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Synergy, Meshworks, And The Nature Of Anthropology: A Teaching Perspective, Robert Shanafelt Oct 2008

Synergy, Meshworks, And The Nature Of Anthropology: A Teaching Perspective, Robert Shanafelt

Southern Anthropologist

Textbooks in general anthropology describe the subject as a holistic endeavor with distinct subfields. However, other than paying lip service to the concept of holism, most establish few fundamental links between the biological, social, and linguistic features of the discipline. In this paper I argue that four-field anthropology is best taught not as a set of layered blocks but as a meshwork of interacting layers of complexity. Moreover, the metaphor of meshworks in synergistic interaction changes not only how we imagine that anthropology’s parts are integrated, it suggests a different philosophical orientation to the study of the physical, communicative, and …

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Kalinago Ethnicity And Ancestral Knowledge, Kathryn A. Hudepohl Oct 2008

Kalinago Ethnicity And Ancestral Knowledge, Kathryn A. Hudepohl

Southern Anthropologist

The Kalinago of Dominica have engaged in various efforts at cultural renewal in the past three decades. In this paper I examine one particular activity, recreated traditional dancing, and analyze how performers combine current and past cultural practices from their own community together with knowledge garnered from other indigenous groups to reinvent dance performances. Such performances represent a recent manifestation of successful cultural renewal in which community members use known resources to re-imagine and recreate meaningful tradition(s). Analysis of recreated traditional dance performances provides insight regarding how some members of the Kalinago community think about and utilize the ancestral knowledge …

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September 24, 2008, The Daily Mississippian Sep 2008

September 24, 2008, The Daily Mississippian

Daily Mississippian (all digitized issues)

No abstract provided.

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The Contributions Of Dr. William Heffernan And The Missouri School Of Agrifood Studies, Anna M. Kleiner, John J. Green Aug 2008

The Contributions Of Dr. William Heffernan And The Missouri School Of Agrifood Studies, Anna M. Kleiner, John J. Green

Journal of Rural Social Sciences

“The Missouri School” refers to a collection of faculty and students studying agrifood systems who have been connected to the Department of Rural Sociology at the University of Missouri–Columbia. Heavily influenced by the populist pragmatist William “Bill” Heffernan, Missouri School analysts focus their attention on structural arrangements, power relationships, and spaces in which struggle for change might result in alternatives to the prevailing system. This article is an introduction to the special issue of Southern Rural Sociology devoted to research and theorizing done by students and faculty of the Missouri School. It includes an overview of the development of the …

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Visualizing Food System Concentration And Consolidation, Philip H. Howard Aug 2008

Visualizing Food System Concentration And Consolidation, Philip H. Howard

Journal of Rural Social Sciences

Visualization of the changing structure of the food system has played an important role in the Missouri School of Agrifood Studies’ research and outreach. The analogies and diagrams Missouri researchers have used to describe concentration and consolidation have aided our understanding of the extent of these phenomena, as well as their social impacts. This article discusses why visualization is effective for analyzing and presenting data. Recent advances in visualizing concentration and consolidation are described—these methods include 1) treemaps, 2) cartographic maps, 3) cluster diagrams, 4) taxonomic tree/timelines, and 5) animations. Examples utilizing data from the North American organic food industry …

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Agribusiness Concentration, Intellectual Property, And The Prospects For Rural Economic Benefits From The Emerging Biofuel Economy, Leland L. Glenna, Daniel R. Cahoy Aug 2008

Agribusiness Concentration, Intellectual Property, And The Prospects For Rural Economic Benefits From The Emerging Biofuel Economy, Leland L. Glenna, Daniel R. Cahoy

Journal of Rural Social Sciences

United States policy makers are promoting bio-fuels as an economic development opportunity, especially for rural America. A USDA study claims that developments in energy production from biomass could increase profits for agricultural commodity producers. However, as William Heffernan and his colleagues have demonstrated, concentration in the agrifood sector limits the economic benefits going to the commodity producers. Relying on Heffernan’s framework, we compare the distribution of intellectual property of corn and other genetically modified crops with that of the emerging biomass technologies. We find that patent ownership in the emerging biofuel sector is not yet as concentrated as in the …

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World Trade, Farm Policy, And Agribusiness Accountability: The Role Of Reflexive Modernization In Constructing A Democratic Food System, Robert Gronski, Leland Glenna Aug 2008

World Trade, Farm Policy, And Agribusiness Accountability: The Role Of Reflexive Modernization In Constructing A Democratic Food System, Robert Gronski, Leland Glenna

