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Mortality Of Parental Mountain Plovers (Charadrius Montanus) During The Post-Hatching Stage, Victoria J. Dreitz
Mortality Of Parental Mountain Plovers (Charadrius Montanus) During The Post-Hatching Stage, Victoria J. Dreitz
Wildlife Biology Faculty Publications
Monitoring, management, and conservation of grassland birds are topics of importance because of widespread population declines. Annual estimates of survival are available for many species, however knowledge of how survival varies on a seasonal basis remains poor. Information on the relative effects of breeding, overwintering, and migratory periods on population dynamics is necessary for effective management. Mortality risks often vary with the stage of the breeding cycle. In precocial species, mortality risks of adult birds are often higher during post-hatching care than prehatching. Using a multistate modeling approach, I investigated the influence of both environmental characteristics, measured by habitat, and …
Building A Mechanistic Understanding Of Predation With Gps-Based Movement Data, Evelyn Merrill, Ha˚Kan Sand, Barbara Zimmermann, Heather Mcphee, Nathan Webb, Mark Hebblewhite, Peter Wabakken, Jacqueline L. Frair
Building A Mechanistic Understanding Of Predation With Gps-Based Movement Data, Evelyn Merrill, Ha˚Kan Sand, Barbara Zimmermann, Heather Mcphee, Nathan Webb, Mark Hebblewhite, Peter Wabakken, Jacqueline L. Frair
Biological Sciences Faculty Publications
Quantifying kill rates and sources of variation in kill rates remains an important challenge in linking predators to their prey. We address current approaches to using global positioning system (GPS)-based movement data for quantifying key predation components of large carnivores. We review approaches to identify kill sites from GPS movement data as a means to estimate kill rates and address advantages of using GPS-based data over past approaches. Despite considerable progress, modelling the probability that a cluster of GPS points is a kill site is no substitute for field visits, but can guide our field efforts. Once kill sites are …
Female Competition And The Role Of Testosterone In A Polygynous System, Lars Stefan Ekernas
Female Competition And The Role Of Testosterone In A Polygynous System, Lars Stefan Ekernas
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
Testosterone plays an important role in male competitive ability, and it may play a similar function in females. Female-female competition for resources is often associated with high testosterone, both within females and in comparison to males. Positive associations between testosterone and competition are most likely to be seen in systems with high female-female competition. Resource defense polygyny may be one such system since females congregate on high-quality nutrient sources, leading to substantial opportunities for interference competition. I studied female Grant’s gazelle (Nanger granti), a classic resource defense polygynous species, to investigate female competition and its relationship to testosterone. I found …
Gender, Body, And Wilderness: Searching For Refuge, Connection, And Ecological Belonging, Angela Marie Meyer
Gender, Body, And Wilderness: Searching For Refuge, Connection, And Ecological Belonging, Angela Marie Meyer
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
The purpose of this study was to explore, describe, and explain how people (gbtlq identified persons in particular) experience gender and body in wilderness settings. The motivations for this research include: the current context of gender and gender oppression in American society; the potential of wilderness experiences to offer different ways of being and escape from social constrictions; and gaps in the literature on gender and wilderness. A qualitative/interpretive approach was employed for this research which encompasses aspects of phenomenology, feminist methodology, and grounded theory. The results and analysis for this study yielded an analytical story about ecological belonging which …
Movements, Activity Range, Habitat Use, And Conservation Of The Jamaican (Yellow) Boa, Epicrates Subflavus, Erika Elise Miersma
Movements, Activity Range, Habitat Use, And Conservation Of The Jamaican (Yellow) Boa, Epicrates Subflavus, Erika Elise Miersma
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
