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Developmental Stress In Birds: Phenotypic And Fitness, Ondi L. Crino

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

The environment animals experience during development can have important effects on phenotype, performance, and fitness across multiple life-history stages. Environmental cues experienced during development can provide information to animals about the environment they will soon inhabit and promote phenotypic changes which affect fitness. Increasing evidence suggests that physiological stress may be one such cue that conveys environmental information to developing animals. Here, I explore the short- and long-term consequences of developmental stress in captive and free-living birds. In chapter one, I explore the effects of developmental stress on body size and physiological stress responses across life-history stages in zebra finches …

Shifts In Caribou Calving Habitat And Space-Use, Daniella Johanna Dekelaita

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

The woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) population in Newfoundland has been declining since the mid-1990s, and will likely continue to decline into the foreseeable future. This decrease in numbers has been accompanied by a large drop in recruitment. Predation is the primary cause of caribou calf mortality in Newfoundland, and since 2003, >80% of radio-collared calves died within the first 6 months of life. Two Newfoundland herds also have shifted their calving grounds over the past 15 to 20 years. Our objective was to investigate why these shifts have occurred. We analyzed female telemetry locations spanning 29 years, to delineate …

Montana Kaimin, November 14, 2012, Students Of The University Of Montana, Missoula

Montana Kaimin, 1898-present

Student newspaper of the University of Montana, Missoula.

Montana Kaimin, October 9, 2012, Students Of The University Of Montana, Missoula

Montana Kaimin, 1898-present

Student newspaper of the University of Montana, Missoula. Page 7 is missing.

Montana Business Quarterly, Fall 2012, University Of Montana--Missoula. Bureau Of Business And Economic Research

Montana Business Quarterly, 1949-2021

This is an academic publication produced by the Bureau of Business and Economic Research (BBER) at the University of Montana’s College of Business. This is volume 50, number 3.

The Importance Of Host Plant Limitation For Caterpillars Of An Arctiid Moth (Platyprepia Virginalis) Varies Spatially, Richard Karban, Patrick Grof-Tisza, John L. Maron, Marcel Holyoak

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Spatial dynamic theories such as source–sink models frequently describe habitat-specific demographies, yet there are surprisingly few field studies that have examined how and why interacting species vary in their dynamics across multiple habitat types. We studied the spatial pattern of interaction between a chewing herbivore and its primary larval host plant in two habitat types. We found that the interaction between an arctiid caterpillar (Platyprepia virginalis) and its host (Lupinus arboreus) differed in wet vs. upland dry habitats, as did yearly population dynamics for the caterpillar. In upland sites, there was a strong positive relationship between …

Oxygen Glucose Deprivation In Rat Hippocampal Slice Cultures Results In Alterations In Carnitine Homeostasis And Mitochondrial Dysfunction, Thomas Rau, Qing Lu, Shruti Sharma, Xutong Sun, Gregory Leary, Matthew L. Beckman, Yal Hou, Mark S. Wainwright, Michael P. Kavanaugh, David J. Poulsen, Stephen M. Black

Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty Publications

Mitochondrial dysfunction characterized by depolarization of mitochondrial membranes and the initiation of mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis are pathological responses to hypoxia-ischemia (HI) in the neonatal brain. Carnitine metabolism directly supports mitochondrial metabolism by shuttling long chain fatty acids across the inner mitochondrial membrane for beta-oxidation. Our previous studies have shown that HI disrupts carnitine homeostasis in neonatal rats and that L-carnitine can be neuroprotective. Thus, this study was undertaken to elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which HI alters carnitine metabolism and to begin to elucidate the mechanism underlying the neuroprotective effect of L-carnitine (LCAR) supplementation. Utilizing neonatal rat hippocampal slice cultures we …

Psci 501.01: Public Administration, Jeffrey D. Greene

University of Montana Course Syllabi

No abstract provided.

Nutr 411.01: Nutrition For Sports And Exercise, Charles L. Dumke

University of Montana Course Syllabi

No abstract provided.

July 2012 News Releases, University Of Montana--Missoula. Office Of University Relations

University of Montana News Releases, 1928, 1956-present

No abstract provided.

