Digital Commons Network^™

Leaf Appearance Rate Of Native And Introduced Grasses Under Different Intensities Of Continuous Grazing (Argentina), M G. Agnusdei, A Mazzanti, J Cordero, M H. Wade

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Results of two grazing experiments on the effect of maintaining contrasting sward states upon leaf appearance rate of individual tillers (LAR) and tiller density (D) are reported. The following species were evaluated: Cynodon dactylon(Cd), Leersia hexandra(Lh), y Paspalum dilatatum(Pd) in a natural grassland of the Flooding Pampa, and Festuca arundinacea in a sown pasture. Except for Pd, LAR decreased with the increment of sward surface height. The degree of this morphogenetic plasticity varied among species. Implications for the stability of grass populations under continuous grazing are suggested; the effect of sward state upon LAR may represent one alternative way …

Grazing Systems Research In The Falkland Islands, J A. Kerr

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Conceptual models of both the metabolisable energy (ME) balance of sheep in relation to the environment and the effects heavy grazing on vegetation and soils will form the basis for the development of a sustainable grazing system for wool production in the Falkland Islands. Research which integrates plant community ecology, agricultural meteorology, sheep energetics, grazing systems and socio-economics is described.

Wool Production From Annual Pastures Intensively Grazed By Wethers In Southern Western Australia, M W. Hyder, A N. Thompson, P T. Doyle, M Grimm, P J. Michael

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Intensively grazing annual pastures in southern Western Australia to target amounts of feed on offer increased the greasy wool production per hectare three-fold or more compared to production from a setstocked grazing regime. Feed on offer was maintained at 0.8, 1.1, 1.4, 2.0, 2.8 t DM/ha during spring and wool growth per hectare compared to that of sheep set-stocked at the district average of 8 sheep/ha. The role of intensive grazing as a tactic to increase production and profitability of wool producers in Mediterranean environments is discussed.

Utilized Metabolizable Energy And Its Impacts On The Management Of Grass Pastures In The Central Chaco Of Paraguay, D Stosiek, A Glatzle, R Schultze-Kraft

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Animal production from sown pastures of Gatton Panic (Panicum maximum Jacq.) and Estrella (Cynodon nlemfuënsis Vand.) on a luvic Kastanozem in the Central Chaco of Paraguay (mean annual rainfall 850 mm) was measured over two years (Sep. 1992 to Nov. 1994). The pastures were grazed continuously by Brahman X Hereford steers at six stocking densities, ranging from 0.5 to 2.0 American Animal Units (1 AU = 454 kg) per hectare. Herbage availability, chemical composition (ME, XP, fibre) and cattle liveweight gains were measured at four weekly intervals. Building regression models for Utilized metabolizable energy (UME in GJ/ha) and …

Milk Production From Ruzi Grass Alone, Ruzi Mixed With Leucaena And Ruzi Supplemented With Dolichos Lablab, S Tudsri, S Prasanpanich, S Swasdiphanich

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Three groups of dairy cattle were compared under different grazing managements viz. strip-grazed on pure ruzi grass (Brachiaria ruziziensis), strip-grazed on mixed pasture between ruzi and leucaena (Luecaena luecocephala) and strip-grazed on pure ruzi and supplemented with lablab (Lablab purpureus). The results showed that the animals that received the legumes through supplementary or mixed with the grass produced higher in daily milk yield (13.63 and 13.26 kg/cow) and fat percentage (4.7 and 4.5) than that of the pure grass alone (12.00 kg/cow for milk yield and 4.2 % for fat). This advantage was due …

Zea Mays Grazing In Cattle Production Systems, V Mundy, B E. Anderson, T L. Gompert, T L. Mader, C A. Shapiro

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Nebraska producers have used silage maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids as a grazed forage in dairy and beef production systems. In an onfarm case study, farmers and researchers collaborated to gather information on production practices, grazing management, and plant characteristics of grazing maize within three forage-based dairy and beef systems. Production practices were generally similar to conventional grain corn production, except that in one system maize was seeded directly into a suppressed grass sod. Milk production from grazing maize was 23 kg/day/animal, compared to 24 kg/day/ animal before using maize and 22 kg/day/animal after using maize. Average gain of …

