Digital Commons Network^™

Kentucky’S Pavement Management System, James H. Havens, Eugene B. Drake

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

Pavement management concepts are discussed, and a method is presented illustrating the required data and its use to accumulate EAL's annually for comparison with the design EAL. This method can be used to determine overlay priorities, overlay design thicknesses, and financing schedules. A discussion of automatic feedback of field data is presented. Pavement condition reports should be analyzed separately to prevent improper adjustments in the design system due to causes of failure other than normal fatigue.

An overlay, whether for extending service life or improving skid resistance, provides an additional structural thickness and will modify the design life.

Preparation of …

Hydraulic Resistance Of Grass Media On Shallow Overland Flow, David K. Tao, Billy J. Barfield, Austin E. Lyons

KWRRI Research Reports

Simulated dense vegetation with random blade arrangements and different blade flexibilities were used to determine the hydraulic properties of flow of small, non-submerging depths. With the water flowing among the randomly patterned vegetation blades, drag resistance becomes the dominant force that retards the flow. An equation of flow was established based on the momentum balance in the system. Experimental results were used to determine the coefficient of blade resistance, R_D, and plotted in terms of blade width and flow depth Reynolds number respectively.

Assessment Of The Water Quality In The Salt River Prior To Its Impoundment In Anderson And Spencer Counties, Kentucky, Andrew C. Miller, Louis A. Krumholz, Stuart E. Neff, Darly E. Jennings, Patricia B. Olmes, David S. White

KWRRI Research Reports

Monthly water samples were taken and analyzed to determine the water quality of the Salt River in Anderson and Spencer counties Kentucky prior to the river's impoundment. Sediments from the area watershed were analyzed to total acid digestion, barium chloride extraction, and aqueous extraction methods. Rainwater and runoff water were collected and analyzed for major cations and anions from two sites in the watershed.

The Salt River at Taylorsville is characterized by hard water with high levels of calcium (33.5-74.8 mg/1), bicarbonate (136-236 mg/l), specific conductance (200-535 μmhos/cm), and sulfate (16.5-71.5 mg/l). Nitrates (0.6-5.7 mg/l), phosphates (0.2-2.4 mg/l), sodium (3.2-20.3 …

The Review Of The College Of Law Alumni Association, Fall 1977, University Of Kentucky College Of Law

Annual Magazines

No abstract provided.

Computer Storage Of Traffic Volume Data, Marvin Virgin

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

LOADVOL is a program developed to assimilate raw traffic volume data into a more readily usable form. Several identifying parameters are added to enhance the clarity and to extend the utility of the data base.

Criteria were set to detect possibly erroneous traffic count data. LOADVOL detects and replaces "erroneous" data with simulated data. LOADVOL produces cards which contain the orignal data which are replaced. Thus, the original data can be reviewed, and it can be ascertained whether it is erroneous or was affected by a special event, holiday, location, traffic recorder malfunction, or some other occurrence.

UPDATE, a second …

Cracking In Continuously Reinforced Concrete Pavements, James H. Havens, Robert C. Deen, Assaf S. Rahal, Wm. Vernon Azevedo

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

The objective of this study was to monitor placement and evaluate performance of continuously reinforced concrete pavement with an emphasis on determining the time of cracking and crack interval. This paper reports on the design and construction practice for CRCP in Kentucky. Data on crack frequency and time of cracking is also included in an attempt to further explain the cracking pattern associated with CRCP.

Constant-Rate-Of-Strain And Controlled-Gradient Consolidation Testing, C. Thomas Gorman, Tommy C. Hopkins, Robert C. Deen, Vincent P. Drnevich

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

Controlled-gradient (CG), constant-rate-of-strain (CRS), and conventional incremental-loading (STD) consolidation testing are compared and evaluated. Undisturbed samples of tbree soils common to Kentucky were used in the testing program. Results of 15 CG, 14 CRS, and 32 STD consolidation tests are evaluated. Feasibility of the new test methods for routine testing is briefly discussed and recommendations are made for refinements in testing procedures.