Substrate Use And Biochemical Response To A 3,211-Km Bicycle Tour In Trained Cyclists, Dustin R. Slivka, Charles Dumke, Walter S. Hailes, John S. Cuddy, Brent Ruby

Integrative Physiology and Athletic Training Faculty Publications

The purpose of this study was to assess the physiological adaptations in physically fit individuals to a period of intensified training. Ten trained males cycled outdoors ~170 km day⁻¹ on 19 out of 21 days. Expired gas was collected on days 1 and 21 during maximal graded exercise and used for the determination of gross efficiency and whole body substrate use. Muscle biopsies were obtained before and after exercise on days 2 and 22 for the determination of mtDNA/gDNA ratio, gene expression, metabolic enzyme activity and glycogen use. Muscle glycogen before and after exercise, fat oxidation, and gross efficiency …

Overview Of Rural Health, Vincent Francisco, Craig Ravesloot Ph.D., University Of Montana Rural Institute

Independent Living and Community Participation

Ultimately, the challenge of health care reform is the challenge of building community (Shortell et al., 1996). It makes little sense to discuss health without also discussing environment. Environments may be toxic physical environments due to pollution, noise and crime, or toxic social environments that promote health risk behavior like smoking and sedentary living. Alternatively, environments may be constructed to promote health behavior (e.g., physical activity) or reduce health risks (e.g., indoor smoking policy). In either case, the population’s health status is shaped by their environment. Rural people are less healthy than urban people (Institute of Medicine, 2005). Rural environments …

Montana Kaimin, March 7, 2012, Students Of The University Of Montana, Missoula

Montana Kaimin, 1898-present

Student newspaper of the University of Montana, Missoula.

Why Are Caribou Declining In The Oil Sands?, Stan Boutin, Mark S. Boyce, Mark Hebblewhite

Wildlife Biology Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Montana Kaimin, February 22, 2012, Students Of The University Of Montana, Missoula

Montana Kaimin, 1898-present

Student newspaper of the University of Montana, Missoula.

Montana Kaimin, February 9, 2012, Students Of The University Of Montana, Missoula

Montana Kaimin, 1898-present

Student newspaper of the University of Montana, Missoula.

Montana Kaimin, February 3, 2012, Students Of The University Of Montana, Missoula

Montana Kaimin, 1898-present

Student newspaper of the University of Montana, Missoula.

February 2012 News Releases, University Of Montana--Missoula. Office Of University Relations

University of Montana News Releases, 1928, 1956-present

No abstract provided.

Mood Management Intervention For College Smokers With Elevated Depressive Symptoms: A Pilot Study, Holly E. Schleicher, Kari J. Harris, Duncan G. Campbell, Solomon W. Harrar

Public and Community Health Sciences Faculty Publications

Objective

This pilot study examined smoking reduction and cessation among college smokers with elevated depressive symptomatology participating in a group-based behavioral counseling, mood management, and motivational enhancement combined intervention (CBT).

Participants & Methods

Fifty-eight smokers (smoked ≥ 6 days in the past 30) were randomized to six sessions of CBT (n=29) or a nutrition-focused attention-matched control group (CG, n=29).

Results

Relative to CG participants, significantly more CBT participants reduced smoking intensity by 50% (χ2(1, N=58)=4.86, p=.028) at end of treatment. Although CBT participants maintained smoking reductions at 3- and 6-month follow-up, group differences were no longer significant. No group differences …

An At Mutational Bias In The Tiny Gc-Rich Endosymbiont Genome Of Hodgkinia, James T. Van Leuven, John Mccutcheon

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

The fractional guanine + cytosine (GC) contents of sequenced bacterial genomes range from 13% to 75%. Despite several decades of research aimed at understanding this wide variation, the forces controlling GC content are not well understood. Recent work has suggested that a universal adenine + thymine (AT) mutational bias exists in all bacteria and that the elevated GC contents found in some bacterial genomes is due to genome-wide selection for increased GC content. These results are generally consistent with the low GC contents observed in most strict endosymbiotic bacterial genomes, where the loss of DNA repair mechanisms combined with the …

Registered Dietitians' Service To Group Homes For Adults With Developmental Disabilities, Kathleen Humphries, L. Rosenzweig, P. Cushing, R. Licitra, University Of Montana Rural Institute

Independent Living and Community Participation

An online survey of registered dietitians was conducted to characterize their professional activities for providers of residential services for adults with intellectual or developmental disabilities (IDD) in the United States. The goal of the survey was to characterize the nutrition services delivered in community based group homes and the registered dietitians performing them. Forty-nine RDs responded fully to the survey, indicating significant hours spent providing consultation on food service, clinical dietetics, staff training, dietary monitoring and administrative nutrition services. The most common services are conducting nutritional assessments of residents and providing direct service in the form of menus for the …

Amur Tiger Predation And Energetic Requirements In The Russian Far East: New Insights From Global Positioning System Collars, Clayton Steele Miller

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

The IUCN Red List has classified all subspecies of tigers (Panthera tigris) as endangered with prey depletion being widely recognized as one of the primary drivers of tiger declines. Due to substantial energetic requirements, tigers can only survive and reproduce in areas with healthy prey populations. This may be particularly important for Amur tigers (P. t. altaica) in the Russian Far East, living at the northern limits and with the lowest prey densities of any tiger population. Few studies have been able to rigorously investigate annual prey requirements for any tiger population. We deployed Global Positioning System (GPS) collars on …

Soci 191s.01: Food And Society In A Globalized World, Teresa R. Sobieszczyk

University of Montana Course Syllabi

No abstract provided.