Grazing Management Of Lotus In Eastern Australia: A Participatory Approach, M J. Blumenthal, J F. Ayers, Z Hochman

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Both Lotus uliginosus Schkukr and L. corniculatus L. require lenient grazing management for persistent production. However, grazing systems, where Lotus is adapted in eastern Australia are based on intermittent set stocking. Conflict between plant ecophysiology and the adverse influences of traditional grazing systems that limit the adoption of new grazing management technology have been addressed by a participatory (co-learning) research and development process. The approach taken involved the use of a facilitator who ran an initial meeting to involve stakeholders and subsequently established “colearning” groups and “co-learning” experimental sites. These sites are monitored, progress is reviewed, and knowledge is …

Rhizobium Specificity In Leucaena, B F. Mullen, V E. Frank, R A. Date

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Twenty-seven accessions of Leucaena, representing 20 species, were assessed for effective N-fixing symbioses in association with 13 strains of Rhizobium in N-free conditions in a glasshouse. Fifteen accessions formed effective symbioses with most strains of Rhizobium. Only 4 accessions required specific strains. Conversely, 9 of the strains of Rhizobium formed effective symbioses with most accessions of Leucaena. Only one strain was ineffective. Strains CB3060 and CB3126 were effective with 21 and 22 accessions of Leucaena, respectively.

Agronomic Performance Of 118 Leucaena Accessions In The Subtropical Environment Of Southeast Queensland, Australia, B F. Mullen, H M. Shelton

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The DM productivity in contrasting environments of 118 Leucaena accessions was evaluated in sub-tropical Australia over a 2 year period. Harvests were timed to coincide with hot/wet and cool/dry seasons and data were analysed to compare growth in these environments. Eleven accession groups were identified by cluster analysis. Group 1, which contained F1 and F4 interspecific hybrids, were highly productive in all environments. Growth of L. leucocephala accessions was severely checked by psyllids in hot/ wet environments. Four groups comprising 60 accessions were unproductive in all environments. Identification of specific adaptation to cold temperature within groups in psyllid susceptible accessions …

The Effects Of Storage Period On The Germinability Of Rhodes Grass (Chloris Gayana), K C. Kawonga

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

An experiment was initiated to investigate the post harvest changes in the seed quality of Rhodes grass (Chloris gayana). The aim of the study was to find out the causes of poor germination of locally produced Rhodes grass seed. Random samples (72) were taken from a seed lot grown at Golden Valley Research Station. Seventy-two random samples were subdivided into groups of twelve and were stored at six locations. Half the samples were stored at room temperature and the other half were stored in the refrigerator for a period of one to six months. The germination test was …

Technology Development Of Pasture Seed Production For Small Scale Farmers In Uganda, P Lusembo, E N. Sabiiti, C Ebong

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Pasture seed production by smallholder farmers in Uganda is hardly developed. The stages of development since the early 1960s are described as initial forage evaluation for adaptability and productivity of various species, seed production trials in relation to plant population, fertilizer requirements and the use of support systems for climbing forage legumes. Annual seed production by smallholder farmers, under an informal seed production system, is reported to have risen from 1,200kg in 1989 to over 35 metric tonnes of forage legume seed in 1995. This was attributed to the availability of appropriate seed production technology and the presence of a …

Flowering Cycle-Related Seed Quality Parameters On 15 New Guineagrass (Panicum Maximum Jacq.) Hybrids, R Usberti, A Usberti Jr, R S. Paterniani

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Fifteen new guineagrass (Panicum maximum Jacq) hybrids, widely variable in flowering cycles, were tested for eleven seed quality parameters: seed viability (tetrazolium)-TZ; normal germination (with and without previous chemical scarification)-TG and NG; presence of viable seeds after the germination tests- RSTG and RSNG; seed dormancy-DTG and DNG; germination rate-TGR and NGR and seed vigor (after accelerated aging test) -AATG and AANG. The genetic materials used presented no significant differences for tetrazolium seed viability. Late- and intermediate-flowering genotypes showed the highest correlations between flowering cycle and seed quality for TG, NG, TGR and NGR (r= 0.468**; 0.731**; 0.422* and 0.683**, …