The endemic Jamaican boa, Epicrates subflavus, was once common throughout Jamaica. This vulnerable species is now fragmented into small populations throughout the island due to habitat loss, introduced species, human persecution and poaching. Conservation of the boa requires knowledge of the basic ecology of the boa and education of local people. Jamaican boas were studied in the community of Windsor in Jamaica’s Cockpit Country. Radio telemetry was used to examine the movements, activity ranges, and habitat use of twelve boas. In addition, an outreach program was undertaken to combat human persecution and poaching. Male Jamaican boas moved greater distances per …
Quantification And Reduction Of Exposure To Residential Woodsmoke Particulate Matter, Megan Ann Bergauff
Quantification And Reduction Of Exposure To Residential Woodsmoke Particulate Matter, Megan Ann Bergauff
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
Particulate matter is released during combustion reactions and can be harmful to human health. One common source for human particulate matter exposure is through biomass burning, primarily from wildfires or stoves used for heating or cooking in the home. A method was developed for the analysis of seven selected chemical tracers of woodsmoke (levoglucosan, dehydroabietic acid, abietic acid, vanillin, acetovanillone, guaiacol, and 4-ethylguaiacol) in particulate matter. This method was used to analyze particulate matter collected in Libby, MT, a community where woodsmoke is the predominant component of the particulate matter, before, during, and after a woodstove changeout program. Ambient levels …
Short-Term Effects Of Wildfire On Sierra Nevada Bighorn Sheep Habitat Ecology, Lacey Greene
Short-Term Effects Of Wildfire On Sierra Nevada Bighorn Sheep Habitat Ecology, Lacey Greene
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
We studied changes in vegetation and habitat selection by endangered Sierra Nevada bighorn sheep (Ovis candensis sierrae; hereafter Sierra bighorn) for 2 years following wildfire on winter ranges in eastern California. We hypothesized that wildfire would change both forage availability and predation risk. Green forage biomass on Sierra bighorn winter ranges rebounded quickly from wildfire. Within 2 years green forage biomass was equal in burned and unburned areas, although total forage biomass was greater in unburned areas. Plants in the burn had 3% greater crude protein but equivalent digestibility and phenology. Forage composition in burned areas was forb dominated compared …
Subsistence Change And Emergent Social Inequality In An Early Complex Hunter-Gatherer Winter Village: A Zooarchaeological Assessment Of The Bridge River Site (Eerl4), Middle Fraser B.C., Eric S. Carlson
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
ABSTRACT Carlson, Eric S., M.A., Spring 2010 Anthropology Subsistence Change and Emergent Social Inequality in an Early Complex Hunter-Gatherer Winter Village: A Zooarchaeological Assessment of the Bridge River Site (EeRl4), Middle Fraser B.C. Chairperson: Dr. Anna Marie Prentiss Analyses of faunal material from the 2008 excavations at the Bridge River Site (EeRl4) show that reliance on stored anadromous salmon (Oncorhynchus sp.) remains the primary food staple from early occupations of the village (1550bp) until its abandonment (1100bp), and indeed intensifies through time. Second, taxonomic diversity in food resources declines through time, signifying a diachronic process of resource specialization. The presence …
Summer Wolf Diet In Northwestern Montana, Jonathan Derbridge
Summer Wolf Diet In Northwestern Montana, Jonathan Derbridge
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
Wolf (Canis lupus) diet can be estimated from undigested remains of prey in scats or through stable isotope analysis (SIA) of wolf hair when distinct δ13C and δ15N values of potential diet sources are known. Our objectives were to compare diet analysis methods, to estimate intra-population diet variability, and to determine proportions of prey consumed by wolves. We collected scats of 4 wolf packs in northwestern Montana from June to August 2008, and guard hairs of 45 wolves from 12 packs, May to August 2009. We calculated percent biomass consumed of deer (Odocoileus spp.), elk (Cervus canadensis), moose (Alces alces), …
A New Life In Montana: The Laotian Hmong -- Their History, Culture And American Journey, David A. Keightley
A New Life In Montana: The Laotian Hmong -- Their History, Culture And American Journey, David A. Keightley
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
Keightley, David, M.A., May 2010 History A New Life in Montana: The Laotian Hmong – Their History, Culture and American Journey Chairperson: Michael Mayer Following the end of the Vietnam War, hundreds of thousands of Vietnamese, Laotian and Cambodian refugees fled their homelands for America, where they started their lives over again. This paper examines the immigration of Hmong hill-tribesmen from Laos to the United States and their adjustment to a new life in America, particularly in the small community of Missoula Montana. How did they acculturate to such a very different environment from what they had known in Laos, …
