Digital Commons Network^™

Effect Of Burning And Management Alternatives On Forage Litter Composition Of A Native Pasture, I. Heringer, A. V. A. Jacques

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The content and quantities of nutrients in forage and litter was evaluated in native pasture under grazing, submitted to burning and alternatives practices. The experimental design was a completely randomized, with three replications. The biennial burning has no effect in nutrients contents of the forage, but in the case of litter plus senescent material the concentration of Ca and Mg decreased as compared to the systems without burning. The sod-seeding treatment increased the nutrient contents in the alive and dead tissues. Nutrient accumulation on forage tissue and litter plus senescent material, was highest in the systems without burning.

Studies On Feeding Value For Five Psammophyte Shrubs In Ningxia Region, Dongmei X., Weixian C., Sijia G., Xiangyun X.

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

A trial was conducted on five psammophyte shrubs -Caragana intermedia, C. korshinskii, Hedysarum scoparium, H. laeve, Salix psammophylla in the post-fruit period in Ningxia, China. Chemical composition, palatability and in vitro digestibility were studied systematically. The feeding value was evaluated through Fuzzy multifactorial model. According to chemical composition, palatability and in vitro digestibility, C. intermedia, had the highest feeding value and C .korshinskii the lowest.

In Situ Dry Matter Ruminal Degradation Kinetics Of Prairie Grass And Annual Ryegrass Forage, J. R. Carrete, I. Ceconi

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The objective of this study was to evaluate dry matter ruminal degradation kinetics, of prairie grass (Bromus catharticus Vahl.) and annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum), by using in sacco technique, on seven different harvesting dates. The forage was incubated in nylon bags, suspended in the rumen of four Hereford steers with a rumen fistula. The dry matter ruminal degradation was calculated through the exponential model P=a+b(1-exp(-ct)). Potential degradabilities (PD) were high and reduced across a temporal trend, ranging between 92,31 and 81,79g 100g ^-1 of dry matter (DM) for prairie grass (PG) and 95,06 and 77,44g 100g ^{-1 …}

Expanding The Horizon Of Research Into The Pathogenesis Of The White Matter Diseases Proceedings Of The 2021 Annual Workshop Of The Albert Research Institute For White Matter And Cognition, Shawn N. Whitehead, Askiel Bruno, Jeffrey M. Burns, S. Thomas Carmichael, Anna Csiszar, Jodi D. Edwards, Fanny Elahi, Giuseppe Faraco, Douglas B. Goulding, Deborah R. Gustafson, Vladimir Hachinski, Gary A. Rosenberg, Farzaneh A. Sorond, Andy Y. Shih, Kai Hei Tse, Zoltan Ungvari, Donna M. Wilcock, Kristen L. Zuloaga, Frank C. Barone

Sanders-Brown Center on Aging Faculty Publications

White matter pathologies are critically involved in the etiology of vascular cognitive impairment–dementia (VCID), Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and Alzheimer’s disease and related diseases (ADRD), and therefore need to be considered a treatable target (Roseborough A, Hachinski V, Whitehead S. White matter degeneration - a treatable target? Roseborough et al. JAMA Neurol [Internet]. 2020 Apr 27;77(7):793–4, [1]. To help address this often-missed area of research, several workshops have been sponsored by the Leo and Anne Albert Charitable Trust since 2015, resulting in the incorporation of “The Albert Research Institute for White Matter and Cognition” in 2020. The first annual “Institute” meeting …

Ovarian Cancer Epidemiology, Healthcare Access And Disparities (Orchid): Methodology For A Population-Based Study Of Black, Hispanic And White Patients With Ovarian Cancer, Tomi Akinyemiju, April Deveaux, Lauren Wilson, Anjali Gupta, Ashwini Joshi, Malcolm Bevel, Chioma Omeogu, Onyinye Ohamadike, Bin Huang, Maria Pisu, Margaret Liang, Molly Mcfatrich, Erin Daniell, Laura Jane Fish, Kevin Ward, Maria Schymura, Andrew Berchuck, Arnold L. Potosky