Effect Of Plant Density On Yield And Yield Components And Seed Chemical Composition Of Some Sunflower Varieties, N A. Noueldin, M E. El-Bially, B A. El-Ahmer, M G. El-Baz

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The objective of this research is to study the effect of varieties (Mayak, Elorida 2000 and sigce 475), hill distance (20, 30 and 40 cm) and ridge width (50, 60 and 70 cm) on productivity of sunflower (Helianthus annus L.). The highest oil % was obtained by sowing sigco 475 at a 40 cm hills distince under 60 cm. ridge width and the highest oil yield feddan-1* as well as seed yield feddan-1 was obtained by sowing Mayak on 20cm hills under a 50cm ridge width.

Seed Banks In A Natural Pasture In Tasmania, Australia: Implications For Species Composition Change, D A. Friend, A S. Cameron, A J. Povey, P L. Dolan

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Seed banks in a natural pasture in Tasmania were examined as part of a study of the effects of grazing on changes in species composition. The dominant native perennial grasses had relatively low seed banks, whereas annual grasses, sedges, rushes and a number of forbs had relatively high seed banks. The results confirm the vulnerability of the native grasses to local extinction in the event of loss of the established plants, e.g. through overgrazing.

Tropical Forage Seed Production In Southeast Asia: Current Status And Prospects, C Phaikaew, L Guodao, A Abdullah, M Tuhulele, E Magboo, B Bouahom, W Stur

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The demand for forage seed in southeast Asia has increased in recent years. More than 1,200 tons of seed were produced in Thailand in 1995 with smaller quantities of seed having been produced in China, Lao PDR, Malaysia, Philippines and Indonesia. Large quantities have been produced of Brachiaria ruziziensis, Stylosanthes hamata, Stylosanthes guianensis and Panicum maximum. There are good prospects to increase forage seed production and to develop trade between countries in the southeast Asian region. There is a need to increase seed production of widely adapted species, and expand production of forages for other purposes such as turf …

Traditional Grassland And Fodder Management Systems In Tanzania And Potential For Improvement, R M. Otsyina, I Essai, D Asenga

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The “Ngitiri” fodder conservation system was developed by the Sukuma agro-pastoralists as a strategy to alleviate acute dry season fodder constraints. This traditional agroforestry system provides the basis and opportunities for development of improved silvipastoral systems. Ngitiri is a major source of dry season fodder supply for livestock and thatch for roofing. The system is widespread in the Sukuma landuse system in central Tanzania. This paper presents the scope and importance of the Ngitiri system, management aspects, constraints, and farmers’ perceptions on improvement. Implications for agroforestry technology development in the Sukuma agropastoral system are also discussed.

Forage Seed Production In Egypt For Domestic Marker And For Export, M A. El-Nahrawy, A Rammah, O Niemelainen

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In Egypt, no major effort is made to provide local and export markets with seeds of correctly identified and pure cultivars of forage crops in spite of the existence of all the essential factors for a successful seed industry. A wide genetic base of indigenous forage crops such as berseem clover and alfalfa, proper irrigation, a harvest and seed maturation period free from rain, sunshine and clear sky all year and highly fertile soils in isolated areas are available. Moreover, uncertified, uncontrolled and unidentified local seeds of berseem clover and alfalfa are highly demanded by foreign markets due to their …

Community-Level Factors And Their Associations With Changing Opioid Overdose Fatality Rates In Kentucky, 2019–2021, Shawn R. Nigam, Philip M. Westgate, Svetla Slavova, Rachel Vickers-Smith, Katherine L. Thompson

Journal of Appalachian Health

Introduction: Kentucky has one of the highest opioid overdose fatality rates in the United States, which has increased significantly from 2019 to 2020. The COVID-19 pandemic has caused lasting effects on mental health and health care, which have been linked with increased opioid overdose. These effects are exacerbated in Appalachian regions, where there is a lack of sufficient access to community pharmacies and adequate health care.