The Syntax Of Temporal Interpretation In Embedded Clauses, Gustavo Ariel Guajardo
The Syntax Of Temporal Interpretation In Embedded Clauses, Gustavo Ariel Guajardo
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
In this thesis I argue that verbs in embedded clauses are temporally interpreted by being bound to the temporal arguments of AspP and VP in the matrix clause. I build up this claim by proposing that (i) Reichenbach’s relation of association can be expressed in terms of Binding Theory in the syntax, (ii) Tense is subject to different binding principles depending on its syntactic realization so that T in main clauses must be free (i.e., subject to Principle B) but in embedded clauses T must be bound (i.e., subject to Principle A), (iii) the Spanish present subjunctive is a tenseless …
The Use Of Tooth Pit And Tooth/Jaw Measurements To Identify Carnivore Taxa Responsible For Damage On Scavenged Bone, Jennifer L. Foust
The Use Of Tooth Pit And Tooth/Jaw Measurements To Identify Carnivore Taxa Responsible For Damage On Scavenged Bone, Jennifer L. Foust
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
Forensic anthropologists are often asked to analyze and interpret human remains that have been modified or damaged by predators and/or scavengers (White 2000; James et al. 2005; Dupras et al. 2006). The goal of this study is to determine whether it is possible to distinguish carnivore tooth mark characteristics from other carnivore tooth mark characteristics through two separate analyses: first by examination of tooth pitting and second from carnivore tooth and jaw measurements. This is accomplished by visual analysis and measurements of tooth pits left on faunal bones processed by an experimental wolf group as well as carnivore tooth and …
August Stream Discharge Trends Portend Impacts Of Climate Change In The Northern Rockies, Jason Christopher Leppi
August Stream Discharge Trends Portend Impacts Of Climate Change In The Northern Rockies, Jason Christopher Leppi
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
This thesis is composed of two potential professional papers written to be independent of each other. Both papers were written to explore changes in late summer discharge patterns across the Northern Rockies (NR). Water in the interior western United States is a vital resource and the demand for this resource has increased. Watersheds in the NR are mainly snowmelt dominated in that they depend on the seasonal flux of snow-melt during dry periods. During the summer months August is a critical time for aquatic ecosystems due to typical low discharge and warm air temperatures. During this period water temperatures can …
Acceptance Through Art And Technology: Learning, Linking And Creating Waves In The World From The Root Of Personal Culture, Tami Rene' Thomas Mehus
Acceptance Through Art And Technology: Learning, Linking And Creating Waves In The World From The Root Of Personal Culture, Tami Rene' Thomas Mehus
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
As an educator, my role is not only to teach academia, but to also create lessons that encourage personal growth. My goal is to help my students find a new interest or perspective on life, and gain greater self-awareness and appreciation. Initially the objective of my final creative project was to introduce the art form of photography and have my students explore and document personal culture. My students used epals.com to exchange their photographs with students from other countries to make cultural connections. I wanted this electronic exchange to exhibit differences and similarities my students shared with students across the …
Tertiary Sediments Of The Big Hole Valley And Pioneer Mountains, Southwestern Montana: Age, Provenance, And Tectonic Implications, Warren Paul Roe
Tertiary Sediments Of The Big Hole Valley And Pioneer Mountains, Southwestern Montana: Age, Provenance, And Tectonic Implications, Warren Paul Roe
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
Tertiary terrestrial sedimentary rocks of the Big Hole basin and Pioneer Mountains of southwestern Montana provide a record of regional extensional tectonism. Detailed observations of stratigraphy and sedimentology at widely scattered outcrops indicate the presence of paleosols, fine-grained debris flows, small alluvial channels, and rare fluvial deposits. U-Pb geochronology of detrital zircons and air-fall tuffs indicates the presence of Oligocene to Middle Miocene sedimentary rocks outcropping at the surface. Though the presence of detrital muscovite in several outcrops indicates derivation from the nearby 2-mica Chief Joseph pluton, a predicted ~75 Ma zircon population is not present: instead, a persistent peak …
