Digital Commons Network^™

Findings From A Study Of The Working Well With A Disability Program, Catherine Ipsen, Charles Asp, University Of Montana Rural Institute

Employment

People with disabilities are employed at a rate of 36.9%, compared to 79.7% for people without disabilities (Erickson & Lee, 2008). Lack of accessible transportation, social insurance disincentives, and negative attitudes by employers are cited reasons for this disparity. People with disabilities also describe secondary health conditions as a barrier to employment (Ipsen, Seekins, & Arnold, in press; Kaye, 2009). Secondary conditions are health issues that are intensified by primary disability, including conditions such as chronic pain, fatigue, pressure sores, weight problems, and depression. Because access to health promotion programs typically occurs at the worksite, it’s troublesome that secondary conditions …

Psc 501.01: Public Administration, Jeffrey D. Greene

University of Montana Course Syllabi

No abstract provided.

Relationship Between Muscle Strength, Power And Stiffness And Running Economy In Trained Male Runners, Charles Dumke, Christopher M. Pfaffenroth, Jeffrey M. Mcbride, Grant O. Mccauley

Integrative Physiology and Athletic Training Faculty Publications

Purpose: In this study, a comparison was made between muscle strength, power and muscle and tendon (k(m), and k(t) respectively) stiffness of the triceps surae muscle group and running economy (RE) in trained male runners. Methods: Twelve well-trained male runners (age = 21 +/- 2.7 y, height = 178.1 +/- 7.1 cm, body mass = 66.7 +/- 3.2 kg, VO(2)max = 68.3 +/- 4.3 mL.kg(-1).min(-1), 5000-m time = 15:04 min:s) undement passive stiffness testing using a free oscillation method. Muscle strength was determined via a maximal isometric squat test and power determined via a maximal countermovement jump (CMJ). On a …

Montana Kaimin, April 13, 2010, Students Of The University Of Montana, Missoula

Montana Kaimin, 1898-present

Student newspaper of the University of Montana, Missoula.

Strategies To Recruit And Retain College Smokers In Cessation Trials, M. Meghan Davidson, Nikole J. Cronk, Kari J. Harris, Solomon W. Harrar, Delwyn Catley, Glenn E. Good

Public and Community Health Sciences Faculty Publications

Techniques to recruit and retain college fraternity and sorority members who reported past 30-day smoking into a cessation trial are described. Recruitment efforts included relationship-building, raffles, and screening survey administration during existing meetings. Surveys were administered to 76% (n = 3,276) of members in 30 chapters, 79% of eligible members agreed to participate, and 76% of those completed assessments and were enrolled in the trial (n = 452). The retention rate was 73%. Retention efforts included cash incentives, flexible scheduling, multiple reminders, chapter incentives, and use of chapter members as study personnel. Retention was not related to demographic, …

Montana Kaimin, March 17, 2010, Students Of The University Of Montana, Missoula

Montana Kaimin, 1898-present

Student newspaper of the University of Montana, Missoula.

Montana Kaimin, March 10, 2010, Students Of The University Of Montana, Missoula

Montana Kaimin, 1898-present

Student newspaper of the University of Montana, Missoula.

Restoring Native Plant Diversity In The Upper Clark Fork Basin, Richard Douglass, Kristin S. Douglass, Krystal Weilage

Clark Fork Symposium Archives

We are developing novel ways to restore native plant species diversity in the uplands of the Upper Clark Fork Basin (UCFRB) in areas damaged by releases of hazardous substances by mining companies over more than 100 years. The desired future condition of upland plant communities in the UCFRB is to have sustainable plant communities that are diverse in native plant species and provide ecosystem functions such as nutrient cycling, wildlife habitat, soil conservation and weed resistance. We are in the sedond year of a three year demonstration project with objectives of increasing plant species diversity and developing plant communities resistant …

March 2010 News Releases, University Of Montana--Missoula. Office Of University Relations

University of Montana News Releases, 1928, 1956-present

No abstract provided.

Montana Kaimin, February 12, 2010, Students Of The University Of Montana, Missoula

Montana Kaimin, 1898-present

Student newspaper of the University of Montana, Missoula.

