Digital Commons Network^™

Influence Of Cutting Frequency On Quantity And Quality Of Root Matter Of Different Grasses After Two Years Of Utilization, J Stuczynska, S Jakubowski

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The effect of cutting date and cutting frequency on the formation of the root system of several forage grasses was investigated in experiments over several years. The grass species differed in their response. Best tolerance of cutting was found in Festuca arundinacea, with Dactylis glomerata and Phalaris arundinacea ranking second and third, respectively. Bromus unio­loides was the most susceptible species. The amount of nitrogen contained in the dry matter decreased, for example in Dactylis, as the number of cuts increased. The mineral content of stubble and roots tends to increase as the cutting frequency goes up.

Trends Of Development In The Production Of Artificially Dried Feeds, M A. Smurygin

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In recent years, many countries have seen trends towards specialization and enlargement of pro­duction units and transition to industrialized livestock farming technologies. New techno­logies are being prepared for feeding and industrialized feed production. The production of artificially dried feeds, including pellets and wafers, is going up continuously. The produc­tion of such feeds allows to cut nutrient losses to half and even one third as well as to accomplish mechanization and automation of feed production and feed distribution. Wider use of finished feeds in pelleted and wafered form, hence, will be instrumental to more requirement-oriented feeding and to maximiz­ing livestock production. …

Problems Of Modern Management Of Mountain Grassland, Jan Caputa

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The importance of grassland does increase with the progression of latitude towards the polar circles, and with rising altitude. The potential of grass production is estimated to about 55 kg dry matter or 4 kg meat (live weight)/ha per day of growth. The develop­ment of management in mountain grassland does not keep the same rhythm as in the lowland. The modernization of mountain grass­land utilization should especially take into consideration the following points :

-Separation of lands being suitable or unsuit­able for agricultural purposes;

-Careful preservation for agricultural use of grassland areas suited for mechanized harvest of forage for winter …

Grazing Values Of The Boreal Forest And Tundra Regions, William L. Pringle

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Grazing values of the Boreal forest and tundra regions of our world offer a tremendous future potential for the production of red meat. One of the only means we have of efficiently utilizing our northern lands is by grazing animals -that are able to forage over extensive areas. The Boreal forest and tundra biomes of the world occupy about 2. 3 billion ha. This area is equal to 85 % of the total potential arable area of the earth's surface. By far the largest portion occurs in the U.S.S.R. which has 1.2 billion ha of forest and 321 million ha …

The Intensification Off Forage And Livestock Production In Sub-Tropical Areas, L R. Humphreys

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Options available for the intensification of forage production in sub-tropical areas are contrasted. Research on the removal of inedible species, the provision of stock-drinking water, the control of stocking rate and the incor­poration of well-adapted pasture legumes should receive priority. Approaches to maintaining continuity of forage supply and legume per­sistence are discussed.

The Importance Of Ley Farming For Improving The Forage Basis Of Tropical Africa, V A. Oyenuga

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The concept and practice of including short­duration pasture mixtures or leys in agricultural rotations, particularly for intensive livestock production, are of recent development in tropical Africa. Although mixed farming -the keeping of animals for farm work, producing farmyard manure for the maintenance of soil fertility, and rearing of dairy cows to produce milk for household use - was first introduced as an organized system of settled farming in Nigeria in 1922, intensive animal husbandry, based on intensively maintained pasture mix­tures, be it on a small or large scale, is still in the process of widespread development in many parts of …

The Grassland Of Africa: Classification, Production Evolution And Development Outlook, H N. Le Houerou

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Grasslands in the broader meaning, i.e. grazing lands, occupy huge areas in Africa, prob­ably in the vicinity of 10 million km2 (1000 million hectares), of which some 800 million hectares of permanent pastures and 200 mil­lion hectares of grazed woodland and open forest. There are also some 210 million hectares of crops and fallows most of which are grazed for part of the annual cycle. These African grasslands thus represent 7.5 % of the world's total land surface and 1/3 of its total acreage of grassland; they also corre­spond to 33 % of the surface of the continent, the remainder …

