understanding of the behavior of the species involved. Birdproofing is achieved by covering an entire pond with bird net. This presentation discusses …

Wild Hog Management Program At Great Smoky Mountains National Park, John D. Peine, Jane Allen Farmer

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 14th (1990)

Over the last 30 years the wild hog population control program at Great Smoky Mountains National Park has experienced steady growth. The evolution has been relatively slow, and it was not until the latter part of the 1980s that sufficient funds were available to make a serious attempt at control measures. Over the years, the research program has focused on the biology of the wild hog; its reproductive rate; feeding and movement patterns; and its impact on the fauna, flora, and soils of the park. In addition, a major project was conducted to evaluate attractants and baits to increase the …

An Evaluation Of Breakaway Snares For Use In Coyote Control, Robert L. Phillips, F. Sherman Blom, Richard E. Johnson

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 14th (1990)

Seven types of breakaway snares were evaluated for breaking strength and variability using a universal testing machine. Maximum tension before breakage for individual snares ranged from 142 to 486 pounds. Sheet metal locks which ripped out, and S-hooks which straightened, provided the least variable results. Coyotes (Canis latrans), mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus), domestic calves and lambs were tested to determine the tension loads they applied to snares. Differences in tension loads among coyotes and nontarget species should allow for the development of snares that will consistently hold coyotes and release most larger nontarget animals.

Rodenticide Ecotoxicology: Systems Analysis And Simulation, R.H. Smith, Paula R. Cox, M. Rampaud

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 14th (1990)

Exposure, as well as toxicity, determines whether rodenticides present real environmental hazards to nontarget animals. In order to combine exposure and toxicity, a compartment model is proposed which distinguishes transfer processes from accumulation of residues. The published literature relevant to the model is analyzed, and some important gaps in knowledge are highlighted. Simple sub-models of rat feeding behavior and mortality are combined into a simulation model which generates data on both efficacy of control and build-up of residues in live rats and carcasses. The roles of feeding parameters (e.g., palatability, availability of alternative food) as well as toxicity are emphasized …

Animal Damage Problems And Control Activities On National Forest System Lands, John E. Borrecco, Hugh C. Black

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 14th (1990)

A questionnaire survey of the National Forests in 1988 indicated that animal damage control (ADC) was conducted on 208,000 acres of reforestation and older stands, nearly all in the West, at a cost of about $9 million. Sixty-two percent of the total acreage treated, or 128,600 acres, and 49 percent of the ADC costs, or $4.3 million, was in the Pacific Northwest Region (Oregon and Washington). Most of the forests in all regions of the Forest Service, except Alaska, rated animal damage to reforestation and older stands as very important or moderately important. One-third of the forests rated damage as …

Reducing Blackbird Damage To Newly Planted Rice With A Nontoxic Clay-Based Seed Coating, David G. Decker, Michael L. Avery, M. O. Way

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 14th (1990)

At 3 sites in Chambers County, Texas, the estimated sprout loss in 1-ac plots sown with clay-coated rice seed averaged 17.0% compared to 36.5% in adjacent 1-ac control plots. In one field, bird use of the control plot was 14 times that of the treated plot. Average feeding rates of red-winged blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus) were 1.5 seeds/min and 8.4 seeds/min in the treated and control plots, respectively. Roadside counts of territorial male redwings and evening flightline counts of birds going to roost indicated a depredating population consisting mainly of nonbreeding, roosting birds early in April with increasing proportions …

Control Of Mediterranean Pine Vole Populations In The South Of France, Gerald Guedon, Benoit Combes

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 14th (1990)

The control of the Mediterranean pine vole through manual bait placement is too fastidious. It prevents the realization of collective control on large areas. In this situation, mechanization is necessary. A burrow builder, made of a tubular ploughshare, has been devised in order to make artificial runs in the soil where baits may be deposited. This plough was successfully tested in fall 1989 in apple orchards with a wheat-based bait treated with chlorophacinone, chosen for its good resistance to moisture. The treatment efficiency varied between 86.7% and 96.4% with 25 and 50 artificial runs per hectare, respectively. A humid but …