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Articles 17371 - 17400 of 18685
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
An Inquiry Concerning The Functions Of Procedure In Legal Education, Edson R. Sunderland
An Inquiry Concerning The Functions Of Procedure In Legal Education, Edson R. Sunderland
Other Publications
Procedure has always been the bete noire of the law school teacher. No other subject has developed such divergent opinions or such endless debates. None recurs with such periodic frequency and in no field of legal pedagogy has discussion seemed so barren of results. Three different general sessions of the Association of American Law Schools during the last ten years have been devoted largely or wholly to the subject of teaching procedure, and yet no substantial progress seems to have been made toward a standardized scheme of treatment. Individual teachers and schools have their individual views and policies, and they …
The Law Of Property Act, 1922, Joseph Warren
The Law Of Property Act, 1922, Joseph Warren
Michigan Law Review
The English law of property legislation, which has been pending for over two years, was passed June 29 last. It will take effect January 1, 1925. For a century the reform of the law of real property has been a burning question in England-far more so than with us. Judges, lawyers, solicitors, conveyancing experts have all taken an active part. Learned societies have spoken through committees and royal commissions have reported. Piece by piece many of the antiquities have been abolished. But no reform is as far-reaching as the present act. In January, 1919, the Acquisition and Valuation of Land …
Rights Of Finders, Ralph W. Aigler
Rights Of Finders, Ralph W. Aigler
Articles
Much of the confusion and uncertainty in the law regarding the topic indicated above is due to a failure to distinguish between several types of situations and to appreciate the applicability of certain fundamental principles. The words "lost" and "find" are used in such widely varying senses that the all too common method of reaching a conclusion by first applying a name to a thing or situation has in this particular field led to special difficulty.
Trade Competition - Effect Of Motive, Herbert F. Goodrich
Trade Competition - Effect Of Motive, Herbert F. Goodrich
Articles
Does the motive with which one enters into what is ostensibly trade competition with a business rival have any significance in the law? Motive is used, following Judge Smith's careful limitation of the term, to signify the feeling which makes the actor desire to obtain the result aimed at. A conclusion that motive is immaterial in this connection can be sustained by formal logic. A man has a "right" to engage in business, even though his rival be injured thereby. One may exercise a legal right, regardless of his motives in doing so. Therefore, business competition, if the methods be …
Public Utility Valuation, Edwin C. Goddard
Public Utility Valuation, Edwin C. Goddard
Articles
It has been so often remarked that the "valuation" of public utilities is determined by no rule of thumb, that there are no fixed rules or formulas to guide courts or commissions, that determination of value as a rate base is matter of judgment and discretion in each case, Minnesota Rate Cares, 230 U. S. 352, 434, that the statement has come to be believed by reason in part of its much repetition. It is usually accepted as axiomatic. The glorious uncertainty resulting from such an admission will continue so long as judgments of one man or set of men …
Unrecognized Government Or State In English And American Law (Part 1), Edwin D. Dickinson
Unrecognized Government Or State In English And American Law (Part 1), Edwin D. Dickinson
Articles
From the decision of this novel case, reported as Pelzer v. United Dredging Co., we may infer that the New York courts regard unrecognized Mexico as a sort of legal vacuum. In granting the corporation's motion for judgment on the pleadings, the Supreme Court said: "The administratrix plaintiff is an officer of a foreign court. It is syllogistically true that if the foreign court has no recognized power here she may not assert a right derived through her appointment therefrom. The Mexican government is not de facto here, since recognition alone can make it so. It may have all the …
Divorce Problems In The Conflict Of Laws, Herbert F. Goodrich
Divorce Problems In The Conflict Of Laws, Herbert F. Goodrich
Articles
Divorce may be considered as the termination of the legal relationship between husband and wife by an act of the law. With the purely local aspect of legal questions regarding divorce, Conflict of Laws is not concerned. If a husband and wife are married and have their home in one state, legal questions concerning their divorce are local matters only. These will include the grounds for divorce, the particular court in which the action is brought, the procedure to be followed from commencement to termination of the action. In such a case it is only when some question concerning the …
Declaratory Judgments, Edson R. Sunderland
Declaratory Judgments, Edson R. Sunderland
Articles
The Connecticut legislature passed an act in 1921 authorizing courts to make binding declarations of rights. The act was attacked as unconstitutional on the same ground raised by the supreme court of Michigan against the Michigan Declaratory Judgment Act in the case of Anway v. Railway Co., 211 Mich. 592, 12 A. L. R. 26i namely, that declaring rights was not a judicial function. But the Supreme Court of Errors of Connecticut sustdined the act as in no way contravening the constitution.
