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Guardrail Performance: An Analysis Of Accident Records, Kenneth R. Agent

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

Accident records involving guardrails were analyzed and summarized.

Guardrail-related accidents comprised a significant percentage of interstate and parkway accidents, particularly those resulting in fatalities. Guardrail involvement in accidents was much less on primary and secondary highways than on interstates and parkways.

The severity of guardrail-related accidents was higher than the average severity of all accidents. The severity of guardrail-related accidents was higher on the primary and secondary system than on the interstate and parkway system.

Guardrails have not been very successful in redirecting vehicles parallel to traffic. The largest number of severe injuries involved vehicles vaulting over the guardrail Increased …

Some Of The Effects Of Domestic Sewage Discharged Into Hickman And Jessamine Creeks In Jessamine County, Kentucky, Henry H. Howell, Mike W. Jones, Robert A. Kuehne

KWRRI Research Reports

A 6-week study was made in the summer of 1971 as an initial effort to determine the extent of pollution that the three sewage disposal plants in Jessamine County, Kentucky, are contributing to its streams. With the rapid population increase in Lexington and nearby municipalities, this study should furnish a basis of comparison for future investigations. Eighteen collecting stations were established in riffle areas of Hickman and Jessamine Creeks, and coliform bacteria, macro-invertebrate populations, fish populations and chemical water quality of each riffle area were studied.

Hickman Creek's flow was augmented by approximately 3,100,000 gallons/day (11,735 -m³/day) from …

A Soils Data System For Kentucky, Dwight Spradling

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

This report discusses the development of a computerized soils data system which facilitates collection, centralized storage, and retrieval of soils data developed by engineers and scientists for projects in Kentucky. Without such a system, much soils data are essentially lost after each project is completed. This system will provide data that can conveniently be used for developing preliminary sources of information for site investigation, for preparing regional soil maps, for land use planning, and for studying new and existing empirical relationships involving soil properties and characteristics.

Various types of data systems, the design of the system to include software and …

Supply And Demand In Water Planning: Streamflow Estimation And Conservational Water Pricing, D. I. Carey, C. T. Haan

KWRRI Research Reports

Recent studies indicated the need for development of surface water supplies in Kentucky. Rising resource costs make economically efficient reservoir designs increasingly important. This study was undertaken to provide methods in water supply reservoir design that increase system benefits.

Two major factors influencing reservoir design were studied: estimated future streamflow into the reservoir and demands placed on the reservoir. Standard reservoir sizing methods rely on historical streamflow data. This data is frequently limited and uncertainty in required storage estimates may result. To assess the reliability of a design, the use of mathematical models in simulation studies was proposed. Existing stochastic …

A High-Accident Spot-Improvement Program, Kenneth R. Agent, John A. Deacon, Robert C. Deen

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

As a result of an extensive before-and-after accident study, the high-accident location, spot-improvement program in Kentucky, although not a costly program, was found to have significantly decreased the number of motor vehicle accidents. Favorable benefit-cost ratios indicated that the cost of the program has represented a good investment in comparison with the resultant savings in accident costs. The spot-improvement program had little effect on average accident severity as measured by a severity index. Detailed analysis of available accident data showed that, for studies of the type reported, the 12-month period immediately prior to the date of identification of a high-accident …

Computer Layout And Design Of Grain Storage Facilities, Otto J. Loewer Jr., Thomas C. Bridges, Douglas G. Overhults

Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Facility Costs Of Centralized Grain Storage Systems Utilizing Computer Design, Otto J. Loewer Jr., Thomas C. Bridges, Douglas G. Overhults

Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering Faculty Publications

The item considered most often when estimating the cost of a grain storage facility is capacity. Of equal or greater importance is daily harvest rate. Other important considerations include drying method, materials handling equipment, energy cost, facility arrangement, labor requirements, grain quality and management ability. Only through a comparison of facilities which offer similar capacity, capability and convenience can the purchaser obtain his best system.

Large Bale Transporter For Small Tractors, Larry G. Wells

Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Upward Water Movement In Field Cores, Larry G. Wells, R. W. Skaggs

Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Coal Law From The Old World: A Perspective On Land Use And Environmental Regulation In The Coal Industries Of The United States, Great Britain, And West Germany, Zygmunt J. B. Plater

Kentucky Law Journal

No abstract provided.

Coal Mine Water Pollution: An Acid Problem With Murky Solutions, J. T. Begley, John Philip Williams

Kentucky Law Journal

No abstract provided.