Beginner's Mind: Teaching From A Position Of Not Knowing, Tara Lynn Sullivan
Beginner's Mind: Teaching From A Position Of Not Knowing, Tara Lynn Sullivan
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
Most students believe that their teachers are experts in all aspects of the field they teach in. In April of 2009 my drama students asked me to teach Commedia dell’Arte during the upcoming school year. I did have a strong knowledge of the subject but I decided to approach the project with a beginner’s mind and take a risk teaching a form of theatre I knew little about. Over the course of the school year, my students and I learned together. We researched the history, movement, and production elements of Commedia dell’Arte. The end result was a Commedia inspired performance …
Inbetween, Cathryn Sugg
Inbetween, Cathryn Sugg
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
“I work in the gap between art and life.” So said Robert Rauschenberg, of his own art, decades ago. Little did I know that my experiences in graduate school, and the translation of those experiences into artworks, would be defined by “gaps”: the physical gap of 450 miles, separating me from my husband, the intellectual gap representing the types of conversation I found myself engaging in, the illusive gaps between the different “roles” I have always used to define myself. In the past three years I developed an awareness of my social situation, during which I have found (and continue …
Recollection, Rebecca Gehres Weed
Recollection, Rebecca Gehres Weed
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
Recollect is an investigation of personal histories and myths relative to the experience of time and willful manipulation of said time. Depicted in the traditional medium of oil painting an autobiographical account is laid out. Not in chronological order, nor in any sense depicting actual events, these paintings are an attempt to identify and recreate distinguishing factors in my life. Acquiring a personal mythology is the prerogative of any and all people. History on a global scale has been written and rewritten under the influence of many factors. The factors that cause us to manipulate our own personal pasts are …
Resource Debate In Southwest Alaska: The Bristol Bay Fishery And The Pebble Mine, Ethan Jerome Gottschalk
Resource Debate In Southwest Alaska: The Bristol Bay Fishery And The Pebble Mine, Ethan Jerome Gottschalk
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
Bristol Bay, in Southwest Alaska, is the largest sockeye salmon fishery in the world. After an almost total collapse of salmon numbers in the mid 1970’s, the salmon have returned and average in the tens of millions every year. The salmon play a vital economic, cultural, and subsistence role in the lives of the people who call Bristol Bay home. At present there is a plan to develop a low-grade, but substantial, mineral deposit that consists primarily of copper, gold, and molybdenum. The estimated value of the minerals present is more than $500 billion. This plan is known as the …
Resource Selection And Abundance Estimation Of Moose: Implications For Caribou Recovery In A Human Altered Landscape, Wibke Peters
Resource Selection And Abundance Estimation Of Moose: Implications For Caribou Recovery In A Human Altered Landscape, Wibke Peters
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
Woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) are threatened across Canada due to human disturbance altering predator-prey dynamics. The niche specialization of caribou enables them to survive in nutrient-poor habitats spatially separated from other ungulates and their shared predators. The conversion of old-growth forests to young seral stands is hypothesized to increase the abundance of moose (Alces alces), the dominant prey for wolves (Canis lupus), resulting in apparent competition. We first examined habitat selection of moose in 2 regions with differing intensities of human disturbance in west-central Alberta and east-central British Columbia to assess how human disturbance affects the spatial separation of …
Ruffled Feathers: Shared Narratives In The Sage-Grouse Management Conflict In Sublette County, Wyoming, Maureen A. Essen
Ruffled Feathers: Shared Narratives In The Sage-Grouse Management Conflict In Sublette County, Wyoming, Maureen A. Essen
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
