Digital Commons Network^™

Novel Weapons: Invasive Plant Suppresses Fungal Mutualists In America But Not In Its Native Europe, Ragan M. Callaway, Don Cipollini, Kathryn Barto, Giles C. Thelen, Steven G. Hallett, Daniel Prati, Kristina Stinson, John Klironomos

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Why some invasive plant species transmogrify from weak competitors at home to strong competitors abroad remains one of the most elusive questions in ecology. Some evidence suggests that disproportionately high densities of some invaders are due to the release of biochemicals that are novel, and therefore harmful, to naïve organisms in their new range. So far, such evidence has been restricted to the direct phytotoxic effects of plants on other plants. Here we found that one of North America's most aggressive invaders of undisturbed forest understories, Alliaria petiolata (garlic mustard) and a plant that inhibits mycorrhizal fungal mutualists of North …

Montana Kaimin, March 20, 2008, Students Of The University Of Montana, Missoula

Montana Kaimin, 1898-present

Student newspaper of the University of Montana, Missoula.

C&I 427.01: Literary Strategies For The Middle And Secondary School Content Areas, Steven Kalling

University of Montana Course Syllabi, 1990-2010

No abstract provided.

C&I 496.00: Independent Study / Early Childhood Learning Environments, Susan Harper-Whalen

University of Montana Course Syllabi, 1990-2010

No abstract provided.

C&I 596.00: Independent Study / Early Childhood Learning Environments, Susan Harper-Whalen

University of Montana Course Syllabi, 1990-2010

No abstract provided.

Mgmt 458.02: Advanced Entrepreneurship Seminar, Michael R. Braun

University of Montana Course Syllabi, 1990-2010

No abstract provided.

Phar 506.01: Professional Practice Management - Laboratory, Lisa C. Barnes, Kimberly A. Madsen, Genine Thormahlen, Lisa Wrobel, Kerry J. Haney

University of Montana Course Syllabi, 1990-2010

No abstract provided.

Mgmt 458.01: Advanced Entrepreneurship Seminar, Jeffrey P. Shay, Michael R, Braun

University of Montana Course Syllabi, 1990-2010

No abstract provided.

Psc 501.01: Public Administration, Jeffrey D. Greene

University of Montana Course Syllabi

No abstract provided.

Mba 458.01: Advanced Entrepreneurship Seminar, Michael R. Braun

University of Montana Course Syllabi, 1990-2010

No abstract provided.

C&I 594.00: Introduction To Low-Incidence And Severe Disabilities, Ann N. Garfinkle

University of Montana Course Syllabi, 1990-2010

No abstract provided.

Research View, Winter 2008

Research View

Contents of this issue include:

Yellowstone's Lost Town: UM researchers unearth Cinnabar

An Icy Adventure: Scientists track Greenland meltwater

Treating Trauma: New UM center offers healing tools for Indian Country

Physical Therapy: New Directions: Combining health with research

The Methane Range: Coalbed Methane Development, Sage-Grouse Protection, And The Ranching Way Of Life, Jonathan George Hayes

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

Coalbed methane development has proliferated across much of the western United States. Campbell County, Wyoming, in the Powder River Basin is one area that has seem some of the highest amounts of this development, most of it occurring on land where the surface use is livestock grazing, resulting in conflicts over resource use. This thesis takes a grounded theory approach to understanding the meaning that the ranchers that operate on this land have attached to this development. In doing so, this paper argues that these ranchers form opinions and attitudes based on how CBM has affected “the ranching way of …

Zooxanthellae, Christine Bown

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

No abstract provided.

Adolescent Mothers: The Space Between What They Know And What They Do, Nicole Catherine Mccray

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

Although the current rate of teen pregnancy in the United States is at a historic low (Martin et al., 2007), there are a number of risk factors associated with early parenthood. Adolescent parenthood is often embedded in a larger context of risk such as poverty, single parenthood, low educational attainment, a history of physical and emotional abuse, and engagement in risky behavior (Hans & Wakschlag, 2000). As parents, adolescent mothers tend to be less knowledgeable about child development, less stimulating in interactions with infants, less tolerant, and more punitive with punishment (Brooks-Gunn & Furstenberg, 1986). The children of adolescent mothers …

Building The Case For Delivery Of Health Promotion Services Within The Vocational Rehabilitation, Catherine Adele Ipsen

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

The majority of wellness programs are offered at the worksite to full-time employees. Research about these programs indicates that participating employees experience improved health and work-related outcomes, and that outcomes are exaggerated for workers with multiple health risk factors.