Surface Mining And Environmental Quality: An Economic Perspective, Alan Randall, Angelos Pagoulatos

Kentucky Law Journal

No abstract provided.

Energy V. Environment: Who Wins In Race For Coal In Kentucky, Marilyn S. Daniel, Douglas W. Becker, Carla J. Allen, Richard V. Murphy, Marjorie J. Reeder, Ronald G. Robey, Susan W. Wanat

Kentucky Law Journal

No abstract provided.

Economic, Social, And Legal Aspects Of Coal Transportation In Kentucky, Edward J. Buechel, Sandra Freeburger, Linda A. Gosnell, Peter R. Held, Walter R. Morris, John D. Preston

Kentucky Law Journal

No abstract provided.

The New Federalism In Criminal Procedure Revisited, Donald E. Wilkes Jr.

Kentucky Law Journal

No abstract provided.

Analysis Of The Sediment Filtering Action Of Grassed Media, Billy J. Barfield, David T. Y. Kao, E. W. Tollner

KWRRI Research Reports

The movement of sediment in non-submerged flow through a rigid grass media was studied experimentally by simulating the media with cylindrical nails. Models of sediment movement were developed from probablistic reasoning and from the use of existing parameters describing total bed material in open channel flow. In the probability analysis, the percent sediment trapped was found to be a power function of the number of potential fall paths, N_f,a particle could make from the surface to the bed while traveling through the filter media. The percent trapped was also found to be an inverse power function of the …

Tertiary Treatment Of Wastewater Using Oxidation Ponds, Robert A. Lauderdale, John R. Moeller, Raymond D. Hamilton

KWRRI Research Reports

The purpose of the project was to determine the value of using lagoons as a supplemental process for treating the effluent from an activated sludge wastewater treatment plant.

Only tentative conclusions can be suggested since the project was not carried to completion. It appears that lagoons will have only minimal effect on the amounts of total nitrogen and phosphate in the plant effluent, although conversion of a portion of the ammonia to nitrate can be expected. However, the concentration of ammonia was never lower than that required by EPA guidelines. Some reduction of soluble BOD appears to occur, perhaps through …

Evaluation Of Paint-Stripe Beads, Jerry G. Pigman, Kenneth R. Agent

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

The objectives of this phase of the overall "Roadway Delineation" study were to evaluate the luminosity and durability of several types of glass beads and one type of plastic bead used with paint stripes and to determine their effectiveness during rainy, nighttime conditions. Eleven types of beads were evaluated. They were applied at rates approximating 4, 5, and 6 pounds per gallon (479, 599, and 719 kg/m3). Photometer and visual observations extended to about 9 months after application of test stripes.

Identification Of Hazardous Locations On City Streets, Charles V. Zegeer

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

The purpose of this study was to develop an effective method for identifying hazardous locations in Kentucky cities (over 2,500 population). Methods used in 45 other states were reviewed. Accident information for 69 of the 97 cities over 2,500 population was used to develop criteria for an identification method.

A Number Method was selected for initial identification of midblocks and intersections on arterial-collector streets and on urban freeways. Rate-Quality Control Methods were included in the form of a critical rate factor computed for each location. A set of critical rate curves was constructed for easy determination of critical locations. A …

Pedestrian Accidents In Kentucky, Charles V. Zegeer, Robert C. Deen

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

Pedestrian accident data in Kentucky were analyzed for 1972 and 1973 on a rural, urban, and statewide basis. Results showed that about 1500 pedestrian accidents occur in Kentucky each year. About 30 percent of the pedestrian accidents in rural areas and four percent in urban areas are fatal. Although about 78 percent of Kentucky's pedestrian accidents occur in urban areas, over 62 percent of the pedestrian fatalities occur in rural areas. Specific characteristics of pedestrian accidents were identified and related to human, environmental, and time factors. Highway and street improvements and safety measures generally considered to be effective in minimizing …

Response Of Saturated Sands To Cyclic Shear At Earthquake Amplitudes, Vincent P. Drnevich, John P. Jent

KWRRI Research Reports

Both quasi-static and resonant cyclic shear tests were performed on hollow cylindrical specimens of saturated sands at various densities and confining stresses. Shear moduli measured at nondestructive amplitudes were shown to be independent of frequency for the range of 0.1Hz to 50Hz. Application of cyclic shear at larger amplitudes caused effective stresses to decrease and failure. The number of cycles to failure was related to ratio of cyclic shear stress to maximum drained shear stress. Effective confining stress reduces approximately linearly with number of cycles. Shear modulus and shear damping.can be described by the Hardin-Drnevich equations if change in effective …

The Review Of The Law Alumni Association, Fall 1975, University Of Kentucky College Of Law

Annual Magazines

No abstract provided.

