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Agricultural Bird Problems In The Midwest And East, Maurice L. Giltz

Bird Control Seminars Proceedings

We recognized this bird damage problem from an agricultural standpoint around 1950. It seemingly was growing and when we looked into it; it later appeared that this was the case. The problem was quickly resolved to be primarily red-winged blackbirds in corn. We also have problems of damage to fruit crops such as apples, or peaches by starling and other birds, in grapes probably by warblers and most certainly star¬lings in certain seasons. But, this isn't as consistent and persistent at the corn damage by red-winged blackbirds. We began about 8 years ago to make a survey and we got …

Age And Growth Of The River Carpsucker, Carpiodes Carpio, In The Missouri River, Larry A. Morris

Nebraska Game and Parks Commission: Staff Research Publications

The river carpsucker, Carpiodes carpio, was collected in the Missouri River bordering eastern Nebraska in 1961 and 1962. During and preceding the study period the course of the river was being altered to promote commercial barge traffic. These alterations resulted in numerous cutoff lakes and chutes many of which were left open to the river at their downstream ends. Collections were made both here and in the river channel. Age and growth data from collections in the cutoff lakes and chutes were combined, while age and growth determinations were made separately for fish from the main stream. The differences …

Life Cycle And Development Of Prosthorhynchus Formosus (Van Cleave, 1918) Travassos, 1926, An Acanthocephalan Parasite Of Birds, Gerald D. Schmidt, O. Wilford Olsen

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

The life cycle of Prosthorhynchus formosus (Van Cleave, 1918) Travassos, 1926 is presented. The terrestrial isopods Armadillidium vulgare, Porcellio laevis, and P. scaber served as experimental intermediate hosts, and chickens and turkeys as experimental definitive hosts. After ingestion of the eggs by the isopod, the acanthor emerges from its shells within 15 minutes to 2 hours, enters the gut wall of its host, and remains there 15 to 25 days. It then migrates to the hemocoel and develops through the acanthella stage to the infective cystacanth by the 60th to 65th day of infection.

Animal Control In New Zealand, Walter E. Howard

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 2nd (1964)

New Zealand has a multiplicity of challenging animal-control problems, and all of them concern animals which man has intentionally introduced either for sport, food or fur. Since the beginning of European settlement in the 19th Century, approximately 53 species of mammals and 125 species of birds have been deliberately or accidentally introduced into New Zealand, and 34 birds and 31 mammals have become established (Wodzicki, 1950). The principal reasons the exotic big game animals (Riney, 1955), fur bearers and feral domestic livestock have been so destructive to certain habitats in New Zealand are because 1) some of the soils are …

Northern Pike, Esox Lucius, In Alkaline Lakes Of Nebraska, D. B. Mccarraher

Nebraska Game and Parks Commission: Staff Research Publications

Pike (Esox lucius) were studied in alkaline sandhill lakes from 1956 through 1961. Fry and fingerlings were released in alkaline environments as part of a continuing ecological study of survival and growth of northern pike in Nebraska waters. Survival and growth were determined by intensive nettings at release sites. Chemical, biological, and physical characteristics of each lake were investigated (Table 1).

The majority of the nearly 2,000 Nebraska sandhill lakes may be classified as alkaline eutrophic of the bicarbonate-sulfate group (McCarraher). Salts other than chlorides predominate in these natural lakes supporting a biota somewhat different from inland chloride …

Department Of Entomology Newsletter - No. 1, 1962

Hexapod Herald and Other Entomology Department Newsletters

Foreword, the Editors, Norman L. Braasch and John Edman

Greetings, Roscoe E. Hill

Staff (photo)

Graduate Students (photo)

Courses Currently Offered in Entomology, Current Research Projects

Professional Staff biographies

Clerical and Technical Staff

Athletics

Alumni biographies

Recent Advances In Veterinary Entomology1, A.W. Lindquist, E. F. Knipling

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

The advances during the last 15 years in our knowledge of the biology and control of arthropod pests of livestock and vectors of animal disease agents exceed those made in any similar period in past history. Before 1942 we relied mainly on rotenone, pyrethrum, the thiocyanates, and the arseni­cals for control of lice, ticks, mites, biting flies, and cattle grubs. While ef­fective against some pests under certain conditions, these materials were not practical for wide-scale use and did not meet the public demand for better insecticides. Today we have highly effective and low-cost insecticides such as DDT, lindane, TDE, toxaphene, …

The Relation Of Spring Bird Distribution To A Vegetation Mosaic In Southeastern Washington, Paul A. Johnsgard, W. H. Rickard

Paul Johnsgard Collection

Climax vegetation is of particular interest for study since it is the oldest and most stable vegetation of a region and should be expected to have a distinctive complement of animals. The purpose of this investigation was to observe the predilection of birds for stands representing climax plant associations in a remnant of native grassland in southeastern Washington.

