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Federal Courts-Jurisdiciton-District Court Transfer Of Action Under Section 1406(A) Without Jurisdiction Over Person Of Defendant, J. Patrick Martin S.Ed.

Michigan Law Review

In 1956 plaintiff corporation brought a private antitrust action against various persons and corporations in a federal district court in Pennsylvania. Service was made upon defendant corporations by means of alias summonses in New York where they were amenable to suit. Since defendant corporations were not inhabitants of, "found," or transacting business in Pennsylvania, venue was improper there and the extraterritorial service of- process provision of the Clayton Act was not available to plaintiff. Defendant corporations moved to dismiss for lack of in personam jurisdiction. Instead, however, the court, invoking section 1406(a) of the Judicial Code, transferred the action in …

Taxation-Federal Income Tax-Enjoining Collection, D. Michael Kratchman S.Ed.

Michigan Law Review

Taxpayer sued to enjoin collection of federal insurance contributions and unemployment taxes with respect to certain fishermen who worked on boats operated by the corporate taxpayer. The Government contended that under the Internal Revenue Code an injunction could not be sustained on a showing of non-liability. The district court issued the injunction on the grounds that the tax was illegal because no employer-employee relationship in fact existed and that collection of the tax would ruin the corporation financially. The court of appeals affirmed, holding that a taxpayer may enjoin the collection of a federal tax when he shows its illegality …

Suretyship-Subrogation-Rights Of Surety To Funds Withheld Under A Government Contract, William T. Holcomb Jr.

Michigan Law Review

Petitioner surety, under the terms of its payment bond, paid laborers and materialmen of a government contractor, who was later adjudicated bankrupt. The Government paid to the trustee in bankruptcy funds it had retained but which had been earned prior to termination of the contract. The district court1 reversed the referee's ruling denying the surety's petition for an order directing the trustee to transfer the retained funds to the surety. On appeal, held, affirmed. The surety was entitled to the funds, in preference to the trustee in bankruptcy, by subrogation to the laborers' and materialmen's equitable priority in the …

The Constitution And Contempt Of Court, Ronald Goldfarb

Michigan Law Review

Few legal devices find conflict within the lines of our Constitution with the ubiquity of the contempt power. These conflicts involve issues concerning the governmental power structure such as the separation of powers and the delicate balancing of federal-state relations. In addition, there are civil rights issues attributable to the conflict between the use of the contempt power and such vital procedural protections as the right to trial by jury, freedom from self-incrimination, double jeopardy, and indictment-to name only the most recurrent and controversial examples. Aside from these problems, there are other civil liberties issues, such as those involving freedom …

Vol. 13, No. 10, November 9, 1962, University Of Michigan Law School

Res Gestae

•The Advantage of a Small Town Practice •Yearbook News •Who are They? •Miscellaneous Morsels •At the Frat •Res Gestae Sports Staff Pix •Quadsville Quotes

Vol. 13, No. 9, November 2, 1962, University Of Michigan Law School

Res Gestae

•New Michigan Constitution - Pro or Con? •Sunday Brunch at Lawyers Club •Air Force and Navy Law Programs •Miscellaneous Morsels •Small Town, Big Lawyers •At the Frat •Res Gestae Sports Staff Pix •Quadsville Quotes

Declaratory Judgments-Avoidance Of Peril-Refusal To Adjudicate Rights Of Will Beneficiary Under No-Contest Clause-Testator, Burton L. Raimi S.Ed

Michigan Law Review

Testator, plaintiff's father, acquired property in the joint names of himself and his wife by using money belonging to his wife. At her death testator claimed sole ownership of the property as the survivor. Plaintiff agreed not to probate his mother's will if testator would bequeath the property to his children. Also, testator agreed that if he should remarry he would, by a prenuptial agreement, make it possible to carry out the plan. The agreement was not reduced to writing. Testator remarried and shortly thereafter executed a will in which he disregarded the verbal agreement and left a substantial part …

Territorial Courts And Law: Unifying Factors In The Development Of American Legal Institutions-Pt.1-Establishment Of A Standardized Judicial System, William Wirt Blume, Elizabeth Gaspar Brown

Michigan Law Review

The United States first became a sovereign nation when individual states of the Confederation ceded to the states collectively their several interests in the lands west of the Appalachians which lay east of the Mississippi, north of Spanish Florida, and south of the Great Lakes. This area had been relinquished by Great Britain by the Treaty of 1783 and, with the exception of Kentucky, now became the property of the United States. It was the first area over which the states as a group had complete sovereignty, subject only to the claims of the various Indian tribes. Colonies fresh from …

Federal Income Taxation-Accounting Methods-Accounting For Prepayments And Estimated Future Expenses, Jerome M. Salle S.Ed.

Michigan Law Review

"It is the essence of any system of taxation that it should produce revenue ascertainable, and payable to the government, at regular intervals." In order to obtain regular periodic revenues from the federal income tax, Congress requires all taxpayers to determine their taxable income annually.