People who are not employed or are underemployed cannot access health promotion services at the worksite. This is a significant barrier for people with physical disability because they experience lower rates of employment and higher rates of secondary health conditions than the general population.

Compromised health reduces the probability of full-time employment. Secondary health issues such as pain, depression, anxiety, fatigue, …

Monitoring Individual Training Load And Stress During Practices And Match-Play In Female Collegiate Soccer Players, Ian Richard Marshall

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

It is important for coaches and athletes to monitor training load in order to better simulate match-play and also to recover between training and matches. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to test techniques for monitoring practice and match-play stress and load in female collegiate soccer players and compare them to each other as well as to subjective athletes’ assessment. Methods: Eleven female collegiate soccer players were monitored during practices and match-play during their spring season. Subjects wore Actiheart® combined accelerometer and heart rate (HR) monitors throughout practices and match-play. Practice and match-play load was quantified in training impulses …

Redeveloping A Montana Food Processing Industry: The Role Of Food Innovation Centers, Jessica Babcock

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

Montana produces a staggering amount of food crops, yet the state struggles to enjoy the fruits of this abundance. The majority of Montana crops and livestock are shipped out of state as raw commodities, a practice that retains very little of the added value of the crop. Processing these crops within the state would help retain more of their value; however, Montana’s food processing industry has undergone changes that have resulted in decreased availability of food processing facilities and services to agricultural growers and producers. Over the past 70 years, there has been a simultaneous decline in decentralized food manufacturing …

"Blackfeet Belong To The Mountains": Blackfeet Relationships With The Glacier National Park Landscape And Institution, David R. Craig

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

National Parks are home to many landscapes of great significance to Native American peoples. The eastern half of Glacier National Park is considered a homeland by the Blackfeet people, and has historically been very important to their material, cultural, and spiritual well-being. This relationship, like those of many other Native peoples, has been severely disrupted by the establishment and presence of the national park, resulting in prolonged conflict between tribes and parks. Blackfeet relationships with this cultural landscape require interaction and engagement in order to realize the full extent of its benefits. Often, these practices serve distinct material needs, however, …

Sex-Specific Investment In Incubation And The Reproductive Biology Of Two Tropical Antbird Species, Brian A. Schwartz

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

Paternal care has been neglected in behavioral studies because it is rare among most animals. Birds express wide variation in male care across a broad life-history gradient, but such variation among species remains poorly explored. At the same time, contributions of male assistance with incubation have been largely overlooked with the assumption that incubation is a time of low parental energy expenditure. We compared male versus female biparental incubation effort between two tropical antbird species in the northern Andes of Venezuela. We found that males and females apportion reproductive effort differently between these two species, but that male contributions of …

Teachers' Perceptions Of First Nations, Metis And Inuit Students In Alberta Public School Classrooms, Wendell Blaine Hogg

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

This qualitative inquiry explored a grounded theory of leadership by examining the perceptions of classroom teachers regarding the First Nations students in their schools. The sample came from three schools in Southern Alberta Canada. Included, were 15 teachers of grades one through nine. Data were collected during two interviews. The first interview involved the teachers telling stories involving any of their students. The second interview consisted of the researcher asking specific questions that focused on the First Nations students in that particular teacher's classroom.

Three coding procedures were used in this study: (a) open coding, (b) axial coding and (c) …

Changes In Osteoarthritis Of The Elbow And Shoulder Joints In Women When Trasitioning From Hunting And Gathering To An Agricultural Subsistence, Kirsten Anne Green

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

Changes in bone morphology have always been a concern of physical anthropologists who are trying to explain a culture's everyday activity. These types of changes, including arthritic and musculoskeletal, are based on subjective observation of the researcher and therefore subject to observer error. I used three samples; the Indian Knoll sample, the Nutwood and Rosedale Mound sample, and a control sample from the Terry collection I was able to employ a scoring method based on Hawkey (1988). This current research uses the scoring method for arthritic changes in women to test for changes in patterns of distribution and/or severity when …

The Extravaganza Awaits, Kathryn Lorraine Rodriguez

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

Abstract The Extravaganza Awaits This paper addresses ideas in my thesis work, consisting of a series of paintings which evolved into installation. My ideas concern notions of spectacle, consumption of information, and self-gratifying selection. I lighten these ideas with humor and treat them with a carnivalesque aesthetic, appropriate to the absurdity that I see characteristic of them. Painting places the issues in a narrative context, but the story remains open- ended to allow the viewer to bring personal associations to the work. I specifically selected images of friends and family unfamiliar to the viewer and a lexicon of personal symbols …