Pasture Possibilities In The Tropics, Fernando Perez Infante

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Frnm an academic viewpoint, only biological aspects of pasture possibilities in the Tropics are considered in this paper. In spite of being an important . part of these possibilities, no mention would be made of a fundamental aspect, i.e. the one related to the people living in the Tropics and the ways in which they could make use of the potentials offered by their pastures to improve their living conditions. Thus when we come to consider "possibilities", it is not only a question of solving technical problems, but there are also economic and cultural factors which must be kept in …

Management Of Arid Pastures, Cyrus M. Mckell, Don D. Dwyer

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Arid pasture, natural grazing land, or rangeland are synonymous terms used to describe the extensive areas of open, non-cultivated arid lands over which domestic livestock and wildlife roam in search of feed. These lands are characteristically low in productivity and if managed, the level of management is extensive and based on ecological principles. The term rangeland originated in the United States of America and is gradually gaining usage in other countries to differentiate between intensively managed pastures of humid and sub-humid regions, and the open steppes, deserts, shrub­lands and dry non-commercial forested lands which, in addition to grazing, provide non­consumptive …

New Objectives And Modern Methods Of Forage Grass Breeding In The German Democratic Republic, Heinrich Baudis

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The objectives of forage grass breeding in the GDR are derived from the social development processes which, in socialist agriculture, find their expression in further intensification, concentration and spezialization of plant and animal production. New aspects which have been recognized only recently, for example, positive response to intensification measures, suitability for industrialized production me­thods, increased yield stability and improved quality in addition to a higher yielding poten­tial, have the decisive say in the breeding tar­gets. The most important traits and properties from the breeder's point of view are dealt with in detail. Explanations on practical breeding work and on some …

Possibilities Of Dry Matter Production From Forage Plants Under Different Climatic Conditions, Th Alberda

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

On the basis of the gross photosynthesis of closed green grass swards the net potential dry herbage production of permanent pastures is calculated for the climatic and soil conditions for the so-called broad soil regions and summa­rized per continent. The values thus obtained form the upper level of dry herbage production to be reached on the prevailing permanent pas­ture area. Subsequently the minimum level of dry herb­age production is calculated, based on data on the production of marketed secondary prod­ucts as meat and milk. Since not all these secondary products are marketed and since not all the herbage produced is …

The Gene Pool And Its Use In Breeding Grassland Plants, Anna Novoselova

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

1. The gene pool of grassland plants is of great diversity and localized in certain centres of origin where the carriers of germ plasma are concentrated for the most important bio­logical characters and properties of a great variability of species.

2. New intensive varieties for mowing and grazing have been bred by advanced breeding methods and by taking advantage of the gene pool of the most important plant species throughout the world.

3. Wild-growing species were found to have great prospects for opening up soils of poor productivity by mowing and grazing use. They constitute a great reserve of genetic …

The Environment And Population Differences In Anjan Grass (Cenchrus Ciliaris) In Western India, S C. Pandeya

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Cenchrus ciliaris (anjan or buffel grass) is a gregarious fodder species with high nutritive value. The species is an inhabitant of drier sandy areas throughout Africa, Canary Island, Madagascar and eastwards to India, where it mostly occurs in western parts of the country, constituting the States of Gujarat, Rajasthan, Hayana and the adjoining portions of Punjab, U ttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh ( called here in as Western India). In Western India, Cen­chrus ciliaris (Cc) variously dominates the nat­urally occurring grazing lands exhibiting great morphological variations with respect to habit. and spike characters. The ecoclimate of Western India is arid …

Review Of 50 Years Grassland Farming And Trends Of Development In The Further Intensification Of Forage Production In The German Democratic Republic, Eberhard Wojahn

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

This our XIII International Grassland Congress is being held at the invitation of the Govern­ment of the German Democratic Republic following the decision of the XII International Grassland Congress in Moscow in 1974 that this Congress shall be held as a jubilee event here in Leipzig. It is the Jubilee Congress reminding us of the First International Grass­land Congress which was held 50 years ago, during the last days of May, 1927, in this time-honoured University town and centre of world trade. Because of that jubilee character this XIII International Grassland Congress is of very special importance.