Income may be defined as "value added" as a result of a given economic activity. Logically, the most opportune time to measure income occurs whenever that activity has ended, for at that time the continuous growth or contraction in the attributable value will likewise have ended and the income or loss from the activity will …

Vol. 13, No. 8, October 26, 1962, University Of Michigan Law School

Res Gestae

•Davies Speaks on "Criminal Law Reform in England" •Larceny in Lawyers Club •Miscellaneous Morsels •At the Frat •Res Gestae Sports Staff Pix •At the Flicks •Quadsville Quotes

Vol. 13, No. 5, October 12, 1962, University Of Michigan Law School

Res Gestae

•Foreign Student Profiles •Probate Precautions •Law Club Picnic •Cook v. Cook •Law Club Speaker •Law Wives •Fraternally •Res Gestae Sports Staff Pix •At the Flicks •Quadsville Quotes

Federal Courts-Choice Of Law-Refusal To Apply State Limitation To Federally-Created Right, Paul Tractenberg

Michigan Law Review

Plaintiffs, two corporations and a joint venture, brought suit in a federal district court in California for damages arising from alleged unfair labor practices by defendant unions. Jurisdiction was based primarily on section 303(b) of the Labor-Management Relations Act which creates a private right of action in persons injured by unlawful secondary boycott activities. Defendants moved to dismiss, contending that the action was barred by the applicable statute of limitations, which, in the absence of any federal limitation specifically pertaining to actions under section 303, was the appropriate California statute. Plaintiffs, on the other hand, maintained that the pervasiveness of …

Congressional Repair Of The Erie Derailment, Leonard V. Quigley

Michigan Law Review

It is the thesis of this article that such legislative review and repair is required today on the part of the federal legislature in regard to the diversity jurisdiction of the federal courts. Such reconsideration is particularly appropriate where, as in the analogous commerce clause area, the subject matter has been committed specifically to the Congress by the Constitution.

Federal Antitrust Law--Price Discrimination--Proof And Measurement Of Damages In Treble Damage Action, Richard A. Miller S.Ed.

Michigan Law Review

Section 2(a) of the Robinson-Patman Act makes it unlawful for a seller to charge buyers who compete with each other different prices for commodities of like grade and quality. Price discrimination which violates this section operates to confer an unlawful benefit upon a favored buyer by making his costs of obtaining, using, or reselling the particular commodities involved lower than the similar costs of non-favored buyers and puts non-favored buyers at a competitive disadvantage to the extent that the difference in costs affects the ability of favored and non-favored buyers to compete with one another. If this wrongfully induced competitive …

Federal Procedure-Appellate Practice-"Excusable Neglect" In Failing To Perfect Criminal Appeal Provides No Ground For Collateral Review Of Conviction, H. C. Snyder Jr.

Michigan Law Review

After the ten-day period for filing a notice of appeal from a federal criminal conviction had expired, defendant filed a motion under section 2255 of the Judicial Code to set aside his sentence under a conviction for armed robbery. The motion was based on the improper admission of a confession given during an allegedly unlawful detention. The district court denied the motion on the ground that the error asserted did not amount to a denial of a constitutional right and that only constitutional defects are subject to attack after the time for an appeal has expired. The District of Columbia …

Hurst: Law And Social Process In United States History, Robert S. Hunt

Michigan Law Review

A Review of Law and Social Process in United States History. By James Willard Hurst.

Space Communications And The Law: Adequate International Control After 1963?, Samuel D. Estep, Amalya L. Kearse

Michigan Law Review

During the current year, a space event of legal and technological significance will occur. The American Telephone and Telegraph Company (A.T. & T.), using the launching facilities of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), will launch its first satellite for research in the area of commercial communications.† The A.T. & T. sphere will be the first tested by a private, commercial organization specifically for business purposes- to implement a plan eventually to provide increased and improved telecommunications on a grand scale at a lower cost. The satellite will relay television signals from the United States to England, Germany, and …

Periodical Index, Michigan Law Review

Michigan Law Review

This index includes articles, comments and some of the longer notes which have appeared in leading law reviews since the publication of the last issue of this Review.

Legal, Medical And Psychiatric Considerations In The Control Of Prostitution, B. J. George Jr.

Michigan Law Review

In common with other nations of the world the United States today as in the past is faced with the problem of controlling prostitution, particularly in urban areas. At one time or another states and cities in the United States have experimented with the classic methods of controlling prostitution: reglementation, segregation and repression. Reglementation of individual houses or prostitutes has never been carried out on a statewide basis in any state in the United States, though one can find instances in certain large cities in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries in which city ordinances or de facto police regulations …

Insurance-Rate Regulation-Construction And Effect Of Guaranty Bond Agreement, Robert L. Harmon

Michigan Law Review

Plaintiff, an insurance agents' association and several other insurance companies and associations, instituted an action attacking an order of the State Board of Insurance. The order approved a guaranty bond form, together with rates and rules, which had been submitted to ,the Board pursuant to statute by the defendant insurance company. The guaranty agreement was an arrangement whereby defendant guaranteed payment of losses under fire insurance policies of other insurers in the event the latter should be unable to pay. Although the bond form was not restricted to any specific original insurers, it was contemplated that defendant would use ,the …