Biostatistics Faculty Publications

INTRODUCTION: Less than 40% of patients with ovarian cancer (OC) in the USA receive stage-appropriate guideline-adherent surgery and chemotherapy. Black patients with cancer report greater depression, pain and fatigue than white patients. Lack of access to healthcare likely contributes to low treatment rates and racial differences in outcomes. The Ovarian Cancer Epidemiology, Healthcare Access and Disparities study aims to characterise healthcare access (HCA) across five specific dimensions-Availability, Affordability, Accessibility, Accommodation and Acceptability-among black, Hispanic and white patients with OC, evaluate the impact of HCA on quality of treatment, supportive care and survival, and explore biological mechanisms that may contribute to …

Stem Through Authentic Research And Training Program (Start) For Underrepresented Communities: Adapting To The Covid-19 Pandemic, Luke H. Bradley, Brittany N. Derr, Catherine E. Durbin, Michael J. Lauer, Fara Williams, Anthony P. Sinai, Julie A. Bradley, Margaret J. Mohr-Schroeder

Neuroscience Faculty Publications

The STEM Through Authentic Research and Training (START) Program is a new program integrating academic, social, and professional experiences, in the theme of exomedicine, to build a pipeline into college for first generation and traditionally underrepresented students by providing year-round authentic opportunities and professional development for high school students and teachers. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the START Program has worked with the local Fayette County public school and community partners to provide content to over 300 students through: virtual laboratory tours with community partner Space Tango, "meet a scientist" discussions, and online near-peer student demonstrations aimed at making …

Application Of Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy (Nirs) To Forage Evaluation In Uruguay, D. Cozzolino, Y. Acosta, J. Garcia

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) were used to assess the chemical composition of a wide range of forages. Nearly five hundred herbage samples covering a wide range of temperate pastures species and mixtures, previously analysed by conventional wet chemistry were scanned in reflectance with a NIRS 6500 (NIRSystems, Silver Spring, USA). The coefficients of determination in calibration (R² ) and the errors in cross validation (SECV) were 0.98 (5.8), 0.94 (22.2), 0.97 (5.6), 0.94 (6.9) and 0.89 (19.7) for crude protein, in vitro organic matter digestibility, dry matter, ash and acid detergent fiber, in g kg ^–1 on a …

Seasonal Variation Of Brachiaria Spp. Quality In The Pantanal Of Mato Grosso Do Sul, Brazil, S. M. A. Crispim, E. L. Cardoso, F. Fernandes

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

This study aims to evaluate the dry matter yield and the crude protein (CP) of Brachiaria decumbens and Brachiaria humidicola and soil covering by these species, considering stand lasting age and hydrologic cycle periods in the Pantanal, from November 1996 to November 1997. Dry matter yield presented differences between hydrologic cycle periods and age, and their interactions. B. decumbens and B. humidicola over 10 years comparison yielded the largest amount of dry matter yield, observed in February. B. humidicola growth rate was slower than B. decumbens. Pastures stand ages did not cause differences in crude protein, but differences have …

Continuous Digestibility Assessment Of Tropical Grasses, A. Chudy, T. Schmidt, A. Glatzle

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The feed value for cattle of three tropical grasses, Gatton (Panicum maximum cv. Gatton), Estrella (Cynodon plectostachyus) and Tifton-85 (Cynodon sp. cv. Tifton-85) was investigated during the growing period, using the method of “continuous digestibility estimation”. Results indicate that feed value is hardly influenced by the growth stage from the 90th day on. Common European in-vitro feed evaluation procedures are not to be recommended for tropical grasses as they presented consistently lower values than did in-vivo measurements.