Challenges To The Array, Edson R. Sunderland
Challenges To The Array, Edson R. Sunderland
Articles
Trial by jury demands impartial jurors as the indispensable basis for public confidence. And the first requisite for obtaining impartiality is indifference on the part of those who select the jury. This was fully recognized at the common law, and ever since the days when jurors ceased to be witnesses and became triers of facts, it was a good objection to the entire panel that the sheriff was not indifferent between the parties in the selection and summoning of the jury. Prejudice on the part of individual jurors could be met by challenges to the polls, but when favor lurked …
International Aspects Of Prohibition Enforcement, Edwin D. Dickinson
International Aspects Of Prohibition Enforcement, Edwin D. Dickinson
Articles
The Eighteenth Amendment to the Federal Constitution prohibits "the manufacture, sale, or transportation of intoxicating liquors within, the importation thereof into, or the exportation thereof from the United States and all territory subject to the jurisdiction thereof for beverage purposes." 40 Stat. io5O, 1941. In the National Prohibition Cases. 253 U. S. 350, 386, the amendment was said to be operative "throughout the entire territorial limits of the United States." As originally enacted, the National Prohibition Act did not in terms define its territorial field, but a supplemental provision afterwards enacted declares that the act "shall apply not only to …
Teaching Of International Law To Law Students, Edwin D. Dickinson
Teaching Of International Law To Law Students, Edwin D. Dickinson
Articles
A point to be noted at the outset, in any discussion of the teaching of international law to law students, is the relatively unimportant place which the subject occupies in the law student's program of study. The students in our law schools are tolerant of the interest which others manifest in international law. Indeed they are themselves greatly interested. They concede freely that it occupies an important place in the general scheme of things. But most of them feel that professional students cannot afford the time for even an introductory course. It results that courses in international law included in …
International Recognition And The National Courts, Edwin D. Dickinson
International Recognition And The National Courts, Edwin D. Dickinson
Articles
The extending of international recognition to a new government or a new state is a political function which belongs exclusively to the political departments of government. It follows that whenever the question of recognition or not is really involved in litigation the court should inform itself, as to the course pursued by the appropriate political department and decide accordingly. This much, if it ever needed to be settled, may now be regarded as settled beyond peradventure.
An Inquiry Concerning The Functions Of Procedure In Legal Education, Edson R. Sunderland
An Inquiry Concerning The Functions Of Procedure In Legal Education, Edson R. Sunderland
Articles
Procedure has always been the bete noire of the law school teacher. No other subject has developed such divergent opinions or such endless debates. None recurs with such periodic frequency and in no field of legal pedagogy has discussion seemed so barren of results. Three different general sessions of the Association of American Law Schools during the last ten years have been devoted largely or wholly to the subject of teaching procedure, and yet no substantial progress seems to have been made toward a standardized scheme of treatment. Individual teachers and schools have their individual views and policies, and they …
Change In The Meaning Of Consortium, Evans Holbrook
Change In The Meaning Of Consortium, Evans Holbrook
Articles
LAWYERS have long boasted of the flexibility of the common law, of its ability to adapt itself to the needs of changing conditions of society, of its responsiveness to sociological progress. And while eager reformers have often-and with much reason complained that the law is laggard in its response to the needs of the people, yet it is clear that sooner or later the courts generally bring themselves into accord with "what is sanctioned by usage, or held by the prevailing morality or strong and preponderant public 'opinion to be greatly and immediately necessary to the public welfare." This responsiveness …
Perpetuity Statutes, Edwin C. Goddard
Perpetuity Statutes, Edwin C. Goddard
Articles
THE common law of perpetuities is one of the most interesting examples of almost pure judicial legislation. De Donis, The Statutes of Uses and of Wills, but gave wider scope to the development by the courts of rules of law to thwart the attempt of the great landowners to tie up their landed estates in their families in perpetuity. One body of rules to this end limited restraints upon alienation, another the creation of future interests vesting at too remote a period. Restriction of restraints upon alienation, and the rule against perpetuities, these two were developed for the same end, …
Unrecognized Government Or State In English And American Law (Part 2), Edwin D. Dickinson
Unrecognized Government Or State In English And American Law (Part 2), Edwin D. Dickinson
Articles
PROBABLY no one in the British Empire or the United States would question the doctrine that it belongs exclusively to the political departments to recognize new governments or states. The difficulties involved are those which arise in the application of a doctrine so broadly stated. Not every situation involving an unrecognized government or state requires the decision of a question of recognition. If the decision of a political question is not involved, then it is entirely proper for the courts to take cognizance of a mere de facto government or state. In what situations may the courts appropriately take account …
Is A Municipal Fuel Yard A 'Public Service Plant'?, Evans Holbrook
Is A Municipal Fuel Yard A 'Public Service Plant'?, Evans Holbrook
Articles
In Consumers' Coal Co. et al. v. City of Lincoln, et al. (Neb. 1922) 189 N. W. 643, the supreme court of Nebraska held that a municipal fuel-yard, selling fuel at retail to the inhabitants of the city, was not a "public service plant" authorized by a section of the city charter which empowered the city to acquire, own and operate gas and electric plants, street railways, telephone plants, "and any and all other public service plants and properties, for the purpose of supplying the city and the inhabitants thereof with such service and public utilities." The suit was brought …
The Supreme Court's Adjudication Of Constitutional Issues In 1921-1922, Iii
The Supreme Court's Adjudication Of Constitutional Issues In 1921-1922, Iii
Michigan Law Review
The conundrum, "When is a tax not a tax?" received in Bailey v. Drexel Furniture Co. the answer: When from the face of the statute it appears that a prohibitory or regulatory penalty has been imposed for a departure from a detailed and specified course of conduct in business. Over the dissent of Mr. Justice Clarke, the court condemned as not an exercise of the federal taxing power a provision in the Revenue Act of 1918 imposing an excise of ten per cent of the net profits on all enterprises employing children under designated ages or in excess of designated …
Recent Important Decisions
Michigan Law Review
A collection of recent important court decisions.