Torts-Libel-Constitutionality Of Retraction Statute Eliminating General Damages Recovery, John W. Galanis

Michigan Law Review

Following publication of allegedly libelous statements made by defendants during a televised news broadcast, plaintiff commenced an action to recover damages. Defendants' motion to strike the allegations of general and punitive damages was granted by the trial court since the complaint did not allege that defendants intended to defame plaintiff, or that defendants refused to publish a requested retraction of a non-intentional libel, both of which are conditions precedent to recovery of such damages under the Oregon statute. Plaintiff failed to plead further and judgment was entered for defendants. On appeal to the Oregon Supreme Court, held, affirmed. The …

Banking-Disclosure Of Records-The Duty Of A Bank As To Customer Information, Robert B. Wessling S.Ed.

Michigan Law Review

The purpose of this comment, therefore, is to describe the scope of the banker's duty as to customer information as best it can be discerned in light of the increasing exchange of credit information and increasing resort to such information by government agencies-particularly the Internal Revenue Service. In the process, it is hoped that attention will be drawn to the uncertainty which exists in this area, perhaps prompting action by the states or the banks themselves to clarify the scope of the duty and to encourage uniform treatment of customer information in a manner consistent with this duty.

Taxation-Federal Estate Tax-The Construction Of Section 2036, William S. Bach S .Ed.

Michigan Law Review

This comment will explore two problems: first, an analysis of the legislative history of the present section 2036 in an effort to discover exactly which property relationships Congress intended to reach by this provision; second, an examination of the treatment which several specific arrangements have been given by the courts to determine whether there is any degree of certainty or predictability in the application of section 2036.

The Casual Relation Issue In Negligence Law, Leon Green

Michigan Law Review

Two significant legal studies of "Causation"-one English, one American-have been recently published. The English book brings to the subject more scholarly learning and a more comprehensive examination of its literature than any other book that has been written. The authors are devoted disciples of causation principles and make a stout defense of the causation concept as the structural core of negligence law. They examine the philosophical, common sense and semantic backgrounds of causal concepts as the basis of legal liability, find that they have merit, and launch extended, and sometimes devastating, attack upon theories that question their adequacy, though in …

Damages-Pain And Suffering-Use Of A Mathematical Formula, Thomas D. Heekin S .Ed.

Michigan Law Review

Measurement of damages for pain and suffering is, in a sense, an attempt to measure the unmeasurable; yet as long as our law recognizes a right to recover for pain and suffering, the jury or judge must arrive at some concrete figure. The traditional approach of simply instructing the jury that they should arrive at a reasonable amount provides little, if any, guidance. The question is whether this approach, nevertheless, remains the best of a bad lot of alternatives. If more guidance is desirable, what can be accomplished within the framework of our present system? The mathematical formula discussed in …

Constitutional Law-Civil Rights-Solitary Confinement Of Prisoner's Based On Religious Belief, Harvey Friedman

Michigan Law Review

Plaintiff prisoner brought an action in a federal district court under the Civil Rights Act to enjoin the defendant, a New York state prison warden, from further subjecting him to solitary confinement because of his religious beliefs. The district court refused to take jurisdiction on the ground that solitary confinement involved state prison discipline which was reviewable only in state courts. On appeal, held, reversed, one judge dissenting. A complaint by a prisoner against a state prison official which charges violation of a "preferred freedom" by religious persecution states a claim under the Civil Rights Act which the district …

Securities Regulation- Federal Courts-Private Rights Of Action Under The Investment Company Act Of 1940, Lee D. Powar

Michigan Law Review

Two actions for damages were brought against officers and directors of a mutual investment fund alleging violations of the Investment Company Act of 1940. These actions, by the fund itself and by a stockholder on behalf of the fund, were consolidated in a federal district court. The court denied defendant's motion to dismiss for want of federal jurisdiction. On an interlocutory appeal by the non-affiliated directors, held, reversed. The Investment Company Act of 1940 does not expressly or by implication create a private right of action cognizable in the federal courts against non-affiliated directors. Brouk v. Managed Funds, Inc. …

Donnelly, Goldstein & Schwartz: Criminal Law, B. J. George Jr.

Michigan Law Review

A Review of Criminal Law. By Richard C. Donnelly, Joseph Goldstein and Richard D. Schwartz.

Periodical Index, Michigan Law Review

Michigan Law Review

This index includes articles, comments and some of the longer notes which have appeared in leading law reviews since the publication of the last issue of this Review.

Chinese Communist Law: Its Background And Development, Luke T. Lee

Michigan Law Review

It is perhaps axiomatic to state that law is more than an instrument for the settlement of disputes and punishment of wrongdoers; it is, more importantly, a reflection of the way of life and the philosophy of the people that live under it. Self-evident though the above may be, it bears repeating here, for there is a much greater need for understanding Chinese law now than ever before. China's growing ideological, political, economic, and military impact on the rest of the world would alone serve as a powerful motivation for the study of its law. Certainly, we could not even …