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Oat Grazing: Forage Composition And Supplementation Response, A J. Freddi, M J. Arzadun, A A. Pissani, P Sastre

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Oat forage (Avena sativa), which has low soluble carbohydrates (SC) and high soluble protein (SP) content, can reduce liveweight gain of grazing animals; supplementation with grain and low degradability protein may serve to counteract the effect. A grazing trial was carried out on two soils with different nitrogen (NO3 -) availability, from 16 April 1994 to 6 September 1994. Steers were randomly allocated to 3 treatments: low nitrogen (LN), high nitrogen (HN) and high nitrogen with supplementation (HNS). Forage of LN showed lower SP (p<0.05) during the first month of grazing, and higher SC (p<0.05), than HN during the first two months of the trial. Animal liveweight gain was: 892, 909 and 775 g/an/day for LN, HNS and HN, respectively, with animals in HN of significantly lower liveweight gain (p<0.05). Under the conditions of this trial, animals grazing on oat forage with lower SC and higher SP had lower liveweight gain and responded to supplementation.

Native And Introduced Forage Systems For Cow-Calf Production, S W. Coleman, W A. Phillips, J D. Volesky

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The objectives of this study was to compare a highly productive introduced warm-season perennial grass to native range for cowcalf production over two years. Three systems, 1) native range with pelleted soybean or cottonseed meal as winter protein supplement (NC); 2) native range with wheat pasture (NW); and 3) Plains Bluestem with wheat pasture (PB) were compared. Protein supplements were given twice weekly and cows grazing wheat pasture were allowed 6 hrs to graze. Cows on NW were heavier with higher condition at breeding in the spring of 1994 than those on NC and cows on PB were heavier and …

Rotational Stocking And Soil Nutrient Distribution On Hawaiian Grasslands, B W. Mathews, J P. Tritschler, L E. Sollenberger

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

A naturalized kikuyu (Pennisetum clandestinum Hochst. ex Chiov.) grassland was grazed by heifers (Bos taurus) for 2 years to determine the effects of two rotational stocking methods (short vs. long grazing periods) on soil N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and S distribution in paddocks with natural shade. Additionally, kikuyugrass-greenleaf desmodium (Desmodium intortum Urb.) paddocks were used to evaluate soil nutrient distribution in rotationally stocked paddocks (long grazing periods) without shade. In the study with shade, soil N, P, and K distribution did not differ between stocking methods. These nutrients accumulated within 15 m of shade, but did not …

Relationship Between Height And Sward Quality In Rotational Dairy Systems, M R. Mosquera-Losada, A Gonzalez-Rodriguez

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Height is a good guide for management in dairy systems.Intake by dairy cows depends on amount offered and quality of pasture and for this reason a relationship between that offered and pasture quality with height should be studied. The experiment was conducted in NW of Spain with three different stocking rates in dairy systems. A lower quality sward was found in the taller offered pasture as indicated by its higher ADF and lower CP percentages. Total sward ADF (kg x ha-a) was higher in taller offered pasture, which indicated a lower pasture quality, however the total CP was positively related …

Non-Destructive Methods For The Estimation Of Sward Production, M R. Mosquera-Losada, A Gonzalez-Rodriguez

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Two non- destructive methods of grass production were compared: grassmeter and sward stick, in order to find an equation for transforming one into the other in dairy rotational systems. Linear, logarithmic and quadratic equations were fitted to the data. Linear equation was preferred by simplicity. General equations which included all the year periods showed no differences between sward stick and grassmeter. A detailed study of the different phenology states showed lower heights with grassmeter than with the sward stick method, which should take into account grazing management height recommendations.

Implementation, Enrollment, And Engagement In An Opt-Out Telehealth Pharmacist-Assisted Tobacco Treatment Program For Patients Seen In Oncology Outpatient Clinics, K. Michael Cummings, Benjamin A. Toll, Vincent Talbot, Avery Roberson, Dianne Wilson, Martha Dunlap, Emily C. Ware, Amanda M. Palmer, Asia A. Bliss, Vincent S. Anokye, Graham Warren

Markey Cancer Center Faculty Publications

OBJECTIVE: To describe the workflow, reach, cost, and self-reported quit rates for an opt-out tobacco treatment program (TTP) for patients seen in 43 oncology outpatient clinics.