Privity Of Contract And Tort Liability
Privity Of Contract And Tort Liability
Michigan Law Review
Two parties, A and B, make a contract whereby B undertakes to perform certain services for A. He performs his task in a negligent manner, and as a consequence C, a third party, suffers injury. Has C rights against B?
The Supreme Court's Adjudication Of Constitutional Issues In 1921-1922, Ii, Thomas Reed Powell
The Supreme Court's Adjudication Of Constitutional Issues In 1921-1922, Ii, Thomas Reed Powell
Michigan Law Review
Questions of discrimination in rates or services arising under the Interstate Commerce Act or some of its amendments came before the court in a number of cases without raising any direct constitutional issues. Such an issue, however, was urged against a refusal of the Interstate Commerce Commission to allow a tap line owned by a Lumber company more than $3 per car as its share of the joint rate for traffic over it and the main line, but in Louisiana & P. B. Ry. Co. v. United States the claim that this restriction was so arbitrary as to deny the …
Patents-Judicial Legislation
Michigan Law Review
One Deitch conceived an invention in 1912; Doulett conceived the same idea in 1913; Muther conceived it in January, 1914, and Glines in March, 1914. All filed applications for a patent at about the same time, August, 1914, and interference proceedings were begun to determine the right to a patent. Under the express wording of the Patent Act the answer would seem clear. It provides, R. S. 4886, that "any person who has invented or discovered any new and useful art, * * * not known or used by others in this country, before his invention or discovery thereof, * …
Recent Important Decisions
Michigan Law Review
A collection of recent important court decisions.
Procedure And Practice Before The Federal Trade Commission, John Leland Mechem
Procedure And Practice Before The Federal Trade Commission, John Leland Mechem
Michigan Law Review
The Federal Trade Commission, now in its eighth year, has successfully withstood the attacks, judicial and political, which threatened at times to destroy it, or, at least, to render it impotent. The act creating it has been held constitutional; its powers and duties have been defined; the present administration has indorsed it; and the public have come to realize its power for good. As its activities have expanded its influence has become definitely felt by the business world. The increasing interest of both business men and members of the profession warrants a brief exposition of the practice before the Commission, …
Labor And The Law In The Public Utility Field, George Jarvis Thompson
Labor And The Law In The Public Utility Field, George Jarvis Thompson
Michigan Law Review
To the cynical this title may suggest a rhetorical antithesis, and the average citizen cannot but be a bit cynical as a result of his observation and experience of the actuality of the failure of the law to function for the preservation of the continuity of these essential public services in the frequently recurring outbreaks between organized capital and organized labor. In a great measure, he has only himself to blame for this unfortunate condition. He lent ear to the vote-seeking politician and to the propaganda of the interested parties, taking sides with one or the other without thought of …
Cause, Legal Cause And Proximate Cause, Albert Levitt
Cause, Legal Cause And Proximate Cause, Albert Levitt
Michigan Law Review
Man is a social being; but neither by instinct nor through training does he always express himself so that no one is hurt through his self-expression. Each individual at some time or other acts in such a way that the result of his activity is an injury to himself, to another, or to the social organization of which he is a part. His activities, therefore, need to be watched and controlled. It is the function of the legal ordering of society to exercise such watchfulness and control. The law is a method of social control, and legal principles, concepts, standards …
The Supreme Court's Adjudication Of Constitutional Issues In 1921-1922, Thomas Reed Powell
The Supreme Court's Adjudication Of Constitutional Issues In 1921-1922, Thomas Reed Powell
Michigan Law Review
The power of Congress over the territories was involved in three cases. Balzac v. Porto Rico held that Porto Rico has not been "incorporated" into the United States so as to make applicable the constitutional requirement of trial by jury in criminal cases. This had been substantially settled in some of the Insular Cases, leaving only the question whether the situation had since been changed. In holding that it had not, Chief Justice Taft placed chief reliance on the absence of any explicit declaration by Congress and on the fact that in the Organic Act of Porto Rico of March …