Prediction Of Intake Of Hay Differing In Species And Maturity By Goats, S. W. Coleman, S. P. Hart, T. Sahlu

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Eight species of forage, a cool-season perennial (Festuca arundinacea) and annual grass (Triticum aestivum), four warm-season perennial grasses (Bothriochloa caucasica, B. ischaemum, Cynodon dactylon, and Tripsacum dactyloides), a warm season annual (Digitaria sanguinalis) and a perennial legume (Medicago sativa), were cut at two or three maturities to provide a wide array of quality difference (n=20). Twenty wether goats (Capra hicus) were fed the hays in four different trials using an incomplete block so that each hay was fed to four different goats. Alfalfa produced the highest DM, …

Climatic Factors, Acid Detergent Fiber, Neutral Detergent Fiber And Crude Protein Contents In Digitgrass, C. S. Chen, S. M. Wang, Y. K. Chang

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Digitgrass (Digitaria Xumifolia) was treated according to a set of programmed harvest cycles to study the impact of climatic factors on the quality of the grass. It is found that seasonal changes have greater effect on the quality of the grass than does the length of the harvest cycle. The highest correlation coefficient (0.81) between the ADF content and accumulated temperature is attained when the base temperature is set to 15.5 , while the highest correlation coefficient (0.88) between CP and is attained at a base temperature of 15.0 . The determination coefficient of regression (R² ) …

Effect Of Level Of Surface Spoilage On The Nutritive Value Of Maize Silage Diets, K. K. Bolsen, L. A. Whitlock, G. L. Huck, M. K. Siefers, T. E. Schmidt, R. V. Pope, M. E. Uriarte

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

This study determined the effect of surface spoilage in the diet on feed intake and nutrient digestibilities using growing steers fed whole-plant maize silage-based diets. A bunker silo, 0.9 m in depth, and a 2.7 m diameter AgBag were filled with alternating loads of chopped forage. After 90 days, the bunker was sealed with a sheet of polyethylene, and this silage was designated “spoiled”. The silage in the AgBag was designated “normal”. The four diets contained 90% silage and 10% supplement (dry matter basis), and the proportions of silage in the diets were A) 100% normal, B) 75% normal: 25% …

Selenium And Sulphur Concentrations In Primary Growths Of Different Plant Communities, W. Opitz Von Boberfeld

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The factorised evaluated data of seven different grassland swards and two harvest dates of primary growths led to following results: Regarding the concentrations of selenium and sulphur, a selenium antagonist, and the N/S ratio, there were no significant plant community x harvest date, plant community x year, and harvest date x year interactions. The selenium concentrations, which never met the requirements of ruminants, were the highest in young herbage of a Bromion racemosi community reaching 49 µg kg^-1 DM. The average of all swards and treatments was 33 µg kg^-1 DM of selenium. Apparently, repeated application of selenate-bearing …

Canopy Characteristics, Ingestive Behaviour And Herbage Intake In Cultivated Tropical Grasslands, Lynn E. Sollenberger, J. C. Burns

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Compared to temperate systems, there have been few detailed assessments of canopy characteristics and associated grazing behavior in planted tropical grasslands. Reasons include the large number of forage species used in warm climates, the diversity of their morphology, research priorities emphasizing germplasm evaluation and management, and limited resources. This review describes canopy attributes of C₄ grass pastures, highlights the most important relationships between grazing behavior and these canopy characteristics, and discusses the implications of canopy characteristics and grazing behavior for long-term intake and animal performance. It is suggested that the largest differences in canopy characteristics between tropical and temperate …

Foraging Behaviour And Intake In Temperate Cultivated Grasslands, S. Prache, J. L. Peyraud

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In temperate areas, grazing provides a large part of the nutrient requirements of ruminants and may be an important form of land use. In Europe, grassland occupies some 150 million hectares, and grazing provides about 60 to 75% of the nutrient requirements of cattle (Wilkins and Vidrih 2000). From the end of the 80’s, agricultural surpluses in Europe have led to production quotas and increased interest in more extensive systems. At the beginning of the 90’s, the emergence of the notion of sustainable agriculture combining economic, social (concerns in dereliction of less-favoured rural areas), and environmental issues (pollution, loss of …