METHODS: Between May 25, 2021, and December 31, 2022, adult patients (≥18 years) visiting clinics affiliated with the Medical University of South Carolina Hollings Cancer Center were screened for smoking status. Those currently smoking were referred to a telehealth pharmacy-assisted TTP. An attempt was made to contact referred patients by phone. Patients reached were offered free smoking cessation counseling and a 2-week starter kit of nicotine replacement medication. A random sample of 420 patients …

Iron Oxide Nanozymes Enhanced By Ascorbic Acid For Macrophage-Based Cancer Therapy, Zhongchao Yi, Xiaoyue Yang, Ying Liang, Sheng Tong

Markey Cancer Center Faculty Publications

In recent years, using pharmacological ascorbic acid has emerged as a promising therapeutic approach in cancer treatment, owing to its capacity to induce extracellular hydrogen peroxide (H2O 2) production in solid tumors. The H2 O 2 is then converted into cytotoxic hydroxyl free radicals (HO•) by redox-active Fe2+ inside cells. However, the high dosage of ascorbic acid required for efficacy is hampered by adverse effects such as kidney stone formation. In a recent study, we demonstrated the efficient catalytic conver- sion of H2 O2 to HO• by wüstite (Fe 1−xO) nanoparticles (WNPs) through a heterogenous Fenton reaction. Here, we explore …

Formation And Development Of The Center For Grassland Studies At The University Of Nebraska, M A. Massengale

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The Center for Grassland Studies was formed at the University of Nebraska in 1994 to implement focused interdisciplinary research, educational, and service programs and activities that emphasize the role of grasslands as a natural resource and conservation measure and that enhance the efficiency, profitability, sustainability, and aesthetic value of grasslands, wetlands, and turf. Although the Center is still in a developmental stage, it appears to be accomplishing those objectives.

The Transformation Of Greek Grasslands Under The Impact Of Socio-Economic Factors, R Thanopoulos

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The impact of socio-economic factors on the transformation of Greek grasslands is examined. Factors like urbanisation, migration, collapse of traditional way of life, social pressure for land distribution, intensification of agriculture shaped the evolution of grasslands. Thus, these factors should be taken into consideration for the planning of grasslands management.

Challenges Of Spatially Resolved Metabolism In Cancer Research, Andrew N. Lane, Richard M. Higashi, Teresa W-M Fan

Markey Cancer Center Faculty Publications

Stable isotope-resolved metabolomics comprises a critical set of technologies that can be applied to a wide variety of systems, from isolated cells to whole organisms, to define metabolic pathway usage and responses to perturbations such as drugs or mutations, as well as providing the basis for flux analysis. As the diversity of stable isotope-enriched compounds is very high, and with newer approaches to multiplexing, the coverage of metabolism is now very extensive. However, as the complexity of the model increases, including more kinds of interacting cell types and interorgan communication, the analytical complexity also increases. Further, as studies move further …

Data Requirements For Whole-Farm Economic Analysis Of Grazing Alternatives, R O. Burton Jr

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The purpose of this paper is to contribute to better communications among the agronomists, animal scientists, and agricultural economists on interdisciplinary teams, that wish to provide useful information to forage producers. This is accomplished by discussing major issues and data requirements for whole-farm economic analysis.

Native Grasslands Of Yugoslavia As A Potential For "Biologically High Quality Food" Production - To Be Preserved And Used For The Benefit Of All, Djordjevic-Milosevic Suzana, Negovanovic Dragan, Zakonovic Miodrag

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Natural grasslands are the base of the livestock production in the hilly-mountainous regions of Yugoslavia. Poor economic power of the owners of these areas brought about a complete dying out of agricultural production in these regions in the last few years. In the same time, the lack of financial resources made it impossible for the farmers to use the fertilisers, protective and other chemical agents which result in a high degree of environmental preservation. Due to current economic policy at this time the population has moved out and there is no industrialisation. The revival of agriculture on the hilly-mountainous regions …

Some Economics Problems Of Range Resource Analysis In Free And Open Access Environment, E Tedonkeng Pamo