Journal of Rural Social Sciences

The future of farm policy in the United States will be influenced by trends in economic and political globalization, such as the World Trade Organization (WTO), due to the obligation of member nation-states to make domestic policies conform to international trade agreements. Commentators have noted that the WTO has been structured to favor transnational agribusiness at the expense of small farmers, food consumers, and the natural environment. However, the WTO contains contradictions that might be exploited by alternative agriculture advocates to influence Congressional interpretations of the trade agreement. This essay uses reflexive modernization theory to highlight efforts by alternative agriculture …

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Ownership Characteristics Of Heir Property In A Black Belt County: A Quantitative Approach, Janice F. Dyer, Conner Bailey, Nhuong Van Tran Aug 2008

Ownership Characteristics Of Heir Property In A Black Belt County: A Quantitative Approach, Janice F. Dyer, Conner Bailey, Nhuong Van Tran

Journal of Rural Social Sciences

The existing literature identifies heir property, land held communally by heirs of someone who has died without a will, as a primary cause of land loss among African Americans and a major factor contributing to persistent poverty in the South’s demographically-defined Black Belt. Despite the importance of this form of property, little systematic research has been done to quantify the extent of heir property or the potential wealth tied up in clouded titles. This study documents the presence of more than 1,500 heir property parcels in one Alabama Black Belt county (Macon) and describes the methodological challenges involved in such …

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Escaping The Bondage Of The Dominant Agrifood System: Community-Based Cooperative Strategies, John J. Green, Anna M. Kleiner Aug 2008

Escaping The Bondage Of The Dominant Agrifood System: Community-Based Cooperative Strategies, John J. Green, Anna M. Kleiner

Journal of Rural Social Sciences

The “Missouri School” of critical agrifood studies has provided an effective framework for documenting and understanding the structural dimensions of the global agrifood system and locating important nodes of power.This has directed attention toward the negative impacts of industrialization and corporate concentration on agricultural producers, local communities and economies, and the environment. Using these criticalinsights, pressure on the dominant agrifood system by civil society organizations has resulted in important changes to production and marketing strategies and related public policies. We broaden this discussion by using social movement and livelihoods theory to explore the position of limited resource and minority producers …

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Creating Alternatives: A Participant Observer's Reflections On The Emerging Local Food System In Kansas City, Mary Hendrickson Aug 2008

Creating Alternatives: A Participant Observer's Reflections On The Emerging Local Food System In Kansas City, Mary Hendrickson

Journal of Rural Social Sciences

The Missouri School has been known for its study of the structure of agriculture and food, and what affects structural arrangements have on farmers, communities, and environments. A lesser known aspect of the Missouri School is its use of structural analyses to analyze and promote alternatives. As a participant observer of the Kansas City food system for more than 15 years, I highlight the continual evolution of alternatives in the region, documenting the long involvement of the Missouri School with the development of these alternatives, from providing structural analyses to extension programming. This case study shows the struggle that farmers, …

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Sociology Of Agriculture And Food Beginning And Maturity: The Contribution Of The Missouri School (1976-1994), Alessandro Bonanno Aug 2008

Sociology Of Agriculture And Food Beginning And Maturity: The Contribution Of The Missouri School (1976-1994), Alessandro Bonanno

Journal of Rural Social Sciences

Sociology of agriculture and food (SAF) is one of the most visible substantive subareas in Rural Sociology and a growing subarea in Sociology. While the studying of agriculture has always been a part of Rural Sociology, it was in the 1970s that the process that led to a clear and formal distinction between Rural Sociology and SAF began. SAF grew stronger in the 1980s and became established in the 1990s. This paper reviews salient theoretical and historical events that engendered the establishment and growth of SAF as a separate substantive area from Rural Sociology. Additionally, it reviews its development in …

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2009 Srsa Presidential Address: Modification And Adaptation In Rural Sociology: Part I, Gene L. Theodori Aug 2008

2009 Srsa Presidential Address: Modification And Adaptation In Rural Sociology: Part I, Gene L. Theodori

Journal of Rural Social Sciences

The 2009 Southern Rural Sociological Association Presidential Address

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Contested Globalization Of The Agrifood System: A Missouri School Analysis Of Sanderson Farms And Seaboard Farms In Texas, Douglas H. Constance Aug 2008

Contested Globalization Of The Agrifood System: A Missouri School Analysis Of Sanderson Farms And Seaboard Farms In Texas, Douglas H. Constance