Physical Activity Patterns In Missoula Youth, Laura Leigh Mohar

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Physical activity (PA) is a critical determinant of long term health and is necessary for the prevention of youth onset–adult diseases. It is recommended that all youth accumulate at least 60+ min of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) most days of the week in bouts lasting at least 10 min. PURPOSE: To evaluate the PA patterns of Missoula youth in order to make better recommendations for PA interventions for a wellness policy. METHODS: 324 elementary and middle school students from 5 schools wore accelerometers on their wrists for 5 days. The data were converted to activity …

Agricultural Certifications And Beekeeping: Lessons From An Apicultural Cooperative In Northeastern El Salvador, Central America, Jason Andrew Seagle

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

Beekeeping, and especially the production and sale of honey, is an on-farm diversification strategy that has significance to rural livelihoods in some of the most economically and environmentally marginalized regions of the world. Beekeeping also supports sustainable agriculture since it requires that vegetation and forest cover remain intact. However, the limited resources of beekeepers, including marketing constraints, make it difficult for them to realize the full value of their beekeeping enterprises. This professional paper focuses on the Eco-Morazán Cooperative in El Salvador as a case study to examine the costs, benefits and market potential of three types of certification schemes: …

Pre- And Post-Copulatory Sexual Selection In The Tortoise Beetle Acromis Sparsa (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), Paula Alejandra Trillo

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

Females in nearly all sexually reproducing taxa mate with multiple males. In these species, male fitness is dependent on traits used during both the pre-copulatory processes influencing mate acquisition, as well as the post-copulatory processes influencing fertilization. However, few studies have simultaneously examined pre- and post-copulatory sexual selection within a particular species, and we therefore have little understanding of how these processes interact to determine male reproductive success.

The objective of my study was to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the evolution of sexually selected traits by examining the interactions between pre- and post-copulatory processes in the tortoise beetle …

The Relationship Among Washington State County Commissioners Knowledge And Perceptions Of Washington State University Extension And Their Willingness To Fund Wsu Extension, James Hilmer Lindstrom

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

The study determined the relationship between perceptions that the Washington State county commissioners' hold of WSU Extension and their knowledge of WSU Extension. In addition, the study determined whether their perceptions, knowledge, and/or understanding of Extension are related to and thereby may have predictability to their willingness to provide the essential local funding to continue the educational programs Extension delivers. The study addressed the interest Washington State county commissioners/county council members have in funding WSU Extension, which directly affects the critical element of maximizing Extension's impact on society. As a publicly funded educational organization, WSU Extension faces an uncertain fiscal …

Lifelong Learning: The Integration Of Experiential Learning, Quality Of Life Work In Communities And Higher Education, Ann Harwood

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

This descriptive quantitative study examined preferences and choices by adult learners (leading edge baby boomers and older adults, ages 50-70), who were participants in Elderhostel international experiential programs and The University of Montana Alumni Association educational travel programs. The study investigated the preferences of the sample populations and their interests in making a career change in mid-life to work in a new career to help improve the quality of life in their community. The typologies of the respondents were compared with their interests to make career transitions to jobs to improve the quality of life in their communities. The study …

Untapped Resources: How Underdeveloped Gender Empowerment Constrains The Development Potential In Bangladesh, Taylor Michelle Cook

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

Gender empowerment is an oft-cited result of microfinance participation. However, research to verify this outcome continues to produce ambivalent results implying that microfinance programs are not maximizing their potential impact. While gender empowerment may be a desirable end to development, it is less often used as a means to achieve development goals. This paper tests the hypothesis that gender empowerment improves microfinance program performance using data from the Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee (BRAC) and a theoretical framework based on prevalent institutional ideologies. The results show that empowered clients have a higher likelihood of attaining desirable program outcomes. These results can …

Anthropometric Variation In California: A Study Of Native American Populations, Catherine R. Mahoney

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

Physical anthropologists study the patterns of human morphology to observe the influence of genetics and environment on cranial form. The following study compares cephalic and nasal index means from four Native American populations using modern statistical methods, including one-way ANOVA tests and Games-Howell comparison tests. The individuals used were of only Native American ancestry, over the age of seventeen when the data was collected, and were divided into male and female samples. The climatic conditions of each of the regions are compared to examine the relationship between the mean cranial and nasal indices and the environments in which the populations …