The grasslands of this region were rapidly converted from grazing use to wheat production beginning about 65 years ago (Daubenmire 1942) and as a result only a few scattered remnants of native vegetation remain today. Associated with changes in vegetation there have …

Effects Of Water Fluctuation And Vegetation Change On Bird Populations, Particularly Waterfowl, Paul A. Johnsgard

Paul Johnsgard Collection

In recent years reclamation activities in the Columbia Basin of Washington have resulted in profound changes in the character of the entire landscape throughout this region. The present study is an attempt to clarify some of the biological effects of impoundment behind O'Sullivan Dam in the Potholes area, Grant County (Johnsgard 1955b). In this area, a large expanse of moving sand dunes and a high water table are responsible for causing the formation of numerous small water areas, or "potholes," between the dunes. The physical nature of the area and its limited potentialities have made it of little value to …

Waterfowl Sex Ratios During Spring In Washington State And Their Interpretation, Paul A. Johnsgard, Irven O. Buss

Papers in Ornithology

Sex-ratio studies have received much attention from research workers in recent years. The contributions of Hochbaum (1944), Petrides (1944) and others have yielded considerable information on sex ratios in waterfowl; Beer (1945) and Yocom (1949) have presented data for the state of Washington. To interpret regional data on waterfowl sex ratios adequately, it is necessary to obtain a series of uninterrupted observations covering the entire migration period of the species concerned. In 1954, an ecologic study was conducted in the Potholes area, Grant County, central Washington (Johnsgard, 1956). During the period February 15 to May 16, sex-ratio data were collected …

Fall Distribution Of Birds In A Palouse River Canyon, Frank B. Golley, Paul A. Johnsgard

Paul Johnsgard Collection

During the fall and winter of 1953 the writers undertook a general ecological study of a portion of the Palouse River valley, near Armstrong, Whitman County, Washington. During the course of these investigations records were kept on the numbers of birds observed and the vegetation in which they were located. It was anticipated that these observations might indicate bird-use of the major vegetational types found in the area. Several investigators (Dumas 1950; Wing 1949) have published distributional data for birds of the Palouse grassland during the nesting, period, but few have been concerned with distribution patterns during the fall migration.

Courtship Activities Of The Anatidae In Eastern Washington, Paul A. Johnsgard

Papers in Ornithology

The many interesting and sometimes spectacular aspects of waterfowl courtship have been observed and recorded by several writers. Among the best and most complete descriptions are those of Bent (1923, 1925), Townsend (1910, 1916), Wetmore (1920), and Hochbaum (1944). However, for the most part these are unillustrated, deal with only a few species, or are based on limited observations.

North American Prairie, J. E. Weaver

Papers of John E. Weaver (1884–1956)

TO MOST AMERICANS, the word "Prairie" suggests either a romantic element in pioneer fiction or a vast expanse of level land which must be crossed in going from one coast to another. But to the botanist, the American Prairie is a wonderfully complex society of living organisms.

This book tells the story of that society-the variety of its inhabitants; the constitution of its several communities; the internal struggles for domination of the society; and the battles of the Prairie as a whole against its two most vicious enemies, drought and overgrazing. Most striking, perhaps, is the story of that portion …

Birds Observed In The Potholes Region During 1953-1954, Paul A. Johnsgard

Papers in Ornithology

From June 15-August 15, 1953 and from February 15 to August 15, 19 5 4 the writer did extensive field work in the Potholes Region of Grant County,Washington, gathering data for an ecological study of the vegetation and wildlife of that area. During this time considerable observations of the bird life were made, which for the most part were restricted to the area adjacent to O'Sullivan Dam and Potholes Reservoir.