Socio-Cultural Dimensions Of Cluster Vs. Single Home Photovoltaic Solar Energy Systems In Rural Nepal, Kimber Haddix Mckay

Anthropology Faculty Publications

This paper analyzes the socio-cultural dimensions of obstacles facing solar photovoltaic projects in two villages in rural Nepal. The study was conducted in Humla District, Nepal, one of the most remote and impoverished regions of the country. There are no roads in the district, homes lack running water and villagers’ health suffers from high levels of indoor air pollution from open cooking/heating fires and the smoky torches traditionally burned for light. The introduction of solar energy is important to these villagers, as it removes one major source of indoor air pollution from homes and provides brighter light than the traditional …

Psc 501.01: Public Administration, Jeffrey Greene

University of Montana Course Syllabi

No abstract provided.

Montana Kaimin, January 27, 2010, Students Of The University Of Montana, Missoula

Montana Kaimin, 1898-present

Student newspaper of the University of Montana, Missoula.

Linking Environmental Nutrient Enrichment And Disease Emergence In Humans And Wildlife, Pieter T. J. Johnson, Alan R. Townsend, Cory C. Cleveland, Patricia M. Glibert, Robert W. Howarth, Valerie J. Mckenzie, Eliska Rejmankova, Mary H. Ward

Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences Faculty Publications

Worldwide increases in human and wildlife diseases have challenged ecologists to understand how large-scale environmental changes affect host–parasite interactions. One of the most profound changes to Earth's ecosystems is the alteration of global nutrient cycles, including those of phosphorus (P) and especially nitrogen (N). Along with the obvious direct benefits of nutrient application for food production, anthropogenic inputs of N and P can indirectly affect the abundance of infectious and noninfectious pathogens. The mechanisms underpinning observed correlations, however, and how such patterns vary with disease type, have long remained conjectural. Here, we highlight recent experimental advances to critically evaluate the …

Merits And Limits Of Ecosystem Protection For Conserving Wild Salmon In A Northern Coastal British Columbia River, Aaron C. Hill, Thomas S. Bansak, Bonnie K. Ellis, Jack Arthur Stanford

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Loss and degradation of freshwater habitat reduces the ability of wild salmon populations to endure other anthropogenic stressors such as climate change, harvest, and interactions with artificially propagated fishes. Preservation of pristine salmon rivers has thus been advocated as a cost-effective way of sustaining wild Pacific salmon populations. We examine the value of freshwater habitat protection in conserving salmon and fostering resilience in the Kitlope watershed in northern coastal British Columbia—a large (3186 km²) and undeveloped temperate rainforest ecosystem with legislated protected status. In comparison with other pristine Pacific Rim salmon rivers we studied, the Kitlope is characterized …

Functional Convergence In Reduced Genomes Of Bacterial Symbionts Spanning 200 My Of Evolution, John P. Mccutcheon, Nancy A. Moran

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

The main genomic changes in the evolution of host-restricted microbial symbionts are ongoing inactivation and loss of genes combined with rapid sequence evolution and extreme structural stability; these changes reflect high levels of genetic drift due to small population sizes and strict clonality. This genomic erosion includes irreversible loss of genes in many functional categories and can include genes that underlie the nutritional contributions to hosts that are the basis of the symbiotic association. Candidatus Sulcia muelleri is an ancient symbiont of sap-feeding insects and is typically coresident with another bacterial symbiont that varies among host subclades. Previously sequenced Sulcia …

Are Forested Buffers An Effective Conservation Strategy For Riparian Fauna? An Assessment Using Meta-Analysis, Laurie B. Marczak, Takashi Sakamaki, Shannon L. Turvey, Isabelle Deguise, Sylvia L. R. Wood, John S. Richardson

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Historically, forested riparian buffers have been created to provide protection for aquatic organisms and aquatic ecosystem functions. Increasingly, new and existing riparian buffers are being used also to meet terrestrial conservation requirements. To test the effectiveness of riparian buffers for conserving terrestrial fauna, we conducted a meta-analysis using published data from 397 comparisons of species abundance in riparian buffers and unharvested (reference) riparian sites. The response of terrestrial species to riparian buffers was not consistent between taxonomic groups; bird and arthropod abundances were significantly greater in buffers relative to unharvested areas, whereas amphibian abundance decreased. Edge-preferring species were more abundant …