Purpose: In this study, we characterize changes in opioid overdose fatality rates in Kentucky from 2019 to 2021, with a specific focus on changes in Appalachian vs non-Appalachian counties. We aim to identify associations …

Energy And Environmental Analyses Of A Solar–Gas Turbine Combined Cycle With Inlet Air Cooling, Ahmad M. Abubaker, Adnan Darwish Ahmad, Binit B. Singh, Yaman M. Manaserh, Loiy Al-Ghussain

Institute of Research for Technology Development Faculty Publications

Sensitivity to ambient air temperatures, consuming a large amount of fuel, and wasting a significant amount of heat dumped into the ambient atmosphere are three major challenges facing gas turbine power plants. This study was conducted to simultaneously solve all three aforementioned GT problems using solar energy and introducing a new configuration that consists of solar preheating and inlet-air-cooling systems. In this study, air was preheated at a combustion chamber inlet using parabolic trough collectors. Then, inlet air to the compressor was cooled by these collectors by operating an absorption cooling cycle. At the design point conditions, this novel proposed …

Mechanisms And Mass Transfer Kinetics Of Cr(Vi) Adsorbed By Mussel Shell Incorporated Adsorptive Membrane, Mohamad Ali Fulazzaky, Nur Atikah Abdul Salim, Mohd Hafiz Puteh, Tiffany L. Messer, Mohd Hafiz Dzarfan Othman, Juhana Jaafar, Ahmad Fauzi Ismail, Mukhlis A. Rahman

UK CARES Faculty Publications

The presence of Cr(VI) results in pollution that threatens human health and aquatic life. Therefore, there is an urgent need for Cr(VI) to be removed from contaminated water. The mussel shell incorporated polyethersulfone (MSPES) membranes designed to form the flat sheet adsorptive membrane (FSAM) crossflow treatment systems was used to remove Cr(VI) from synthetic solution. The physicochemical properties of the MSPES membrane were verified using an atomic force microscope, scanning electron microscope, and water contact angle goniometer. The performance of MSPES2.0 to remove Cr(VI) ions ranged from 15.00 to 16.05 % was higher than that of MSPES2.2 ranged from 10.00 …

Forage News [2024-07], University Of Kentucky

Forage News

No abstract provided.

Protease Expression In The Human And Rat Cumulus–Oocyte Complex During The Periovulatory Period: A Role In Cumulus–Oocyte Complex Migration, Ketan Shrestha, Muraly Puttabyatappa, Michelle Arelia Ann Wynn, Patrick R. Hannon, Linah Al-Alem, Katherine L. Rosewell, James Akin, Thomas E. Curry

UK CARES Faculty Publications

The migratory and matrix-invading capacities of the cumulus–oocyte complex have been shown to be important for the ovulatory process. In metastatic cancers, these capacities are due to increased expression of proteases, however, there is limited information on protease expression in the cumulus–oocyte complexes. The present study examined cumulus–oocyte complex expression of plasmins, matrix metalloproteases, and A Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase with Thrombospondin Motifs family members in the rat and human. In the rat, human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) administration increased cumulus–oocyte complex expression of Mmp2, Mmp9, Mmp13, Mmp14, Mmp16, Adamts1, and the protease inhibitors Timp1, Timp3, and Serpine1 by 8–12 h. This …

Mapping Recent Timber Harvest Activity In A Temperate Forest Using Single Date Airborne Lidar Surveys And Machine Learning: Lessons For Conservation Planning, G. Bursh Fisher, Andrew J. Elmore, Matthew C. Fitzpatrick, Darin J. Mcneil, Jeff W. Atkins, Jeffery L. Larkin

Earth and Environmental Sciences Faculty Publications

Effective planning for natural resource management and wildlife conservation requires detailed information on vegetation structure at landscape scales and how structure is influenced by land- use practices. In many forested landscapes, the largest impacts of land use on forest structure are driven by forest management activities, which can include invasive species control, prescribed fire, partial harvests (e.g. shelterwood harvests) or overstory removals and clearcuts. Active timber management is often used to achieve forest conservation objectives, but to be used effectively, managers require knowledge of harvest frequency and extent in adjacent forests and at landscape scales. In this paper, we develop …