The tense conflict over sage grouse management in the West, where livelihoods have been pitted against the possibility of an endangered species listing, has been ongoing for many years and has been described as being as tense as the spotted owl conflict in the Northwest in the 1990s. This research is designed to highlight the different frames or narratives within the sage grouse debate in Sublette County, Wyoming while exploring a resurging research methodology. Q methodology, a method intended to identify distinct viewpoints within a sample was employed to understand the different narratives among these conflict parties. The Q method …
Rooted: A New Generation Of Farmers And Ranchers In Montana, Beth Jeannette Gibson
Rooted: A New Generation Of Farmers And Ranchers In Montana, Beth Jeannette Gibson
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
Rooted tells the stories of a new generation of farmers and ranchers in Montana through still photography and written profiles; the project is the result of 13 site visits and interviews. I define “new farmer†as a person operating their own agricultural business for 10 years or fewer, though this definition gets blurred and complicated when referring to people who return to their family’s farm or ranch. Admittedly, this project features only a few of the beginning farmers and ranchers in Montana. My intention is not to provide an exhaustive study of the next generation of farmers and ranchers in …
Managing The National Forests Through Place-Based Legislation, Martin Nie, Michael Fiebig
Managing The National Forests Through Place-Based Legislation, Martin Nie, Michael Fiebig
Society and Conservation Faculty Publications
The resolution of multiple use conflicts through place-based (national forest-specific) legislation has recently received increased interest. Most of these proposals combine wilderness designation, restoration objectives, economic development, funding arrangements, and other provisions, in a conservation package to be considered by Congress. Interest in the place-based legislative approach is precipitated by numerous factors, including perceptions of agency gridlock, problems related to forest planning, unresolved roadless and wilderness issues, and the embrace of collaboration. Though the national forests have a more unified governing framework than other federal land systems, the U.S. Forest Service has implemented place-based legislation in a few cases. This …
Influence Of Prion Protein Expression On Function Of Excitatory Amino Acid Transporters In Mouse Primary Astrocytes, Melissa Selvy Pathmajeyan
Influence Of Prion Protein Expression On Function Of Excitatory Amino Acid Transporters In Mouse Primary Astrocytes, Melissa Selvy Pathmajeyan
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
Prion protein (PrP) is expressed on a wide variety of cells and plays an important role in the pathogenesis of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies. However, its normal function remains unclear. Mice that do not express PrP exhibit deficits in spatial memory and abnormalities in excitatory neurotransmission suggestive that PrP may function in the glutamatergic synapse. Here we show that transport of D-aspartate, a non-metabolized L-glutamate analog, through excitatory amino acid transporters (EAATs) was faster in astrocytes from PrP knockout (PrP KO) mice than in astrocytes from C57BL/10 SnJ wildtype (WT) mice. Experiments using EAAT subtype-specific inhibitors demonstrated that in both WT …
Lead Exposure In Large Carnivores In The Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem, Thomas Alan Rogers
Lead Exposure In Large Carnivores In The Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem, Thomas Alan Rogers
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
Exposure to heavy metals is a potential challenge to the conservation of wildlife. One source of heavy metal exposure known to negatively affect avian wildlife is ingestion of lead rifle bullet fragments found in discarded hunter-harvested ungulate gut piles. Some large mammalian carnivores, such as grizzly bears (Ursus arctos), are also known to target these gut piles as a food source while others, such as cougars (Puma concolor), avoid areas with high levels of human hunting pressure. I investigated whether large carnivores in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem were exposed to lead, and if so, if ammunition ingested from hunter-harvested gut …
An Assessment Of Municipal Water Rights And Water Systems In The Clark Fork River Basin, Jacob Daniel Petersen-Perlman
An Assessment Of Municipal Water Rights And Water Systems In The Clark Fork River Basin, Jacob Daniel Petersen-Perlman