Influence Of Feeding On Health And Productivity Of Ruminants, Alexander Sommer

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

As to the utilization of plant matter not suited for direct consumption by man, ruminants are of outstanding importance. This fact is related with the function of their specific stom­ach system. The paper discusses the microbial protein synthesis from NPN compounds. When 50 per cent of digestible crude protein required by fattening cattle were replaced, daily live weight gains of 997 g were reached; beef quality was not affected. Similarly favourable results were obtained with dairy cows when replacing by NPN compounds 50 to 100 per cent of extracted meals. Further on, the problem of crude-fibre diges­tion in connection with …

Performance Evaluation Of The Xpert® Hcv Test On Fingerstick Blood In A Prospective Observational Clinical Study At Clia-Waived Sites In The United States, Jennifer R. Havens, Shelly Ann Fluker, Jonathan Schimmel, L. Madeline Mccrary, Lesley S. Miller, Tomoko Udo, Yukari C. Manabe, Anne Luetkemeyer, Greer Burkholder, Andrew M. Moon, Cody A. Chastain, Jennifer C. Price, John Cafardi, Juan F. Gallegos-Orozco, Brittany A. Young, Jesse Young, Carlos Aparicio, Yu Song, Eric Lai, Gail E. Louw

Epidemiology and Environmental Health Faculty Publications

Background: A major barrier to hepatitis C virus (HCV) elimination in the United States is the lack of a point-of-care test to confirm the presence of HCV RNA. The purpose of this clinical trial was to evaluate the performance of the Xpert® HCV test at CLIA-waived sites in the United States. Methods: Participants at risk and/or with signs/symptoms of HCV infection provided fingerstick blood that was tested on the Xpert® HCV test and venous blood tested using the cobas® HCV and Elecsys® Anti-HCV II tests. Fingerstick blood was collected at CLIA-waived sites by individuals self-trained on collection procedures. Results: Participants …

Elemental Analysis Of Upper Devonian To Lower Mississippian Organic-Rich Mudstone Cores From Kentucky By Portable X-Ray Fluorescence (Pxrf), Alex M. Washburn

KGS Research Data Set

This dataset contains high-density portable X-ray fluorescence (pXRF) elemental analyses of 1,867 m (6,125 ft) of Upper Devonian to Lower Mississippian organic-rich mudstone cores from Kentucky. Analyses were collected from cores across the Illinois Basin, Cincinnati Arch, and Appalachian Basin to support regional evaluation of elemental variability, chemostratigraphy, and redox-sensitive trace-metal enrichment in Devonian–Mississippian mudstone successions. All measurements were conducted using a Bruker Tracer 5 pXRF analyzer with the factory “Mudrock Air” calibration, using analytical settings optimized for both low-atomic-number elements and transition metals/redox-sensitive trace elements. Reference materials SARM-41 and SGR-1 were analyzed throughout the analytical sequence to monitor instrument …

The Jwst Excels Survey, Elizabeth Taylor, Adam C. Carnall, David Maltby, Omar Almaini, Ho Hin Leung, Struan D. Stevenson, Andrea Negri, Fergus Cullen, Vivienne Wild, Ross J. Mclure, Alice E. Shapley, Karla Z. Arellano-Córdova, Ryan Begley, Cecilia Bondestam, Thomas De Lisle, Callum T. Donnan, James S. Dunlop, Richard Ellis, Guillaume Hewitt, Anton M. Koekemoer, Feng Yuan Frey Liu, Derek J. Mcleod, Kate Rowlands, Ryan L. Sanders, Dirk Scholte, Maya Skarbinski, Thomas M. Stanton

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications

We investigate the presence and origin of neutral gas outflows and inflows in 13 post-starburst and quiescent galaxies at redshifts (Formula presented), using James Webb Space Telescope NIRSpec spectroscopy from the EXCELS survey. Na d absorption profiles reveal that 3 out of 13 exhibit blueshifted absorption indicative of outflows, and a further 2 objects show signs of inflowing gas. Outflow velocities range from (Formula presented) 300 to 1200 km s(Formula presented), and we find gas flows are detected exclusively in objects that quenched (Formula presented)  Myr ago. We derive mass outflow rates over two orders of magnitude higher than current …

The Radial And Vertical Structure Of Molecular Gas In The Edge-On Galaxy Ngc 4565, Grace Krahm, Adam K. Leroy, Jiayi Sun, Kijeong Yim, Eric W. Koch, Tony Wong, Deanne Fisher, Erik Rosolowsky, Karin Sandstrom, Dyas Utomo, Jesse Van De Sande, Marie Martig, Amelia Fraser-Mckelvie, Michael R. Hayden