The Ecology Of Mosquito Borne Viruses, Carl M. Eklund

United States Public Health Resources

The ecology of a mosquito borne virus involves a consideration of the growth of the virus within the vertebrate and arthropod hosts, the reaction of these hosts to the presence of the virus, and the vertebrate-arthropod associations which are necessary for the dissemination and maintenance of the virus. Little is known of the physiological properties of a particular host and virus which permit multiplication of the virus. In this review stress will be laid u pon studies which attempt to discover the mechanisms in nature which maintain these viruses. The first section will relate to the geographical distribution and time …

The Ecology Of Mosquito Borne Viruses1, Carl M. Eklund

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

The ecology of a mosquito borne virus involves a consideration of the growth of the virus within the vertebrate and arthropod hosts, the reaction of these hosts to the presence of the virus, and the vertebrate-arthropod associations which are necessary for the dissemination and maintenance of the virus. Little is known of the physiological properties of a particular host and virus which permit multiplication of the virus. In this review stress will be laid upon studies which attempt to discover the mechanisms in nature which maintain these viruses. The first section will relate to the geographical distribution and time of …

Effects Of Excessive Natural Mulch On Development, Yield, And Structure Of Native Grassland, J. E. Weaver, N. W. Rowland

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Prairie vegetation is so universally mowed, grazed, or burned that little information has been recorded on its behavior under complete protection. Climax grassland, when grazed lightly or even moderately, may retain essentially its natural composition over extremely long periods (16, 18). But aside from observation there is little information upon the unusual and rare phenomenon of complete protection of grassland from disturbance over a considerable period of time.

Helminths From The Round-Tailed Muskrat, Neofiber Alleni Nigrescens Howell, With Descriptions Of Two New Species, Robert L. Rausch

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Two specimens of round-tailed muskrat, Neofiber alleni nigrescens Howell, were examined for helminth parasites. Four species, a trematode and three cestodes, were collected. Two of these, Quinqueserialis floridensis and Paranoplocephala neofibrinus, are described as new. Cittotaenia praecoquis Stiles, 1895, is recorded from this host, and larval cestodes are tentatively identified as Taenia lyncis Skinker, 1935.

Whole Issue Nebraska Bird Review (Jan 1952) 20(1)

Nebraska Bird Review

Table of Contents

Fall Field Day, 1951.............................................................. 3

Editorial ................................................................................ 9

Notes on the Food Habits of the Great Horned Owl, by J. Knox Jones, Jr. 10

James Chamberlain Crawford, by Alexander Wetmore .................................... 11

Fred M. Dille Collection ................................................................................................ 12

Twenty-five Year Summary of Bird Migration in Nebraska, Part 6, by William F. Rapp, Jr ..................................................................... 13

News and Notes .............................................................. 19

Five Year Summary of Christmas Bird Counts, by Janet L. C. Rapp and William F. Rapp, Jr ................................................................................. 15

General Notes ................................................................. 19

Book Reviews ................................................................. .23

Membership List .................................................... .26

Ecological Studies In A Midwestern Range: The Vegetation And Effects Of Cattle On Its Composition And Distribution, J. E. Weaver, G. W. Tomanek

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

There is continued need for a better understanding of range vegetation and its use by range animals. Range preservation and improvement in the midwest are largely matters of wise use and proper management of our natural grasslands. A more comprehensive understanding of the range itself is needed--its forage, soil, and water supply, and factors influencing a proper distribution of livestock. The degree of utilization of forage that will result in the maintenance of excellent or good range condition and the improvement of a range in fair condition should be ascertained. Soil conservation on range lands is accomplished primarily by improvement …

Biotic Interrelationships Of Helminth Parasitism, Robert L. Rausch

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Biotic interrelationships in Alaska have so far suffered little from man's attempts to improve upon nature. As a result of these favorable circumstances, biological investigation in Alaska offers unusual opportunity for elucidating problems which can no longer be approached in the more populated parts of North America. One is very fortunate to have the opportunity of working under these conditions, since present trends indicate that Alaska is soon to go by the way of the great wildernesses which once existed in the United States and Canada.

Monolith Method Of Root-Sampling In Studies On Succession And Degeneration, J. E. Weaver, John Voigt

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

A new method has been devised by which a complete sample of an entire root system may be taken from soil surface to maximum depth of penetration. The roots are separated from the soil without injury to them or displacement of individual roots from their natural position. They are examined in the laboratory in relation to the various horizons of the soil profile. Monoliths 12 inches wide, 3 inches thick, and 3-5 feet in depth are taken from the walls of trenches made in selected pure stands of each species. Roots are obtained from the monolith by a system of …

An Ecological Study Of Helminths Of Some Wyoming Voles (Microtus Spp.) With A Description Of A New Species Of Nematospiroides (Heligmosomidae: Nematoda), Merle L. Kuns, Robert L. Rausch

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

An ecological and taxonomic study of the helminth parasites of voles (Microtus spp.) in the Jackson Hole region of Wyoming is reported.