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
In the semi-arid Inland Northwest, water is undoubtedly the most important natural resource. Western Montana’s Clark Fork River basin is no exception. As the population of western Montana continues to grow, the Clark Fork River basin below the Flathead Indian Reservation is largely in de facto closure to the establishment of new water rights. Communities face a great amount of uncertainty with respect to their ability to establish new water rights to accommodate future growth due to the de facto closure, along with the ongoing adjudication process and the inability for communities to grow into their claimed water rights established …
Identifying Wildlife Crossing Zones For The Prioritization Of Highway Mitigation Measures Along U.S. Highway 2: West Glacier, Mt To Milepost 193, Mike J. Roesch
Identifying Wildlife Crossing Zones For The Prioritization Of Highway Mitigation Measures Along U.S. Highway 2: West Glacier, Mt To Milepost 193, Mike J. Roesch
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
Highways have been shown to fragment wildlife habitats and populations. In order to mitigate the effects that highways have on wildlife, it is important to assess where wildlife appear to be moving in close proximity to the highway. I surveyed for wildlife trails that approached either side of a ~64 km stretch U.S. Highway 2 (US-2) and monitored these trails with remote cameras. Ungulates, especially deer, were the most commonly photographed animals on trails. A limited number of photographs were also taken of coyote, black bear, snowshoe hare, wolf, and cougar. Camera images showed that wildlife tended to use roadside …
Assessing Cumulative Human Impacts On Northern Woodland Caribou With Traditional Ecological Knowledge And Resource Selection Functions, Jean Lieppert Polfus
Assessing Cumulative Human Impacts On Northern Woodland Caribou With Traditional Ecological Knowledge And Resource Selection Functions, Jean Lieppert Polfus
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
Woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) are federally listed and declining across Canada because of the cumulative impacts of human infrastructure development. The Atlin northern mountain herd, in the territory of the Taku River Tlingit First Nation (TRTFN), British Columbia, is less affected by development than southern herds. However, recent low productivity in this herd suggests that the impacts of development (i.e., roads, mines, cabins and towns) may be accumulating. To predict the cumulative impact of human development on the Atlin herd, we developed seasonal resource selection functions (RSF) at 2 spatial scales with data from 10 global positioning system collared …
Biological Control: Effects Of Tyria Jacobaeae On The Population Dynamics Of Senecio Jacobaea In Northwest Montana, Kimberly Kay Crider
Biological Control: Effects Of Tyria Jacobaeae On The Population Dynamics Of Senecio Jacobaea In Northwest Montana, Kimberly Kay Crider
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
Biological control, using introduced, specialist insects is a common strategy for controlling plant invasions. However, the efficacy of biological control agents in controlling their host plants is rarely quantified population level. I quantified the impact of a specialist biological control agent, the cinnabar moth (Tyria jacobaeae) on its host plant, tansy ragwort (Senecio jacobaea) in northwest Montana. Cinnabar moth damage and its effects on important plant vital rates were tested with and without specialist herbivores. The presence of moth larvae corresponded to a reduction in population growth rates to less than one, compared to herbivore-free controls, indicating the potential for …
Elemental Stoichiometry Of Freshwater Hyporheic Microorganisms, Alejandra Valenzuela
Elemental Stoichiometry Of Freshwater Hyporheic Microorganisms, Alejandra Valenzuela
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
The work presented herein is part of the Microbial Observatory Project in the Nyack Floodplain. The Nyack Valley Floodplain is a glacier-carved floodplain in the Middle Fork of the Flathead River on the south west border of Glacier National Park and north of the Great Bear Wilderness in northwest Montana. The study focuses on the bacterial diversity including elemental stoichiometry along a hyporheic flowpath underlying the Nyack floodplain. We isolated and characterized 44 bacterial strains, sampled microbial biofilm communities across the floodplain, characterized the bacterial isolates and determined elemental ratios (C:N:P). We tested the hypothesis that while the elemental stoichiometry …