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications

We present high-resolution (0 (Formula presented) .″ 94 ≈ 55 pc) Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) CO(2–1) and¹³CO(2–1) observations of the highly inclined ( (Formula presented) i∼87.°5 ) galaxy NGC 4565 covering out to galactocentric radius R_gal ≳ ± 17 kpc. The combination of sensitivity and resolution enables the detection of CO emission well into the H i-dominated outer disk while isolating individual molecular clouds across the full extent of the galaxy. Although often described as an edge-on Milky Way analog, the molecular gas profile of NGC 4565 has a central gap that is more similar to …

Inflammation Associated With Obesity, Aging, And Amyloid Burden In Adults With Down Syndrome, Victoria L. Fleming-Batayneh, Brian C. Helsel, Lauren T. Ptomey, Benjamin L. Handen, Mark Mapstone, Melissa Petersen, Sharon J. Krinsky-Mchale, Christy L. Hom, Davneet Minhas, Weiquan Luo, Charles Laymon, Joseph H. Lee, Annie Cohen, Beau M. Ances, Adam M. Brickman, Margaret Pulsifer, H. Diana Rosas, Florencia Lai, Shahid H. Zaman, Elizabeth Head, Dana Tudorascu, Julie Price, Fredrick Schmitt, Bradley T. Christian, Ozioma Okonkwo, Sigan L. Hartley, Beau M. Ances, Howard F. Andrews, Karen Bell, Rasmus M. Birn, Adam M. Brickman

Neurology Faculty Publications

Objective: Adults with Down syndrome (DS) often show elevated systemic inflammation, but the association with obesity, aging, and Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology is not well understood. Methods: Data were drawn from 188 nondemented adults with DS participating in the Alzheimer Biomarkers Consortium-DS (ABC-DS). Participants completed clinical assessments, blood draws, and neuroimaging. Plasma biomarkers included indicators of general, pro-, and anti-inflammation. Mixed linear models tested associations between BMI, age, PET-measured amyloid burden, and inflammatory biomarkers, adjusting for sex, trisomy type, and collection site. False discovery rate correction was applied. Results: The majority of the participants met criteria for obesity. Higher BMI …

Using Clinical And Thrombus Characteristics To Predict The Etiology Of Ischemic Stroke, Graham A. Branscom, Carina Seah, Tannishtha Som, James Vicari, Alan R. Dabney, Selva Baltan, Farida Sohrabji, Keith Pennypacker, Keith B. Woodward, Benjamin I. Rapoport, Sol Schulman, Justin F. Fraser, Christopher P. Kellner

Neurology Faculty Publications

Background and purpose: Ischemic stroke comprises about 87% of all stroke cases in the US. 20% of these have a cardioembolic (CE) etiology, and 25% are still considered embolic strokes of undetermined sources (ESUS). ESUS strokes are associated with worse functional outcomes and survival rates, underscoring the need for understanding the clinical differences in stroke etiology. Methods: We analyzed the Investigation of Clot in Ischemic Stroke and Hematoma Evacuation (INSIGHT) registry (NCT04693767, https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04693767), which includes n=388 patients total (n=208 CE, n=142 AFIB, n=180 non-CE). We analyzed 123 data features, spanning across domains including demographics, past medical history, baseline blood lab …

Production Country Origin Impact On Soybean Oil Quality, Huazhen Liu, Micah Pope, Todd Doehring, Pradeep Kachroo, David Hildebrand

Plant and Soil Sciences Faculty Publications

Previous studies have suggested variability in soybean oil quality depending on geographic origin of the soybeans. In this study, 1035 crude degummed soybean oil (raw oil unrefined except for degumming) samples collected from vessels and crushers over five harvest years (2020–2024) were analyzed for 11 key quality attributes. Soybean oil samples were sourced from soybeans that originated from the United States, Brazil, and Argentina. The results indicate that US-grown soybeans consistently produce the highest-quality oil, characterized by the lowest free fatty acid (FFA) levels and lowest neutral oil loss (NOL). Oils from US soybeans also exhibited the highest iodine values. …