Evaluation Of Urban Intersections Using Traffic Conflict Measures, Mike E. Clayton

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

The purpose of this report was to analyze two urban intersections using conflict data, erratic maneuver data, and near-miss accident data and to recommend site improvements, if necessary. The two intersections selected were Euclid Avenue at Woodland Avenue and New Circle Road at Woodhill Drive in Lexington. Data were taken using 11-hour observation periods.

Proposed improvements for the site on Euclid Avenue included adding dual left-tum lanes and three-phase signals or an extended multi-turn lane. At the New Circle site, a longer, more gradual right-turn lane and repositioning some of the signing are recommended. The conflict data recorded were found …

An Investigation Of Low Cylinder-Strengths (District 6), Assaf S. Rahal

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

District 6 has had a lingering problem of low cylinder-strengths. This report describes, in detail, an ensuing investigation which incorporated the use of identical materials of concretes used in District 6 and analyses of cylinder data, in situ concrete cores, and laboratory mixtures. The investigation revealed that a high percent of the in situ concrete is sound and reliable, and that aggregate type and (or) air content were not the cause for the low cylinder-strengths. The quality of making, storing, and curing the cylinders were the reasons for low-strength.

Statewide Survey Of Skid Resistances Of Pavements (1976), James L. Burchett, William M. Sampson, Larry A. Warren, Rolands L. Rizenbergs

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

Statewide survey of skid resistance continued in 1976 with testing of rural, major, collector roads (1985 Functional Classification). This included 5,074 miles (8,166 km) of state secondary roads and 788 miles (1,268 km) of rural secondary roads. About 17 percent of the secondary mileage and about 15 percent of the rural secondary mileage surveyed in 1976 may be considered slippery. A small percentage of both secondary (5.3 percent) and rural secondary (5.8 percent) roads had an average skid number below 26. These sections, in particular, should be flagged for deslicking.

Through 1976, 50 percent of the mileage of rural, state-maintained …

Resurfacing, Restoration, And Rehabilitation Of Interstate Highways: Criteria And Logic Used To Determine January 3, 1977, Needs And Estimates Of Costs, Herbert F. Southgate, Donald C. Newberry Jr., Robert C. Deen, James H. Havens

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

This report documents the method, criteria, and/or rules of thumb used for the January 3, 1977, submission to FHWA for "Resurfacing, Restoration, and Rehabilitation" of Kentucky interstate pavements. The period of time covered was 1977 through 1995 and the unit costs used were those for the year 1975.

Optimal Systems Of Storm Water Detention Basins In Urban Areas, D. K. Mynear, C. T. Haan

KWRRI Research Reports

Flood retention basins are commonly used in urban areas to reduce the impact of urbanization on downstream flooding. When more than a few acres are developed, systems of retention basins are often required. A procedure has been developed whereby the optimum (least cost) system of basins can be determined to meet a given downstream flow requirement. The method considers several design options including basins on all subwatersheds, basins on only some of the subwatersheds, basins of various sizes and basins with various stage-discharge characteristics. The procedure has been developed in the form of a computer program to aid the designer …

Simulation Of The Sedimentology Of Sediment Detention Basins, A. J. Ward, C. T. Haan, B. J. Barfield

KWRRI Research Reports

Sediment detention basins are a widely used means of controlling downstream sediment pollution resulting from stripmining and construction activities. A mathematical model for describing the sedimentation characteristics of detention basins has been developed. This model requires as inputs the inflow hydrograph, inflow sediment graph, sediment particle size distribution, detention basin stage-area relationship and detention basin stage-discharge relationship. Based on this information the model routes the water and sediment through the basin. In this routing process the outflow sediment concentration graph, the pattern of sediment deposition in the basin and the sediment trapping efficiency are estimated. Comparison of predicted results with …

Aasho Road Test Tandem Axleload Data Adapted To Fundamental Concepts, Herbert F. Southgate, Robert C. Deen, James H. Havens

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

The reptitions of tandem axleloads applied to the AASHO Road Test were analyzed by the same method previously reported in analyzing the corresponding single axleload data. The essential findings were: 1. One repetition of a 34-kip (151-kN) tandem axleload appears to cause the same damage as one repetition of an 18-kip (80-kN) single axleload. 2. The relationship of log repetitions versus axleload used by Kentucky appear to be equally valid for single and tandem axleloads. 3. The use of superposition principles, and equivalency of repetitions, in combination with terminal serviceability indiced permitted analyses of the tandem axleload data and comparison …