Performance And Environmental Assessment Of Biochar-Based Membranes Synthesized From Traditional And Eco-Friendly Solvents, Abelline Katusiime Fionah, Isaac Oluk, Laura Brady, Diana M. Byrne, Isabel Escobar

UK CARES Faculty Publications

Water contamination resulting from coal spills is one of the largest environmental problems affecting communities in the Appalachia Region of the United States. This coal slurry contains potentially toxic substances, such as hydrocarbons, heavy metals, and coal cleaning chemicals, and its leakage into water bodies (lakes, rivers, and aquifers) can lead to adverse health effects not only for freshwater bodies and plant life but also for humans. This study focused on two major experiments. The first experiment involved the use of biochar to create a biochar–polysulfone (BC-PSf) flat-sheet multifunctional membrane to remove organic contaminants, and the other major experiment compared …

Measuring Uk Libraries User Satisfaction: Ukl Libqual+ 2024 Results, Julene L. Jones

Library Presentations

Presentation based on the University of Kentucky's 2024 LibQUAL+ implementation

Examining The Progress In Additive Manufacturing In Supporting Lean, Green And Sustainable Manufacturing: A Systematic Review, Catherine Maware, Rumbidzai Muvunzi, Tinotenda Machingura, Ilesanmi Daniyan

Institute for Sustainable Manufacturing Faculty Publications

The quest for waste reduction and the development of manufacturing processes that meet the economic, social and environmental requirements necessitate this study. Additive manufacturing is an emerging digital technology that can be used to seamlessly develop a product through material deposition in layers. The study aims to investigate the progress made in the development of additive manufacturing to support lean, green and sustainable manufacturing. The study employs a systematic literature review approach, specifically the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA). A total of 158 articles identified from different academic databases that detailed empirical, conceptual and theoretical findings …

A Comprehensive Study Of Library-Led Textbook Affordability Initiatives In The United States, Mitchell Scott, Rachel E. Scott

Library Faculty and Staff Publications

This study presents findings from a survey and interviews investigating library-led textbook affordability initiatives in the United States. The results document diverse considerations and divergences in workflows, challenges librarians face in establishing and maintaining textbook affordability programs, and the intersection of these initiatives with library and institutional strategies. Findings suggest that these programs have grown in number and scale over the past few years, accelerated by the COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns, and are sustained—even without permanent, designated funding—due to consistently positive perceptions about their impact on student success, just-in-time delivery, and alignment with library and institutional goals.

University Of Kentucky Libraries' Libqual+ Report 2024, Julene L. Jones

Library Faculty and Staff Publications

Report of University of Kentucky's 2024 LibQUAL+ results

Pulsing-Induced Healing Of A Surface Crack Of A Nickel-Based Alloy, Liwei Wang, Mingming Quan, Zhen Tan, Ming Liu, Dianlong Wang, Xiao Yang, Ying Liu, Yaning Mao, Zhimin Liang, Fuqian Yang

Chemical and Materials Engineering Faculty Publications

In this work, we demonstrate the feasibility of applying electric pulses to heal surface cracks on nickel-based alloy GH4169 under compressive load. There exists an incubation time for the onset of the healing of a crack, which is associated with local temperature at the crack tip. The crack size decreases with increasing the pulsing time at a constant healing rate prior to complete healing of the crack. Increasing compressive load accelerates the healing process. The electric pulsing leads to the formation of an influential zone surrounding the crack with the finest grain sizes in the healed crack and the coarsest …

Developing A Cross-Asset Allocation Mechanism, Jon Wilcoxson, Bryan Gibson, Bethany Paris

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

The Kentucky Transportation Cabinet (KYTC) has developed several tools and methods to compare the value of proposed projects within specific programs and asset classes, including the Enhanced Bridge Prioritization Index, Enhanced Pavement Prioritization Index, and the Strategic Highway Investment Formula for Tomorrow (SHIFT). Although immensely valuable, these methods and tools do not offer a convenient way of comparing the contributions of individual projects to meeting overall KYTC performance goals. As such, the Cabinet needs a robust mechanism for comparing the impact of projects across its capital, safety, and asset management programs. Following a review of cross-asset allocation frameworks described in …