Root Chemistry Effects On Soil Organic Matter Fractions Persist In Topsoil And Subsoil Of A Well-Drained Alfisol, Brian Rinehart, Justin Allen, Joeri Kaal, Dave Mcnear, Hanna Poffenbarger

Plant and Soil Sciences Faculty Publications

Subsoils have been identified as a potential target for building soil C stocks, given the older age and slower cycling of organic matter at depth. Plant roots deliver C deep into the soil profile, but there is limited experimental evidence as to which root traits are most effective at increasing subsoil C. To that end, we conducted a 13C natural abundance study to trace C from roots of differing quality into organic matter fractions in a shallow and deep soil layer of an Alfisol in Lexington, KY. The roots of four species were packed into nylon-wrapped tubes with soil and …

Sweet Potato Gene Clusters Control Anthocyanin Biosynthesis And Leaf Morphology, Dong An, Tiechen Shen, Shiyu Wu, Yanshen Li, Weijuan Fan, Mengxiao Yan, Yinghui Meng, Xinyi Wang, Ximing Xu, Zunfu Lv, Ling Yuan, Jun Yang, Guoquan Lu, Hongxia Wang

Plant and Soil Sciences Faculty Publications

Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) exhibits diversity in pigmentation and leaf morphology, yet the genetic architecture and regulatory organisation underlying these traits remain poorly resolved, particularly with respect to organ-specific control. We hypothesised that phenotypic variation is governed by clustered genetic modules comprising regulatory and structural genes operating in an organ-specific manner. To test this, we conducted genome-wide association studies (GWAS) using 4.6 million SNPs across 260 diverse accessions, integrated with transcriptomic, haplotype and functional analyses. GWAS identified two tandem clusters of MYB transcription factors on chromosome 5 as the primary regulators of leaf anthocyanin accumulation. Expression profiling, heterologous expression and …

Hybrid Type 1 Randomized Controlled Trial Of Technology-Assisted Stepped Care Behavioral Health Intervention For Caregivers And Children Following Pediatric Traumatic Injury, Leigh E. Ridings, Kari N. Thomsen, Margaret A. Prentice, Ebonie Powell, Gabriela Becerra, Martina Mueller, Rochelle Hanson, Christian J. Streck, Peter Ehrlich, Linda Ewing-Cobbs, Meghan L. Marsac, Ryan Spurrier, Tatiana Davidson, Kenneth J. Ruggiero

Psychiatry Faculty Publications

Pediatric traumatic injury (PTI) has substantial physical and emotional health impacts, sometimes resulting in hospitalization and/or the development of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression in children. Caregivers are a key source of support for children following PTI; however, many caregivers experience their own distress and psychological reactions following injury. The CAARE (Caregivers' Aid to Accelerate Recovery after pediatric Emergencies) model is a technology-assisted, stepped care intervention to support the emotional and behavioral recovery of preadolescent children hospitalized after PTI and their caregivers. The CAARE model seeks to provide a systematic, evidence-based screening and intervention procedure that is feasible to …

Crosstalk Between Integrin Signaling And Nad⁺ Biosynthetic Pathways Promotes Glycolysis, Proliferation, Survival, And Tumor Growth In Triple-Negative Breast Cancer, Orion Spellecy, Javeria Qadir, Rongbo Han, Kai Zhu, Bingwei Xu, Yang Zhang, Isha Aryal, Ruei Lung Lin, An Hsuan Lin, Abu Saleh Mosa Faisal, Dana Napier, Dava Piecoro, Tim Scott, Penghui Lin, Li Chen, Lawrence D. Brewer, Chi Wang, Natasha Kyprianou, Zhenheng Guo, Ruihua Guo, Olivier Thibault, Burton B. Yang, Xiuwei H. Yang

Markey Cancer Center Faculty Publications

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive breast cancer subtype with limited therapeutic options. Here, we investigated how integrin-dependent signaling pathways regulate tumor metabolism and therapeutic vulnerability in TNBC. Pharmacological inhibition of the integrin/FAK axis and/or BRD4 induced cell cycle arrest, autophagy, and senescence in highly proliferative cells, consistent with a metabolic stress phenotype. Metabolomic analyses using [U-¹³C]-glucose revealed a marked suppression of glycolytic carbon flux, accompanied by an approximately 30-47% reduction in intracellular NAD⁺ levels and coordinated alterations in NADH and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediate α-ketoglutarate. Mechanistically, we identified nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT), the rate-limiting enzyme in NAD⁺ biosynthesis, …