Ranches With Wolves: How Straight Talk Is The Salvation Of Open Range In The Northern Rockies, James Wilson Grant

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

Since U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service reintroduced gray wolves into Yellowstone National Park and central Idaho in 1995 and 1996, conflicts between wolves and livestock have increased as the wolf population has grown and expanded. Ranchers in wolf country face a changing ecology that now includes wolves as a keystone predator, and failing to adapt to the change has meant hard losses for some ranchers. In other cases, ranchers have found ways to compensate for the reintroduced predator. These ranching situations, both the unchanged and the changed, offer lessons to livestock producers who can anticipate wolves becoming part of the …

Human Predation Risk And Elk Behavior In Heterogeneous Landscapes, Shawn M. Cleveland

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

Elk (Cervus elaphus) are increasing in fragmented landscapes that result from exurban human development throughout western North America. This problem is increasing human-wildlife conflicts and represents a significant new challenge to wildlife managers. Elk hunting must be intensively managed, if allowed at all, to reduce public relations problems. For example, the Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife & Parks has focused three hunts on a rapidly growing (~11% annually) elk herd in the wildland-urban interface (WUI) of Missoula, Montana, USA. Their goals were to reduce population growth rate, crop depredation, and habituation to humans. However, little was known about the indirect …

Short-Term Effects Of Wildfire On Sierra Nevada Bighorn Sheep Habitat Ecology, Lacey Greene

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

We studied changes in vegetation and habitat selection by endangered Sierra Nevada bighorn sheep (Ovis candensis sierrae; hereafter Sierra bighorn) for 2 years following wildfire on winter ranges in eastern California. We hypothesized that wildfire would change both forage availability and predation risk. Green forage biomass on Sierra bighorn winter ranges rebounded quickly from wildfire. Within 2 years green forage biomass was equal in burned and unburned areas, although total forage biomass was greater in unburned areas. Plants in the burn had 3% greater crude protein but equivalent digestibility and phenology. Forage composition in burned areas was forb dominated compared …

Summer Wolf Diet In Northwestern Montana, Jonathan Derbridge

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

Wolf (Canis lupus) diet can be estimated from undigested remains of prey in scats or through stable isotope analysis (SIA) of wolf hair when distinct δ13C and δ15N values of potential diet sources are known. Our objectives were to compare diet analysis methods, to estimate intra-population diet variability, and to determine proportions of prey consumed by wolves. We collected scats of 4 wolf packs in northwestern Montana from June to August 2008, and guard hairs of 45 wolves from 12 packs, May to August 2009. We calculated percent biomass consumed of deer (Odocoileus spp.), elk (Cervus canadensis), moose (Alces alces), …

Resource Selection And Abundance Estimation Of Moose: Implications For Caribou Recovery In A Human Altered Landscape, Wibke Peters

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

Woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) are threatened across Canada due to human disturbance altering predator-prey dynamics. The niche specialization of caribou enables them to survive in nutrient-poor habitats spatially separated from other ungulates and their shared predators. The conversion of old-growth forests to young seral stands is hypothesized to increase the abundance of moose (Alces alces), the dominant prey for wolves (Canis lupus), resulting in apparent competition. We first examined habitat selection of moose in 2 regions with differing intensities of human disturbance in west-central Alberta and east-central British Columbia to assess how human disturbance affects the spatial separation of …

Evaluation Of A Cognitive-Behavioral Mood Management Intervention For Depressed College Smokers, Holly E. Schleicher

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

College smoking correlates positively with depressive symptoms, and given the relation between smoking and mood regulation, cigarette smoking is a major health concern among depressed college smokers. This randomized clinical trial examined smoking reduction and cessation among college smokers with elevated depressive symptoms participating in a group-based multi-component intervention including mood management, behavioral counseling, and motivational enhancement (CBT). Fifty-eight smokers (smoked 6 or more days in the past 30) were randomized to six sessions of the experimental intervention (n = 29) or a nutrition-focused attention-matched control group (CG; n = 29). Relative to CG participants, a significantly greater proportion of …

Assessing Cumulative Human Impacts On Northern Woodland Caribou With Traditional Ecological Knowledge And Resource Selection Functions, Jean Lieppert Polfus