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Economic analysis has been the traditional means by which the costs and benefits of rangeland conservation and sustained development have been identified. Conventional analysis has proved inadequate for dealing with the following realities : (1) open access in circumstances of poorly defined common-resource ownership tends to encourage over exploitation; (2) many costs of rangeland degradation involve externalities that will occur in the future; (3) the values of preservation and sustained management are substantial and can be translated into financial assistance; and (4) benefits from rangeland are not often appreciated because of lack of knowledge from rangeland. Recent approaches to economic …

Studies On The Distribution And Formation Of The Meadows In China, Feng Guojun, Zhang Xiujun, Zhu Libuo, Wei Shaocheng, Zhang Yongliang

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The lowland meadows are distributed on the Northeast Plains in the temperate zone in China, and its area became less and less with an increase of longitude. There are some regularities for the distribution of montane meadows, sub-montane meadows and cold-alpinal meadows. And the distribution and formation for meadows are independent upon the zonal climate and their environmental soil moisture.

Sward Structure Under Continuous And Rotation Grazing, V Pavlu, J Velich

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Sward structure under continuous (CG) and rotational (RG) grazing system was studied at an experimental pasture in the Jizerské hory mountains. Herbage mass and vertical distribution was assessed by cutting ten quadrats (0.1 x 0.5 m) and separated into grass, white clover, dandelion, other forbs and dead material. The proportions of grasses was higher at RG (on average 51% of the pasture mass) than at CG (41%). In the years with normal amount and distribution of precipitation the proportion of white clover was higher at CG (17%) than at RG (9%). The lack of summer precipitation damaged more significantly the …

Beef Cattle Production On Renovated Grass Pastures In Savannas Of Brazil, V.P B. Euclides, M.C M. Macedo, M P. Oliveira

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

A 3-year grazing trial was conducted, to study animal production on degraded grass pastures, renovated by two levels of fertilization. All paddocks were divided into halves: one received 1.5 t/ha of dolomitic limestone, 400 kg/ha of a fertilizer formula 0-16-18 and 50 kg/ha of microelements (FL1); and the other 3.0 t/ha , 800 kg/ha and 50 kg/ ha of the same fertilizers (FL2). Productivity on FL2 pastures was greater than that on FL1 pastures, averaging 565 and 395 kg of liveweight gain (LWG)/ha/year, respectively. For all grasses the productivity in both fertilizer treatments decreased linearly from the first to the …

Pasture Attributes And Live-Weight Gain Of Lambs Grazing With Different Supplementation Levels, P A. Martinez-Hernandez, M Meza-Nieto, J Perez-Perez, R Barcena, J G. Herrera

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The purpose of this study was to determine pasture attributes, liveweight gain and stocking rate from a mixed pasture grazed by lambs recieving different supplementation levels. There were four treatments: in two, lambs grazed at 4 or 8% herbage allowance, no supplement; in the other two, lambs grazed at 4% herbage allowance plus a concentrate to cover 25 and 30 or 50 and 60% of estimated daily needs of metabolizable energy and crude protein. Pasture was of perennial and annual ryegrass, orchard grass and red clover. Pre and postgrazing forage mass, crude protein and dead material were not different (P …

Characteristics Of Grass Species In Pasture For High Producing Cows In Northern Japan, K Sudo, K Ochiai, T Ikeda

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The prupose of this research was to investigate characteristics of grass species under different conditions appropriate to the intensive grazing system for high producing cows (8000 kg for a 305-day lactation) in northern Japan. Meadow fescue (Festuca elatior L.), timothy (Phleum pratense L.) and perennial ryegrass (Lolium perene L.) white clover (Trifolium repens L.) pastures were established and divided into two plots by difference of regulated plant height (meadow fescue and timothy) or of stocking intensity (perennial ryegrass). Each plot was 60m2 and was grazed when plant height reached 20cm or 30cm. Meadow fescue and perennial …

Live-Weight Gain Of Steers Grazing African Star Grass Four Herbage Allowances, J Perez-Perez, J O. Hernandez-Velez, J G. Herrera-Haro, R Barcena-Gama

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The objective was to determine weight changes of steers grazing African star grass (Cynodon plectostachyus) at four herbage allowances (2.0, 2.5, 3.0 and 3.5 kg of dry matter/100 kg of live weight day-1). A rotational grazing system with 10 grazing days and 30 days rest was followed. A Split Plot Design with four replications was used. Response variables were: daily gain per steer (DGS) and per hectare (DGH), dry matter forage yield (FY), % of utilization (% U) and in vitro dry matter digestibility (DMIVD). DGS and DGH were not different (P >0.05) among allowances and grazing periods. …