Comparison Of The 1c2 Reference Filtered Cigar To The 1r6f Reference Filtered Cigarette, Amrita Machwe, Samuel B. Clark, Halle Harned, Tanvi Sawardekar, Stacey A. Slone, Huihua Ji, David K. Orren

Markey Cancer Center Faculty Publications

Introduction: Filtered cigars are a class of tobacco products that can be consumed similarly as conventional cigarettes. Here we have compared tobacco smoke condensates prepared from the 1C2 reference filtered cigar with those from the 1R6F reference cigarette with respect to effects on cell proliferation and viability and AhR-mediated gene expression. Methods: Tobacco smoke condensates were prepared using ISO, Health Canada Intense (HCI) or Cigar Smoking (CSR) regimens and certain HPHCs were measured. Cell proliferation and viability assays were performed on immortalized human bronchial or oral epithelial cell lines. AHR-mediated gene expression was measured using a mouse hepatoma cell line …

[5,5]-Fused Anhydride, Thioanhydride, And Imide Derivatives Of Cyclopentadienyl Complexes, Uttam R. Pokharel, Sean Parkin, John P. Selegue

Chemistry Faculty Publications

A new approach to 5,5-fused heterocyclic derivatives of cyclopentadienylmanganese tricarbonyl and pentamethylruthenocene is presented. 1,2-Dicarbophenoxycyclopentadienyl complexes of manganese and ruthenium were hydrolyzed to 1,2-dicarboxylic acids. Oxalyl chloride converted the acids to chlorocarbonyls, which reacted with bis(trimethylsilyl)sulfide to give the cyclopentadienyl-fused thioanhydrides. Alternatively, dehydration of the diacids with trifluoroacetic anhydride closed the diacids to cyclopentadienyl-fused anhydrides. Treatment of the anhydrides with p-toluidine followed by oxalyl chloride led to cyclopentadienyl-fused carboxylic imides. This approach enables direct comparison of electron-deficient Mn(CO)₃ and electron-rich Ru(Cp*) coordination environments on the 5,5-fused heterocycles. Spectroscopic data reveal systematic downfield NMR shifts and higher infrared carbonyl stretching …

Permanent Winter Hay-Feeding Stations Concentrate Soil Nutrients In Kentucky Pastures, Alan J. Franzluebbers, Jeffrey W. Lehmkuhler, Matt H. Poore, Arjun Kafle, Rodolfo Zentella, Tommy Yankey, S. Ray Smith, Gregory Halich

Animal and Food Sciences Faculty Publications

Distribution of soil nutrients as a function of centralized winter hay-feeding stations can lead to inefficient nutrient utilization and environmental quality concerns, but distributions have not been adequately characterized across a diversity of soils. We investigated spatial distribution of soil nutrients and organic matter fractions on three farms with concrete feeding pads for winter hay feeding. Soils were silt loam at the Princeton and Oran Little Research Stations and silty clay loam and silty clay at the Eden Shale Farm in ≥20-year-old tall fescue (Lolium arundinaceum) pastures in Kentucky. An anticipated impact zone of 0.7–1.0 ha around the winter hay-feeding …

Three Centuries Of Technological Innovation, Jordan G. Okie, James H. Brown, Astrid Kodric-Brown, Joseph R. Burger, Tatiana P. Flanagan, Trevor S. Fristoe, Sean T. Hammond, Norman Mercado-Silva, Jeffrey C. Nekola, Jennifer Richter

Biology Faculty Publications

What socioecological conditions nurture the ingenuity and collaborative interactions underlying transformative technological innovations? We compiled a dataset on more than 400 major technological inventions from 1690 to 1990 spanning seven categories (agriculture, armaments, information and communication, household, industry, medical, and transportation) and performed inductive macroecological analyses to address how attributes of inventors, teams, and their social and geographic environments contributed to the innovation of new technologies that have changed the way people live. The vast majority of inventions were attributed to single inventors of various ages. The frequency, size, and cultural diversity of teams increased in the 20th Century, as …