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

Woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) are federally listed and declining across Canada because of the cumulative impacts of human infrastructure development. The Atlin northern mountain herd, in the territory of the Taku River Tlingit First Nation (TRTFN), British Columbia, is less affected by development than southern herds. However, recent low productivity in this herd suggests that the impacts of development (i.e., roads, mines, cabins and towns) may be accumulating. To predict the cumulative impact of human development on the Atlin herd, we developed seasonal resource selection functions (RSF) at 2 spatial scales with data from 10 global positioning system collared …

Elemental Stoichiometry Of Freshwater Hyporheic Microorganisms, Alejandra Valenzuela

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

The work presented herein is part of the Microbial Observatory Project in the Nyack Floodplain. The Nyack Valley Floodplain is a glacier-carved floodplain in the Middle Fork of the Flathead River on the south west border of Glacier National Park and north of the Great Bear Wilderness in northwest Montana. The study focuses on the bacterial diversity including elemental stoichiometry along a hyporheic flowpath underlying the Nyack floodplain. We isolated and characterized 44 bacterial strains, sampled microbial biofilm communities across the floodplain, characterized the bacterial isolates and determined elemental ratios (C:N:P). We tested the hypothesis that while the elemental stoichiometry …

Vision 2010

Vision

No abstract provided.

Catechin, A Novel Root Exudate Of Centaurea Stoebe, Exhibits Pleiotropic Effects On The Soil Microbial Community And Individual Soil Isolates, And Undergoes Chemical Changes With Numerous Abiotic Factors From Soil, Jarrod Leroy Pollock

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

Allelopathy has been studied for (±)-catechin, a root exudate of spotted knapweed, as a plausible mechanism that facilitates knapweed invasion in North America. Phytotoxic effects are observed in invaded fields as well as greenhouse experiments when employing catechin or growing spotted knapweed, demonstrating similar effects on native plant species. However, many studies ignore the impact of catechin on microbial populations in soil. Understanding the impact of catechin on microbial processes will greatly aid our understanding of how spotted knapweed invasion can alter soil chemistry and biological processes. Chapter 2 will address the impact of soil and media parameters on catechin …

Are Black Bears Declining In Montana? Inference From Multiple Data Sources In The Face Of Uncertainty, Julie Ann Beston

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

Carnivores are managed both to maintain populations and reduce conflict with humans, but data-based decision-making is difficult due to the expense of data collection. When new fieldwork is impossible, we can benefit from available data in assessing populations. I used demographic and harvest data to assess the population status of black bears (Ursus americanus) in Montana.

I conducted a hierarchical Bayesian meta-analysis of black bear demographic studies to evaluate geographic structuring and estimate vital rates and population growth rate. Adult survival is higher in the west than the east, but the reverse is true for fecundity. The mean …

Camas, Winter 2010

Camas

Photographs / David Estrada -- Photographs / Doug Davis -- Photographs / Beth Gibson -- Illustrations / Katherine Molter -- Photography / Skyler Suhrer, Bailey Edelstein, Jayme Feary, Doug Connelly -- Palimpsest / George English Brooks -- Was Not / Rose Postma -- Fourth of July / Molly Damm -- Western / Brett Defries -- A Day is a Lifetime / Charlotte Beard -- Her Willapa July / Maya Jewell Zeller -- How to Draw an Albino Coyote / Sherry O'Keefe -- The Banana Slug on the Totem Pole / Robert Michael Pyle -- The River, On the Rising Tide …

The Skinny On Weight Watchers: A Critical Analysis Of Weight Watcher's Use Of Metaphors, Ashlynn Laura Reynolds-Dyk

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

Founded in 1961, with 1.5 million people from around the world attending meetings every week today, Weight Watchers has become a socially and economically significant weight loss organization with the potential to affect the lives of many people. With that in mind, this study describes and analyzes the rhetorical strategies of Weight Watchers. More specifically, this study depicts the metaphors used by Weight Watchers to describe its 2009 program, the Momentum Program. Which metaphors are used, how those metaphors function to create a reality for dieters, how those metaphors produce and filter meaning, and the actions those metaphors encourage and …