Strategic Use Of Brachiaria Decumbens Pasture To Beef Heifers During Dry Season, E G. Cardoso, N F. Seiffert, J Marques Da Silva, V.P. B. Euclides, J M. Vieira

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The main objective of this study was to evaluate a Brachiaria decumbens pasture, instead of a common rangeland, for zebu beef heifers during the dry season of the year as a means of anticipating the first calving age from four to three years of age, and so improve the production rate of the herd. Daily liveweight gains (DLWG) were analyzed for the effects of year and three stocking rates during the dry season (SR1=1.5; SR2=2.0 and SR3=2.5 head/ha). The main effect on heifers DLWG was the year (P<0.01), but SR was also important (P<0.05), mainly during the last half of the dry season when pastures are under severe constraints such as soil moisture deficit and low temperatures. The lowest SR presented the highest DLWG (0.204a, 0.174ab and 0.145b kg/head, respectively for SR1, SR2 and SR3), during the dry season. If climatic conditions are not exceptionally bad, heifer first calving occurs at 37 months of age when reared on B. decumbens.

Quality Grassland For Dairy Production In North-West Spain, A Gonzalez-Rodriguez

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

An experiment with two groups of 15 Friesian cows grazing independent areas, with no N and 240 kg N ha-1, was run during two years to see the levels of milk production based on a grass/white clover pasture, maintaining high levels of herbage quality. N application decrease clover content from 55% to 42%. The total DM response to N was low. Herbage utilization was maintained similar in both treatments. Moderate levels of milk production can be reached, more than 4000 litres cow-1 and 9000 litres ha-1, with low use of concentrates, only 400 kg cow-1. Crude protein levels were high …

Sward Height On The Performance Of Cow-Calf Units And Yearling Steers Grazing Cool Season Pasture, E C. Prigge, W B. Bryan, E L. Nestor

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Performance and grazing time of cow-calf units and yearling steers were determined over four years on naturalized cool season pastures maintained at a sward height of 4-6, 6-8, 8-10, or 10-12 cm. Daily gains of cows and steers responded quadratically (P<0.05) to increasing sward heights, with gains maximized at 8-10 cm. Milk production of the cows and gain of the calves were not affected (P>0.10) by sward height. Grazing days (cow-calf unit/hectare) decreased linearly (P<0.01) with increasing sward height. The proportion of the day spent grazing for cows and steers decreased in a linear manner (P<0.05) as pasture height increased. Cows spent less time grazing than steers (P<0.05) at all but the low pasture height.

Buffer Grazing For A Twelve Month Cow-Calf Production System, W B. Bryan, E C. Prigge, D J. Flaherty, G E. D'Souza

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Set stocking is a widely used grazing management for beef cow-calf production on Appalachian hill land pastures of the USA. A replicated study was conducted to compare a conventional (set stocking) and buffer grazing management. For the buffer system, grazing area was restricted in the spring and hay was harvested from the ungrazed area. In summer, a portion of this area (buffer) was grazed and a second cutting of hay removed from the remaining area. For the conventional treatment a fixed area was set stocked and hay was harvested on an area designated for hay only. Land areas and fertilizer …

Intensive Rotational Grazing Systems For Dairying In A Subtropical Environment: Animal, Plant, And Soil Responses, J H. Fike, C R. Staples, L E. Sollenberger, D A. Graetz

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Forage species, stocking rate, and supplementation rate effects upon performance of lactating dairy cows were studied. Forage mass and nutritive value and nutrient concentration in shallow groundwater also were measured. Cows (n = 44) grazed bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) or rhizoma peanut (Arachis glabrata), stocked at 4.9 or 7.4 cows ha-1, and 2.5 or 4.9 cows ha-1, respectively. Pelleted concentrate:whole cottonseed (80:20) was offered twice daily post milking at 1 kg per 2 or 3 kg of daily milk production. Cows grazing rhizoma peanut produced more (P = .076) milk per day but had greater (P = …

High Moisture Corn Supplementation Of Different Dry Matter Content To Cows Grazing Temperate Pasture, D H. Rearte, H Alvarez, F Santini