A Guide To Preparing Research Reports And Technical Talks, Robert C. Deen

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

This manual has been prepared to provide guidance to writers of technical reports which are to be issued by the Division of Research, Kentucky Bureau of Highways. Concepts of technical report writing are presented. Specific instructions concerning the preparation and submission of reports for review are also presented. Appendices included provide rules for grammar, punctuation, etc. which cause engineer-writers particular problems.

Effects Of Water On Slope Stability, Tommy C. Hopkins, David L. Allen, Robert C. Deen

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

A brief state-of-the-art review of the effects of water on slope stability and the techniques for analysis is presented. The effective stress principle and basic considerations of slope stability, including design factors of safety, are discussed briefly. The derivations and effects of seepage forces and rapid drawdown on effective stress are also presented. Various conditions of external loading produce changes in effective stress. These changes are discussed and limiting conditions which should be analyzed are mentioned.

Limitations of total stress analyses are discussed in detail. It appears that, for soils having a liquidity index of 0.36 or greater (normally consolidated), …

Transverse, Pavement Markings For Speed Control And Accident Reduction, Kenneth R. Agent

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

Transverse pavement markings were placed ahead of a sharp curve having a high-accident history. Speed and accident studies were conducted before and after. The markings were placed so that drivers otherwise failing to reduce speeds while approaching the curve would see transverse lines on the pavement at an increasing rate. The spacing of lines was intended to create an illusion of acceleration which would cause the driver to slow. The results indicated that pavement markings can be an effective speed-control measure and reduce accidents. At the single site studied, the obedience of drivers to this type of hazard warning was …

Loads On Box Culverts Under High Embankments: Positive Projection, Without Imperfect Trench, Rick L. Russ

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

This report describes the instrumentation and measurements of settlements and pressures on two box culverts in Clark County, Kentucky, designed without the imperfect trench -- one for yielding and one for unyielding foundation conditions. The structures were primarily instrumented for comparison with three structures previously constructed in McCreary County, which were designed using the imperfect trench method. Pressures on the two structures in Clark County generally exceed the product of the unit weight of the overlying material and its height. The pressures on the culverts in McCreary County appear to be lower than expected -- indicating that the imperfect trench …

The Law Of Water Allocation In Kentucky, Richard C. Ausness, Bill H. Flynn

KWRRI Research Reports

This study discusses navigability concepts, consumptive rights to surface and ground waters, the disposal of diffused surface waters and the administration of Kentucky's statutory water allocation system.

Federal regulatory powers are based on navigability as is state ownership of submerged lands. Kentucky uses the ebb-and-flow test of navigability to determine title to submerged lands but uses a navigability-in-fact test to determine the scope of state regulatory authority. Consumptive uses of water in Kentucky are governed by the riparian landowner to use as much water as he needs as long as his use does not interfere with the legitimate uses of …

The Review Of The Law Alumni Association, Summer 1975, University Of Kentucky College Of Law

Annual Magazines

No abstract provided.

The Effectiveness Of School Signs With Flashing Beacons In Reducing Vehicle Speeds, Charles V. Zegeer

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

A detailed study of signs with flashers in school zones was conducted to determine their effectiveness in reducing the speeds of vehicles during times of pedestrian activity. Field investigations were conducted at all of the 120 flasher locations in Highway Districts 6, 7, and 9. About 14 percent of the flashers were inoperative. Such problems as non-uniform signing, hidden flashers, deteriorating signs and pavement markings, and poor sight distances were also found.

Speed studies were conducted at 48 locations. Average speed reductions were only 3.6 mph (1.6 m/s) during flashing periods. Signs and flashers at high-speed (55-mph (25-m/s)) locations increased …

First-Year Effects Of The Energy Crisis On Traffic In Kentucky (Rural Highways), Kenneth R. Agent, Donald R. Herd, Rolands L. Rizenbergs

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

The Arab oil embargo in mid-October 1973 curtailed availability of gasoline. Fuel conservation measures resulted in reduced travel and decreased traffic speeds. On March 1, 1974, posted speed was set at 55 mph (88 km/h) on rural highways in Kentucky. Traffic volumes, speeds, and accidents for the rural highway during the period known as the "energy crisis" and its after effects were compared to the corresponding period a year earlier.

Traffic volumes began to decline in December 1973 and continued through September 1974. Total travel in the 12 months through November 1974 decreased by 2.3 percent; traffic increased by five …