Solar Fluid Heater With Electromagnetic Radiation Trap, Blaine Frank Parker

Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering Faculty Patents

A solar fluid heater including a radiation trap for concentrating solar radiation which has been focused on or near a line at the center of a transparent pipe assembly containing the fluid to be heated is described. The pipe assembly may include one or more transparent pipes containing one or more sets of reflective fins which are disposed in direct heat exchanging contact with the fluid to be heated. The focused radiation entering the pipe assembly experiences multiple reflections off one set of reflective fins therein, thus concentrating the solar radiation. The reflective fins are made absorptive near the apex …

Effectiveness Of Green-Extension Systems At High-Speed Intersections, Charles V. Zegeer

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of green-extension systems (GES) for reducing the dilemma-zone problem associated with the amber phase of traffic signals at high-speed intersections. Reactions of 2,100 drivers were noted during the amber phase at nine intersections, and the dilemma-zone distances with respect to the stop bar were determined.

Before-and-after studies made at three green-extension sites showed a 54-percent reduction in total accidents and a 75-percent reduction in rear-end accidents after GES installation. Accident severity was unaffected.

Conflict, volume, delay, and speed data were taken before and after GES installation at two sites. A …

Traffic Accidents: Day Vs. Night, Donald R. Herd, Kenneth R. Agent, Rolands L. Rizenbergs

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

A comparison of accidents during daylight and darkness was made for both rural and urban roads. Accident rates on all types of rural roads were higher during darkness than during daylight. Critical accident rates during darkness for various types of roads were calculated. In urban areas, a larger percentage of accidents occurred on wet pavements during darkness than during daylight, but there were no significant differences for rural roads. No significant difference was found between average speeds during conditions of daylight and darkness. On rural roads, imposition of the 55-mph (24.6-m/s) speed limit resulted in a reduction in accident rates …

Some Uncertainties Of Slope Stability Analyses, Robert C. Deen, Tommy C. Hopkins, David L. Allen

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

Some practical limitations of total stress and effective stress analyses are discussed. For clays having a liquidity index of 0.36 or greater, φ-equal-zero analyses based on laboratory undrained shear strengths give factors of safety close to the actual factor of safety. However, based on field vane strengths, φ-equal-zero analyses may yield factors of safety which may be too high. The difference between field vane and calculated shear strengths increased as the plasticity index increased. For clays having a liquidity index less than 0.36, φ-equal-zero analyses using laboratory undrained shear strengths give factors of safety that are much too high; but …

Acoustic Emission Testing Of High-Strength Steel Weldments, Theodore Hopwood Ii

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

Manual arc welds were made on high-strength ASTM A 514 and A 588 steels. Different weldment configurations were employed in order to vary the restraint on the welds during cooling. The weldments were monitored 'in-cooling' with acoustic emission equipment. Weldments having greater restraint produced more acoustic emission, usually for longer periods of time. Weldments which fractured during cooling produced more acoustic emission than those which were unflawed.

Computerized Analysis Of Stress-Strain Consolidation Data, E. Gregory Mcnulty

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

A computerized, mathematical algorithm is described and presented for analyzing the semilogarithmic stress-strain (time-independent) properties of standard, controlled-gradient, and controlled-rate-of-strain consolidation tests. This algorithm is an automation of manual graphical procedures currently used in engineering practice to obtain stress-strain information necessary for use in time-independent settlement analysis. The Casagrande and Schmertmann constructions are analytically represented to determine the preconsolidation stress and the in situ, compressibility coefficients of compression and expansion. Values for each of these parameters range between a probable and minimum value. The point of maximum curvature is determined for the Casagrande construction by use of the mathematical definition …

Voidless And Internally Sealed Concretes (Construction Report; Silas Creek Bridge, Us 27, Mp-009-0027-B0002), Assaf S. Rahal

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

Laboratory investigations on concretes containing super water reducers, PVP and Melment, indicated their suitability for field utilization. Wax beads have been used by other states in concretes for bridge slabs. This report describes the reconstruction of a four-span bridge having three experimental slabs and one conventional slab. Post-construction analyses of cores are included.