Framing Future Of Work Considerations Through Climate And Built Environment Assessment Of Volunteer Work Practices In The United States Equine Assisted Services, Kimberly I. Tumlin, Sa Liu, Jae-Hong Park

Epidemiology and Environmental Health Faculty Publications

The foundation of healthy workplace design is an understanding of work practices. Volunteers comprise the majority of the workforce in care centers using horses to address human health issues. Documentation is lacking on protections for worker well-being in equestrian microenvironments which are known to have the potential for dust exposures. Climate acts as a master variable in equestrian facility design and ventilation usage to address dust and temperature concerns. Using climate as an independent variable, our objective was to characterize space usage, safety, environmental control, and organizational practices through a national survey of equine assisted programs. We found that more …

Bias Of The Immune Response To Pneumocystis Murina Does Not Alter The Ability Of Neonatal Mice To Clear The Infection, Cathryn J. Kurkjian, Melissa L. Hollifield, David J. Feola, Beth A. Garvy

Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics Faculty Publications

Newborn mice are unable to clear Pneumocystis (PC) infection with the same efficiency as adults due, in part, to their inability to develop a robust immune response to infection until three weeks of age. It is known that infants tend develop a Th2 skewed response to antigen so we sought to determine whether a biased cytokine response altered the clearance of PC infection in neonatal mice. P. murina infection in neonatal mice resulted in increased IL-4 expression by CD4 T cells and myeloid cells, augmented IL-13 secretion within the airways and increased arginase activity in the airways, indicative of Th2-type …

The Mediating/Moderating Role Of Cultural Context Factors On Self-Care Practices Among Those Living With Diabetes In Rural Appalachia, Brittany L. Smalls, Adebola Adegboyega, Ellen Combs, Matthew Rutledge, Philip M. Westgate, Md. Tofial Azam, Felipe De La Barra, Lovoria B. Williams, Nancy E. Schoenberg

Family and Community Medicine Faculty Publications

Background

The aim of this study was to examine whether cultural factors, such as religiosity and social support, mediate/moderate the relationship between personal/psychosocial factors and T2DM self-care in a rural Appalachian community.

Methods

Regression models were utilized to assess for mediation and moderation. Multilevel linear mixed effects models and GEE-type logistic regression models were fit for continuous (social support, self-care) and binary (religiosity) outcomes, respectively.

Results

The results indicated that cultural context factors (religiosity and social support) can mediate/moderate the relationship between psychosocial factors and T2DM self-care. Specifically, after adjusting for demographic variables, the findings suggested that social support may …

A Comparative Grazing Study Of Sheep And Cattle Diet Selection On Native Pastures In Uruguay, Fabio Montossi, G. Pigurina, E. J. Berretta, I. Santamarina

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

An experiment was carried out during winter, spring and summer 1997, on native pastures of the basaltic region of Uruguay to evaluate the effects of different herbage mass levels (high, medium and low) on sward characteristics and on sheep and cattle diet selection and grazing behaviour. Higher herbage masses resulted in increments in herbage accumulation and sheep bite weight: winter (1880, 1513 and 610 kg DM ha-1, P < 0.01; 199, 148 and 128 mg DM/bite, P < 0.01), and summer (3046, 2175 and 1172 kg DM ha-1, P < 0.01; 214, 175 and 143 mg DM/bite, P < 0.01) for high, medium and low herbage mass levels respectively. The nutritive value of diet selected by sheep and cattle was higher than that of the herbage on offer, and higher in sheep than in cattle: winter (10.2, 15.9 and 12.5% crude protein, CP, P < 0.05; 49.2, 32.4 and 38.1% acid detergent fiber, ADF, P < 0.01, and summer (7.4, 10 and 9.5% CP, P < 0.05; 51.1, 36.8 and 43% ADF, P < 0.01) for herbage on offer, sheep and cattle diets respectively. These contrasting results found in the nutritive value were closely associated with differences in the proportions of the botanical components recorded, particularly the differential contribution of dead material. This experiment quantified the importance of diet selection in determining the nutritive value of the forage eaten by sheep and cattle on the native pastures of the basaltic region of Uruguay and established some relationships between diet selection and grazing management, involving animal selectivity ability differences (sheep versus cattle) and seasonal effects.