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The objective of this study was to evaluate grazing dairy cows performance supplemented with high moisture corn of different dry matter content. Cows grazed fresh forage oat day and night and received 5 kg DM high moisture corn daily. Treatments 1 and 2 were high moisture corn of 30% and 18% moisture content respectively. Twenty Holstein cows were used for milk production and composition studies and six rumen fistulated cows were used for rumen digestion studies. Milk production and composition and body weight gain were not affected by the dry matter content of the supplemented high moisture corn. Related to …

Intake Of High Producing Holstein Cows Grazing Pasture Or Fed A Total Mixed Ration, E S. Kolver, L D. Muller

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The ability of a pasture diet to support a high dry matter intake without supplementary feed was determined using 16 high producing Holstein cows. Cows (n=8) were adapted to an all-pasture diet by incrementally reducing the amount of total mixed ration (TMR) fed over four weeks. A control group of cows (n=8) remained in confinement and were fed a TMR. Performance of grazing cows differed significantly (P < 0.001) from TMR fed cows by intake (19.0 vs. 23.4 kg DM/d), milk production (29.6 vs. 44.1 kg/d), milk protein content (2.61 vs. 2.80%), liveweight (562.1 vs. 597.3 kg), and condition score (2.02 vs. 2.50). Results indicate that intake of good quality pasture is higher than previously estimated for high producing Holstein cows in the USA, but that milk production is 15 kg/d less than when cows are fed a TMR.

Cattle Production And Botanical Composition In Continuously Stocked Grass-Clover Swards, A Elgersma, H Schlepers

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The performance of grass-clover mixtures was evaluated under cattle grazing, and the relations between grass variety, clover content and animal production were studied during four years at three locations. The prostrate diploid perennial ryegrass variety formed a dense sward with less clover and less weeds than the tetraploid or the erect diploid ryegrass varieties, which contained about the same amount of clover in the mixture. The ryegrass tiller density was lowest in the tetraploid. These differences between mixtures were not reflected in differences in animal performance or net energy production.

Production Efficiency Benchmarks For Irrigated Dairying In South Eastern Australia, K E. Pritchard, O A. Gyles, D P. Armstrong, S L. Spiteri

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Milk production from grazed irrigated pasture is an important industry in south eastern Australia. Irrigation water is essential for perennial pastures, but the efficiency with which the irrigation water is used to produce milk varies widely between farms. As irrigation water is a limiting resource, future productivity increases will depend on increasing the amount of milk produced per unit of water applied. This research project estimates metabolisable energy utilised from grazed pasture, using energy values for animal requirements, products and feedstuffs. Efficiency criteria, in terms of production per hectare of irrigated pasture, per megalitre of irrigation water, and per cow …

Grazing Management And Nitrogen Fertilizer Effects In Grazing Systems For Beef Cows, D G. Morrison, C C. Willis, D L. Castle, G J. Cuomo

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Four 8-ha areas, primarily Cynodon dactylon forage, were overseeded in autumn with annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) and clover (Trifolium incarnatum and Trifolium repens). Two areas received no nitrogen (N) fertilizer and two received 168 kg N/ha annually. Within N level (2 x 2 factorial), one area was divided into 4 paddocks (pad) and the other into 16 pad for rotational grazing. Spring-calving beef cows were stocked (2.5/ha) year-round on each area with calves weaned in October. Annual dry matter forage accumulation was greater where N was applied (18.2 vs 14.2 Mg/ha, P=.02) but was unaffected by …

Sheep Production On An Annual And Perennial Pasture In Southwest Australia, P Sanford, J Gladman, L Cransberg

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Sheep production on an annual and perennial pasture stocked at 11.5 dse/ha, was compared in a mediterranen environment at Manypeaks in Western Australia. The annual sward comprised of 48% subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.), 20 % annual grasses (Lolium rigidum Gaudin, Hordeum leporinum Link, Vulpia bromoides (L.) S.F. Gray) and 32% capeweed (Arctotheca calendula L.). The perennial sward was 19% kikuyu (Pennisetum clandestinum), 36% subterranean clover, 43% annual grasses (Lolium rigidum Gaudin, Hordeum leporinum Link, Vulpia bromoides (L.) S.F. Gray) and only 2% capeweed which was displaced by kikuyu. Both pasture types had similar growth …