Identification Of Hazardous Locations On City Streets, Charles V. Zegeer, Robert C. Deen

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

The purpose of this study was to develop an effective method for identifying hazardous locations in Kentucky cities (over 2,500 population). Methods used in 45 other states were reviewed. Accident information for 69 of the 97 cities over 2,500 population was used to develop criteria for an identification method.

A Number Method was selected for initial identification of midblocks and intersections on arterial-collector streets and on urban freeways. A Rate-Quality Control Method was included in the form of a critical rate factor computed for each location. A set of critical rate curves was constructed for easy determination of hazardous locations. …

Hydrology And Water Quality In The Central Kentucky Karst: Phase 1, James F. Quinlan, Donald R. Rowe

KWRRI Research Reports

Study of springs and cave streams has shown that heavy metal-rich effluent from a wastewater treatment plant can be traced to Hidden River Cave (beneath the city of Horse Cave) and thence 4 to 5 miles north to a group of 39 springs at 14 locations along a 5-mile reach of Green River. Nickel, chromium, copper and zinc in these effluent-bearing springs are in concentrations of as much as 30 times greater than other springs upstream and downstream from this reach, 20 times greater than the Green River, and 60 times greater than in shallow domestic wells between Horse Cave …

Vertical Drainage In Field Cores, Larry G. Wells, R. W. Skaggs

Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Effects Of Stream Channel Improvements On Downstream Floods, Yang H. Huang, Ronald K. Gaynor

KWRRI Research Reports

This report presents a self-calibrating watershed model for predicting the effect of channel improvements on downstream floods. The model is called MOPSET because it is a modified version of OPSET developed several years ago at the University of Kentucky. OPSET is a computerized procedure for determining an optimum set of parameter values by matching synthesized flows with recorded flows. Major modifications include the replacement of the modified Muskingum method of channel routing by a kinematic finite difference method, the division of the watershed into a number of segments, and the inclusion of a storage routing procedure to take care of …

Bulletin Of The University Of Kentucky College Of Law – 1977-1978, University Of Kentucky College Of Law

College of Law Bulletins

The Bulletin of the University of Kentucky College of Law served numerous purposes, including: a course catalog, a roster of students, a roster of professors, an academic calendar, a listing of special events and lectures, academic policies, admission requirements, graduation requirements, and various other policies and benefits governing student life.

Modeling Soil Water Movement Into Plant Roots, D. C. Slack, C. T. Haan, Larry G. Wells

Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering Faculty Publications

Mathematical model was developed which describes uptake of water by plant roots as a function of leaf and soil water potentials. The model was used to estimate transpiration from corn grown in a controlled environment under soil drying conditions. The model predicted daily transpiration quite well for the period modeled.

Transportation Research Reports Issued By The Division Of Research, Robert C. Deen

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

A bibliographic listing of research reports issued by the Division of Research, Kentucky Bureau of Highways.

Stiffness Of Solid-Liquid Mixtures: Theoretical Considerations, David L. Allen

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

A rational approach to the solution of the stiffness of solid-liquid mixtures is presented. The stiffness of such mixtures is dependent on the stiffness of the viscous medium and the volume concentration and elastic modulus of the solid portion. Finally, the general solution is applied, in particular, to bitumen-aggregate mixtures; and the results are compared to experimental data.

Surface Dynamics Profilometer And Quarter-Car Simulator: Description, Evaluation, And Adaptation, James L. Burchett, Rolands L. Rizenbergs, Thomas A. Moore

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

A Surface Dynamics Profilometer was acquired in December 1968. The SD Profilometer was designed to rapidly and accurately measure the profile of the surface over which it is driven. A Quarter-Car Simulator was obtained in 1970. The simulator, a special purpose analog computer, was designed to process road profiles measured with the SD Profilometer. This processing involves analog simulation of a simplified vehicle. Factors and variables associated with the devices and calibration and test procedures were investigated and standardized. The Automatic Roughness-Measuring System using an automobile (Kentucky interim standard method of test for roughness) was correlated with the SD Profllometer …