A Sheep And Catlle Diet Selection Study On A Fertilized Native Sward In Uruguay, Fabio Montossi, E. J. Berretta, G. Pigurina, I. Santamarina

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

This study was undertaken during winter, spring and summer 1997, located in the basaltic region of Uruguay to evaluate the effects of stocking rate (SR) and N and P fertilizer application on sward characteristics and on sheep and cattle diet selection and grazing behaviour. The treatments applied were: a) control (C; without fertilizer application using a SR of 0.9 stock units (SU)/ha), b) T1 (with N and P fertilizer application using a SR of 0.9 SU/ha), c) T2 (with N and P fertilizer application using a SR of 1.2 SU/ha) and d) T3 (with N and P fertilizer application using …

Ingestive Behavior Of Beef Cattle Fed Either Protein Or Energy Supplements Under A Rotational Grazing System, R. P. Manzano, Luiz Gustavo Nussio, M. P. Andreucci, K. Z. Veiga, R. Z. M. Costa

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Eight Nellore bullocks were assigned to a Tanzânia grass pasture (Panicum maximum Jacq.) under a rotational grazing system, to evaluate the ingestive behavior under two different grazing residues. Stocking rate intensity was used to reach either 1000 kg DM.ha^-1 (R1) or 4000 kg DM.ha^-1 (R2) as residual targets. Three grazing days followed by 33 days resting period, composed a 36 day grazing cycle. Each grazing plot supported four animals, in a 4x4 Latin square design, within the following supplementation rates and sources: S1 = no supplement; S2 = 2,0 kg DM.day^-1 coarsely ground corn - 8 …

Changes In Pasture Growth Rate Due To Fertiliser And Grazing Management, P. Quigley, D. Chapman, J. Lamb, G. Kearney

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

It is imperative that sheep production systems in southern Australia continue to be refined so producers remain financially viable but at the same time the environment is not degraded. As part of a national thrust for development and promotion of better production systems, one research site has been established in Victoria where pastures and animal production are measured together with water and nutrient movement. Results for pasture growth rates over two years are presented here and will be used to develop best industry practice at completion of the project.

Assessment Of Cultural Sensitivity In Dietetics Education, Julie Plasencia, Heather Norman-Burgdolf, Lorraine Weatherspoon

Dietetics and Human Nutrition Faculty Publications

Cultural sensitivity and competency are skills needed for agricultural professionals including nutrition and dietetics practitioners. The objective of the current study was to examine the learning transference of cultural sensitivity topics taught in a cultural foods course into case study assessments of a capstone-level course. This study is a cross-sectional, content analysis of cultural sensitivity assessment rubric (CSAR) scores for two case study assessments. The study was conducted in a landgrant, research-intensive university and 55 students (60%) from a capstone-level dietetics course participated. T-tests were used to compare CSAR scores between students who had completed a cultural foods course and …

Southeastern Law Librarian Fall 2021, Seaall

Newsletters

No abstract provided.