Journal of Rural Social Sciences

The Missouri School of Agrifood Studies began with a focus on the power of agribusiness corporations in relation to quality of life of farmers and their related communities. The poultry industry was the first commodity studied, with later research into other commodity sectors and then the global dimensions of this process. In this paper I continue the Missouri School agenda by focusing on the entry of the poultry firm Sanderson Farms and the hog firm Seaboard Farms into Texas. This paper combines a sociology of the agrifood system conceptual framework with two case studies of agribusiness expansion in Texas to …

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Masculine Identity Work Among Missouri Noodlers: Community Providers, Pleasure Seeking Comrades, Family Men, And Tough Courageous Men, Mary Grigsby Aug 2008

Masculine Identity Work Among Missouri Noodlers: Community Providers, Pleasure Seeking Comrades, Family Men, And Tough Courageous Men, Mary Grigsby

Journal of Rural Social Sciences

This qualitative research, based on interviews and participant observation conducted between 2005 and 2008, examines patterned variations in the masculine identity work of Missouri men noodlers between the ages of 18 and 90. Noodling or hand fishing is a folk tradition that involves submerging in lakes or rivers and feeling under the banks for holes where large catfish are spawning. The fingers are used as a lure to catch the catfish by hand. Noodling is contested terrain in which men with differing age cohort-based identity needs emphasize certain aspects from the tool kit of noodling culture over others. Cohort differences …

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Bios Of Contributors To This Special Issue, Anna M. Kleiner, John J. Green Aug 2008

Bios Of Contributors To This Special Issue, Anna M. Kleiner, John J. Green

Journal of Rural Social Sciences

biographies of the contributors to this special issue of Southern Rural Sociology, in alphabetical order

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Accounting Hall Of Fame: Anthony G. Hopwood, Remarks, Citation And Response, Anaheim, California, August 4, 2008, American Accounting Assoication, The Ohio State University Aug 2008

Accounting Hall Of Fame: Anthony G. Hopwood, Remarks, Citation And Response, Anaheim, California, August 4, 2008, American Accounting Assoication, The Ohio State University

Accounting Hall of Fame Brochures

No abstract provided.

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Lessons Learned From Advocating Csas For Low-Income And Food Insecure Households, Susan Andreatta, Misty Rhyne, Nicole Dery Jun 2008

Lessons Learned From Advocating Csas For Low-Income And Food Insecure Households, Susan Andreatta, Misty Rhyne, Nicole Dery

Journal of Rural Social Sciences

This paper reports on the lessons learned from a project designed to connect local small-scale farmers with low-income households in the Piedmont Region of central North Carolina. Community Supported Agriculture (CSA) arrangements were used to assist farmers by prepaying for fresh farm products. Building community through alternative food systems and civic agriculture underlies the project design of this CSA project. Payments to farmers were made by North Carolina’s food policy council. Selected low-income households received CSA shares of farm fresh products. Results focus on access to local, farm fresh products, changes in cooking practices of the CSA participants, as well …

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Motivations For Participating In Community-Supported Agriculture And Their Relationship With Community Attachment And Social Capital, Joan M. Brehm, Brian W. Eisenhauer Jun 2008

Motivations For Participating In Community-Supported Agriculture And Their Relationship With Community Attachment And Social Capital, Joan M. Brehm, Brian W. Eisenhauer

Journal of Rural Social Sciences

The social fabric of rural communities is continuing to change as we move toward a more globalized society and food economy, and the vitality of rural agricultural communities in particular may be declining (Berry 1999). In response to these changes, efforts are underway in many parts of the United States to counteract this global, industrial food system and by implication, increase the vitality and sustainability of rural communities. One effort that is gaining momentum is the Community Supported Agriculture (CSA) movement, which involves local farmers and community members working together as partners to create a sustainable local food system. It …

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Slow Food Lessons In The Fast Food Midwest, Heather Mcilvaine-Newsad, Christopher D. Merrett, William Maakestad, Patrick Mclaughlin Jun 2008

Slow Food Lessons In The Fast Food Midwest, Heather Mcilvaine-Newsad, Christopher D. Merrett, William Maakestad, Patrick Mclaughlin

Journal of Rural Social Sciences

During the latter half of the twentieth century, the American food system was transformed by a technological revolution in American agriculture. While these changes provided benefits such as lower-cost food, it also generated concerns that the unconditional embrace of technology would harm rural communities and the environment. Additional concerns were raised about food quality and food safety. Through a case study of a rural Midwestern farming community, this paper examines how direct consumer to producer marketing strategies such as community supported agriculture (CSA) and the public’s current fascination with the heritage of farming may offer a subset of producers and …