Effects Of Host Stored Resources On Bark Beetle-Fungal-Conifer Interactions, Eleanor Carol Lahr

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

Bark beetles and their associated fungi are among the greatest natural threats to conifers worldwide, but the degree to which host stored resources influence tree-beetle-fungal interactions has not been investigated. In western North America, the range of the mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae) has expanded from lower elevation Pinus contorta (lodgepole pine) forests into high elevation Pinus albicaulis (whitebark pine), a presumed superior host. I investigated whether stored resources in tree sapwood change after D. ponderosae attack, and whether this change relates to fungal colonization and beetle performance. I also studied how phloem and sapwood resources vary with elevation and …

Examination Of Scavenging Associated With Wolves, Jamie Bankaitis

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

Forensic anthropologists often confront external influences on a body, whether they are human, animal, or environmental. One of the major and most common confounding factors for forensic anthropologists is animal scavenging and the damage this inflicts on the skeleton. The types of scavengers present vary from region to region, and in the Northwest, large carnivores such as bears, mountain lions, and canids are abundant. These types of carnivores can not only inflict incredible trauma to a skeleton, they can also disperse the remains over very large areas, making it difficult for forensic teams to recover all of the skeletal elements …

Spectral Identification Of Wild Rice (Zizania Palustris L.) Using Indigenous Knowledge And Landsat Multispectral Data, Michael Wassegijig Price

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

Landsat-7 ETM+ (SLC-off) multispectral satellite imagery was tested to identify and delineate natural stands of wild rice (Zizania palustris L.) from other aquatic vegetation growing on area lakes of the Leech Lake Native American reservation in northern Minnesota. Leech Lake is located within the Mississippi River Headwaters drainage ecosystem and contains some of the largest natural stands of wild rice in the country. Local indigenous knowledge; in this case, the knowledge of Ojibwe tribal elders who have traditionally harvested wild rice by canoe for centuries, was utilized to build training data polygons for a supervised classification. By testing several supervised …

Subjective Quality Of Life In Dialysis Patients, Cindy Schaumberg

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

With the ever increasing ability of medical technology to prolong life, quality of life is an increasingly legitimate medical outcome. This is an ethnographic study on the perceived quality of life of hemodialysis dependent end stage renal disease patients. The study used participant observations and in-depth patient interviews to elicit the perspective of hemodialysis dependent end stage renal disease patients. Findings addressed the utility of dialysis for patients of, patient values leading to renal replacement therapy, and issues that might make patients perceive treatment as futile.

What Predicts Terrestrial Invertebrate Subsidy Use By Brook Trout (Salvelinus Fontinalis) In Headwater Streams?, Matthew Kestrel Wilson

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

Spatial subsidies provide critical resources for organisms in receiving habitats, particularly when production in those habitats is low. While it is clear that terrestrial invertebrates provide a critical subsidy for trout, including eastern brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis), we have limited understanding of what causes input and use of these subsidies to vary among streams. Among the watershed characteristics that may influence input and use of terrestrial invertebrates, I predicted that forest succession stage would be especially important due to differences in terrestrial invertebrate biomass in early and late successional habitats. To test this prediction, I measured terrestrial invertebrate biomass, input …

Effect Of Lower Limb Compression (Normatec) On Glycogen Resynthesis, Nathan Alan Keck

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of pneumatic compression pants on post-exercise glycogen resynthesis. Methods: Active male subjects (n=10) completed two trials consisting of a 90-minute glycogen depleting ride, followed by 4 hours of recovery with either a pneumatic compression device (PCD) or passive recovery (PR) in a random counterbalanced order. A carbohydrate beverage (1.8 g.kg-1 bodyweight) was provided at 0 and 2 hours post exercise. Muscle biopsies (vastus lateralis) were obtained immediately and 4 hours post exercise for glycogen analyses. Blood samples were collected throughout recovery to measure glucose and insulin. Eight finger stick …

Mountain Pine Beetle Outbreaks In High Elevation Whitebark Pine Forests: The Effects Of Tree Host Species And Blister Rust Infection Severity On Beetle Productivity, Edith Mary Dooley

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

In recent years, the mountain pine beetle (MPB, Dendroctonus ponderosae) has caused dramatic levels of mortality of whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis). This keystone and foundation tree species is also being killed by the exotic fungus, Cronartium ribicola, which causes the disease white pine blister rust (WPBR). This study examines MPB productivity in whitebark pine compared to that in lodgepole pine, and also in whitebark pine of varying WPBR infection severities to determine if either of these host factors contributes to the current, dramatic MPB outbreaks in whitebark pine. To evaluate host tree effects on MPB, I tracked attack densities, emergence …