Design Optimization And Experimental Study Of Coreless Axial-Flux Pm Machines With Wave Winding Pcb Stators, Peng Han, Damien Lawhorn, Yaser Chulaee, Donovin Lewis, Greg Heins, Dan M. Ionel

Power and Energy Institute of Kentucky Faculty Publications

This paper presents a systematic design optimization and experimental study of coreless axial-flux permanent magnet (AFPM) machines with wave winding printed circuit board (PCB) stators. Existing PCB winding configurations are briefly reviewed and compared to serve as a performance reference. A new concept –the “macro coil”– is proposed to model PCB stator windings in 3D finite element analysis (FEA) to facilitate large-scale multi-objective optimization with the winding eddy current losses evaluated in each design candidate. The detailed trace-by-trace model for a selected optimal design is then built to check the voltage difference between parallel paths and the resulting circulating currents. …

Association Between Pitch Break On The 4-Seam Fastball And Slider And Shoulder Injury In Major League Baseball Pitchers: A Case-Control Study, Brooks N. Platt, Anthony J. Zacharias, Caitlin Conley, Lindsay Hockensmith, Nicholas Stockwell, Aaron Sciascia, Austin V. Stone

Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports Medicine Faculty Publications

Background: Few specific risk factors are known for shoulder injury in professional pitchers. New pitch-tracking data allow for risk stratification based on advanced metrics.

Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to determine the association between shoulder injury, pitch frequency, and pitch metrics (velocity, total break, break angle, and spin rate) for the 4-seam fastball, curveball, and slider. We hypothesized that more frequent use of the 4-seam fastball would be associated with shoulder injury.

Study Design: Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods: The Major League Baseball (MLB) database was queried for pitchers who had been placed on the injury …

Forage News [2021-10], Department Of Plant And Soil Sciences, University Of Kentucky

Forage News

No abstract provided.

Maximizing Good: An Inquiry-Based Approach To Minimal Description For Online Archives, Sarah Dorpinghaus, Cory Lampert, Rebecca Pattillo, Kyna Herzinger

Library Faculty and Staff Publications

Minimal descriptive practices have been embraced by archives over the past fifteen years for their efficiency and practicality. This paper explores the strengths and weaknesses of minimal description within the context of digitized collections and evaluates them against the assumptions made by cultural heritage professionals. It considers whether minimal description provides digitized collections with sufficient metadata to meet MPLP’s user-centered goals of improving access, sufficient context to ensure collections are understandable within their digital environments, and sufficient framework to facilitate data exchange across systems, all while considering MPLP within archival ecosystems that impact labor and resource allocation. The authors offer …

Business Models For Post-Crisis Information Ecosystems, Antje Mays

Library Faculty and Staff Publications

Since early 2020, the global COVID-19 pandemic has interrupted activity across business, education, research, and communities. Public health safety precautions have forced drastic reductions in economic and educational activity, resulting in widespread economic uncertainty and sizeable budget cuts. With library budgets already declining since the 2001-2002 recession following the dotcom crash and more steeply since the 2007-2009 Great Recession spawned by the financial crash, the pandemic has accelerated trends that were already underway. Libraries’ reduced purchasing power places the information ecosystem at risk of contraction in the race to contain costs. While economic contexts and publishing forms have changed considerably. …

Design Optimization Of A Very High Power Density Motor With A Reluctance Rotor And A Modular Stator Having Pms And Toroidal Windings, Peng Han, Murat G. Kesgin, Dan M. Ionel, Rohan Gosalia, Nakul Shah, Charles J. Flynn, Chandra Sekhar Goli, Somasundaram Essakiappan, Madhav Manjrekar

Power and Energy Institute of Kentucky Faculty Publications

This paper proposes a new high power density permanent magnet (PM) motor design for traction applications to achieve the 50kW/L target set by the US Department of Energy by increasing the torque capability and operating speed compared to conventional PM machine topologies. A large-scale multi-objective design optimization based on 2D finite element analysis (FEA) and differential evolution algorithm was conducted to achieve the best trade-off among high efficiency, high power density and high power factor. The torque-speed envelopes are also checked for the Pareto front designs to make sure they have a constant power speed ratio of at least 3:1. …