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Attendance At Religious Meetings And Community Involvement, Gene L. Theodori, Chyrel A. Mayfield Jun 2008

Attendance At Religious Meetings And Community Involvement, Gene L. Theodori, Chyrel A. Mayfield

Journal of Rural Social Sciences

Data collected in a general population survey from a random sample of individuals in two rural communities in Texas were used to examine the association between religious involvement and civic participation empirically. Support was found for the hypothesis that attendance at religious meetings is positively associated with community involvement. Results of the analysis of covariance also suggest that certain sociodemographic factors are significant predictors of community involvement. Possible implications of these findings for community developers, public leaders, Cooperative Extension Service personnel, and other practitioners are addressed. Recommendations for involving religious institutions in community development initiatives are also advanced.

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Alternative And Conventional Agricultural Representations In The United States: Results From Two National Mail Surveys, 1992 And 2001, Gregory Fulkerson Jun 2008

Alternative And Conventional Agricultural Representations In The United States: Results From Two National Mail Surveys, 1992 And 2001, Gregory Fulkerson

Journal of Rural Social Sciences

This article examines the ways in which perceptions of agriculture are represented by the American public. Presented here are descriptive and exploratory findings from two national mail surveys that asked Americans about their views of agriculture, food, and the environment. I focus specifically on views related to the structure of agriculture as well as those related to the use of technology in food production. The goals of this study are to identify which sociodemographic segments of the American public favor alternative over conventional attitudes and to determine how this has changed over time. Overall, support for both alternative structure and …

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Produce Sections, Town Squares, And Farm Stands: Comparing Local Food Systems In Community Context, Stephen Gasteyer, Sarah A. Hultine, Leslie R. Cooperband, M. Patrick Curry Jun 2008

Produce Sections, Town Squares, And Farm Stands: Comparing Local Food Systems In Community Context, Stephen Gasteyer, Sarah A. Hultine, Leslie R. Cooperband, M. Patrick Curry

Journal of Rural Social Sciences

A growing literature has grappled with the emergence of local food systems as an alternative to the conventional agricultural model and assumes that the development of local food system venues, such as farmers’ markets, are positive community-building initiatives. Too often left out of this discourse are empirical assessments of the community characteristics that lend themselves to the success of farmers’ markets or similar initiatives. Further, when farmers’ markets are not significantly patronized by community members, does this necessarily mean that people do not value local produce? This article uses the results from surveys of farmers’ market consumers and case studies …

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Sustainable Agriculture And The Social Sciences: Getting Beyond Best Management Practices And Into Food Systems, Jeffrey L. Jordan, Douglas H. Constance Jun 2008

Sustainable Agriculture And The Social Sciences: Getting Beyond Best Management Practices And Into Food Systems, Jeffrey L. Jordan, Douglas H. Constance

Journal of Rural Social Sciences

This paper introduces the special issue of Southern Rural Sociology and lays the groundwork for the rest of the papers. The genesis of this special issue flows from the efforts of the Southern Region Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education (S-SARE) program to bring more social science research into its portfolio of projects. Our concern is that by providing best management practices (Band-Aids) to a fundamentally unsustainable agricultural system, the sustainable agriculture movement (and SARE’s granting program) favors the environmental component at the expense of economic and social “legs” of the sustainable stool. While focusing on the history and work of …

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The Role Of Southern Sare Projects In Enhancing The Quality Of Life In Rural Communities In The South, Keiko Tanaka, Victoria Mundy Bhavsar Jun 2008

The Role Of Southern Sare Projects In Enhancing The Quality Of Life In Rural Communities In The South, Keiko Tanaka, Victoria Mundy Bhavsar

Journal of Rural Social Sciences

As an institutional mechanism, funding agencies play a key role in actualizing perspectives about sustainable agriculture by funding research, education, and outreach activities. This paper examines trends in sustainable agriculture research and education projects funded by the Southern SARE program in the last 15 years. First, it analyzes key trends in the research foci of 174 projects, which demonstrate two main threads of thought and research in sustainability: one oriented toward addressing production issues and the other toward community issues. The paper then examines projects that use “quality-of-life measures” to guide their research processes and discusses common challenges that these …

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Barriers To Entry Into The Specialty Red Meat Sector: The Role Of Food Safety Regulation, Michelle R. Worosz, Andrew J. Knight, Craig K. Harris, David S. Conner Jun 2008