Nematospiroides microti n. sp. from Microtus montanus nanus and M. richardsoni macropus is described and figured.

A cestode, Paranoplocephala infrequens, and a nematode, Syphacia obvelata, were generally distributed throughout the region in all habitats except the sage flats.

A trematode, Quinqueserialis hassalli, was recovered only from voles collected near streams at low altitudes. This was presumably due to the localized distribution of the molluscan intermediate host.

Four helminths, viz., Hymenolepis horrida, Heligmosomum costellatum …

Observations On Some Helminths Parasitic In Ohio Turtles, Robert L. Rausch

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

The examination of a number of turtles, collected in Ohio, has disclosed at least thirty-three species of parasitic helminths. Little information is available on the parasites of turtles in the Central States, and it is the purpose of this paper to present data resulting from examinations made on 128 turtles, of seven species.

Effects Of Drought, Dust, And Intensity Of Grazing On Cover And Yield Of Short-Grass Pastures, F. W. Albertson, J. E. Weaver

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

The vast range lands of western Kansas occupy approximately one half of that area. They are now recovering from the terrible destruction wrought by overgrazing, drought, and dust-burial during the past decade. Since grass is man's most powerful ally in soil and water conservation, since pastures are tremendously important as the cheapest and most satisfactory feed for cattle, and since the recovery of the western range is not only an economic problem of great importance but a phenomenon of outstanding ecological interest, the redevelopment of the plant cover warrants careful investigation.

The Relations Of Vegetative Composition And Cattle Grazing On Nebraska Range Land, T. E. Brinegar, F. D. Keim

Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station: Historical Research Bulletins

The objectives of the studies reported in this paper were: (1) to obtain an analysis of the vegetation in tall and short grass range lands, (2) to observe the activities of cattle on the range, and (3) to determine the effects of grazing upon vegetation.

Research Bulletin 123, Relations Of Vegetative Composition And Cattle Grazing On Nebraska Range Land, 1942

University of Nebraska Historical Extension: Bulletin

Research Bulletin 123, Relations of Vegetative Composition and Cattle Grazing on Nebraska Range Land, 1942

Nebraska Bird Review (July-December 1940) 8(2), Whole Issue

Nebraska Bird Review

CONTENTS

The Northern Purple Martin as a Neighbor. By Mrs. George W. Trine ........................................................ 45

Birds of a Surviving Area of Original Prairie Land in Eastern Nebraska. By Don B. Whelan .................................................... 50

Some 1939 Bird Observations Made at Red Cloud, Webster County. By Charles S. Ludlow ................................................................ 55

Some Notes on the Summering Birds of Western Nebraska. By Mr. and Mrs. Earl W. Glandon ............................................ 61

Distribution and Migration of the Dowitcher in Nebraska. By Myron H. Swenk .................................................................... 63

Cooperative Migration List for the Spring of 1940 ........................ 75

General Notes ................................................ ..................................... 83

Minutes of the Forty-first …

Ecological Study Of The Weed Population Of Eastern Nebraska, Elva L. Norris

University Studies (University of Nebraska) (1888–1984)

EXACT knowledge of the relations existing between weeds and cultivated crops is very limited. This is true also of the amount of viable weed seed present in arable soil. Impressions and observations have been recorded, but very few quantitative investigations have been made. The numerous circulars and bulletins about weeds, issued by many experiment stations, deal mostly with descriptions of species and methods of weed control. The present research was undertaken primarily to determine the relationship which exists between weeds and cultivated crops, but also to obtain an estimation of the number of viable weed seeds present in the soil. …

Plant Production As A Measure Of Environment: A Study In Crop Ecology, J. E. Weaver

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Table of Contents:
Introduction
Location and Description of Stations
Comparisons of Environments
Experimental Methods and Results, 1920
Experiments during 1921
Environmental Conditions
Plant Yield
Experiments during 1922
Environmental Conditions
Native Plant Yield
Growth Of Maize
Summary of Experiments on Native Vegetation
Summary