Barriers To Entry Into The Specialty Red Meat Sector: The Role Of Food Safety Regulation, Michelle R. Worosz, Andrew J. Knight, Craig K. Harris, David S. Conner

Journal of Rural Social Sciences

Historically, the rules governing red meat food safety in the U.S. were driven as much by global trade and industry rationalization as by food safety. Contemporary and historical documents, statutes, and regulations; a survey of producer and farmers’ market representatives; and key informant interviews show that these rules, and their implementation, have affected the current development of niche marketing opportunities. Three significant issues arise from this research: a) the elimination of the state meat inspections limits producer access to slaughter; b) the Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP) rule limits producer access to processing; and c) uncertainty at the …

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On The Diversity Of Friendship And Network Ties: A Comparison Of Religious Versus Nonreligious Group Membership In The Rural American South, Jeremy Porter, Susannah M. Brown Jun 2008

On The Diversity Of Friendship And Network Ties: A Comparison Of Religious Versus Nonreligious Group Membership In The Rural American South, Jeremy Porter, Susannah M. Brown

Journal of Rural Social Sciences

Social science has long been interested in the effects and predictors of community participation, especially regarding voluntary membership or civic participation. Likewise, the role of social institutions has been given much attention in understanding their possible effect as an outlet for both individual desires to become civically engaged as well the institution’s ability to shelter an individual and surround them with others like themselves. We use data from the 2000 Social Capital Benchmark Survey to examine the effect of group membership on the overall diversity of friendships. The diversity of friendships gives us a good proxy to the degree of …

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Conventionalization, Bifurcation, And Quality Of Life: Certified And Non-Certified Organic Farmers In Texas, Douglas H. Constance, Jin Young Choi, Holly Lyke-Ho-Gland Jun 2008

Conventionalization, Bifurcation, And Quality Of Life: Certified And Non-Certified Organic Farmers In Texas, Douglas H. Constance, Jin Young Choi, Holly Lyke-Ho-Gland

Journal of Rural Social Sciences

Organic agriculture has been advanced as a production system that improves environmental quality and supports rural community development. Recent developments in organics have called into question both assertions. Researchers have argued that the advent of national-level organic standards has contributed to the conventionalization and bifurcation of organics. Conventionalization refers to the process by which organic agriculture increasingly takes on the characteristics of mainstream industrial agriculture. Bifurcation refers to the process by which the organic agriculture adopts a dual-structure of smaller, lifestyle-oriented producers and larger, industrial-scale producers. This research examines the conventionalization and bifurcation theses through a comparison of certified organic …

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Expanding The Marketing Opportunities And Sustainable Production Potential For Minority And Limited-Resource Agricultural Producers In Louisiana And Mississippi, Anna M. Kleiner, John J. Green Jun 2008

Expanding The Marketing Opportunities And Sustainable Production Potential For Minority And Limited-Resource Agricultural Producers In Louisiana And Mississippi, Anna M. Kleiner, John J. Green

Journal of Rural Social Sciences

The expansion of sustainable agriculture requires the development of alternative production techniques and marketing strategies. Unfortunately, just as with the dominant agrifood system, minority and limited resource producers are often not incorporated into planning processes. As an attempt to forge an alternative framework, this paper provides findings and recommendations from an exploratory planning project funded by the Southern Region Sustainable Agriculture and Education (SARE) program designed to bring together traditionally-underserved producers, their membership organizations, regional nonprofit organizations and universities, and a variety of customer interests. Participants worked collaboratively to identify opportunities and challenges associated with expanding access to diverse agricultural …

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Conservation Use And Quality Of Life In A Rural Community: An Extension Of Goldschmidt's Findings, Jason Shaw Parker, Richard H. Moore Jun 2008

Conservation Use And Quality Of Life In A Rural Community: An Extension Of Goldschmidt's Findings, Jason Shaw Parker, Richard H. Moore

Journal of Rural Social Sciences

Agricultural conservation offers environmental benefits to farm families and others in the community as well as those living downstream. Studies of farmer conservation behavior have concluded that Best Management Practice adoption is not explained by innovation-diffusion, rational choice and farm structure models alone. As suggested by findings from the Sugar Creek Watershed, additional factors contribute to a land owner’s motivation for implementing conservation practices that go beyond economic or self-interested behavior; these motivations extend conservation behavior to social acts of stewardship where adoption takes place more often on medium-sized family farms. In this paper, Goldschmidt’s findings relating farm size and …

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June 9, 2008, The Daily Mississippian Jun 2008

June 9, 2008, The Daily Mississippian

Daily Mississippian (all digitized issues)

No abstract provided.

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