Digital Commons Network^™

Root Nitrogen Cycling And Alfalfa Stress Tolerance, J J. Volenec, B C. Joern, L D. Barber, S M. Cunningham, A Ourry

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Our hypothesis is that certain root N pools are utilized preferentially during the early shoot regrowth. Our objective was to determine the relative contribution of crown N, root N, and specific root N pools to shoot regrowth after defoliation. We used 15N to follow N into and out of crowns, roots, and specific root N pools, to regrowing shoots after defoliation. The low molecular weight N pool (amino acids, inorganic N,...) acquired 15N rapidly within 2 d of N application. Movement of 15N into the protein-N and insoluble-N pools was delayed initially, but continued until 8 d after N application. …

Phyllochron Development In Cool-Season Forage Grasses, A B. Frank, J D. Berdahl, J F. Karn

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between grass leaf insertion rate and accumulated growing degree-days, and determine the phyllochron for five perennial forage grass species and two cultivars of each species. Species field seeded in solid stands were crested wheatgrass [Agropyron desertorum (Fisch. ex. Link) Schult.], intermediate wheatgrass, [Thinopyrum intermedium Barkw. & Dewey:Syn:A. intermedium (Host) Brauv], western wheatgrass [Pascopyrum smithii (Rybd) L ve], green needlegrass (Stipa viridula Trin.), and smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss). Species phyllochron differences ranged from 77 GDD for Mandan 404 smooth bromegrass to 114 GDD for Lodorm …

Response To Drought Of White Clover Lines Selected For Different Stolon Morphologies, H D. Karsten, J R. Caradus, D R. Woodfield

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

White clover (Trifolium repens L.) lines were selected from within large and small-leaved cultivars of Grasslands Kopu and Grasslands Tahora, respectively, for long or short internodes, and for high or low branching frequency from plants grown in sun and shade (50% full sunlight). Lines were compared for drought tolerance in a perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) sward in boxes. Prior to imposing drought branching frequency selections did not differ in branching frequency, although the low branching frequency selection had a higher percentage of rooted nodes. After an imposed drought treatment sun-selected lines grew better than shade-selected lines relative …

Kentucky Bluegrass Floral Induction And Cultivar Response To Mechanical Removal Of Harvest Residue, G A. Murray, J B. Swensen

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Open-field burning of post-harvest residue from Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) seed fields is being phased out in Washington, USA and may be banned in Idaho. Burning encourages early fall regrowth and timely completion of fall floral induction. Cultivars have different floral induction requirements and respond differently to mechanical residue removal. Our objective was to determine if length of fall floral induction requirement was related to seed yield when post-harvest residue was removed by crewcut vacuum sweeping. Floral induction requirements were not related to first-or second-year seed yields. Third-year seed yield of cultivars with long floral induction requirements declined …

The Influence Of Intensity Of Tree Thinning On The Redistribution Of Soil Water In Southern African Mopani Veld, G N. Smit, N F.G. Rethman, A Moore, A Le Roux, J S. Swart

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The investigation was conducted on a densely wooded area in the Mopani veld of South Africa. Six plots were subjected to different intensities of tree thinning, ranging from a totally cleared plot (0 %) to plots thinned to the equivalent of 10%, 20%, 35%, 50% and 75% of the leaf biomass of a control plot (100%). Soil water measurements were taken at six different depths to a depth of 825 mm. The infiltration of rain water and redistribution within the soil profile exhibited marked differences between experimental plots. The soil water was predominantly held at a very shallow depth ( …

Relationship Of Visual And Quantitative Methods Of Grass Sward Development, R B. Mitchell, L E. Moser, K J. Moore

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between visual and quantitative estimates of the morphological development of perennial grass swards. Pure stands of intermediate wheatgrass [Thinopyrum intermedium (Host) Barkw. & D.R. Dewey] and switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) were hand-clipped to ground level at 2-wk intervals in 1991 at Mead, NE, morphologically classified as mean stage count (MSC), and visually estimated for sward development. Visual estimations of sward development for both species were representative of quantitative measurements during vegetative growth. However, as sward development advanced to the elongation and heading stages, visual methods over-estimated the population …

Morphological Development Rates Of Perennial Forage Grasses, R B. Mitchell, L E. Moser, K J. Moore, D D. Redfearn

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The objective of this study was to determine the rate of change in the morphological development of switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) and big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii Vitman). Pure stands of each species were sampled at weekly intervals in 1990 and 1991 at Mead, NE, and morphologically classified as mean stage count (MSC) and mean stage weight (MSW). Linear day of the year equations accounted for 94% of the variation in switchgrass MSC and MSW. Switchgrass MSC and MSW increased at an average rate of 0.0204 and 0.0234 units per day, respectively. Linear day of the year equations accounted …

Fertilizer Nitrogen And Morphogenetic Response In Avena Sativa And Lolium Multiflorum, F Lattanzi, M A. Marino, A Mazzanti

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

A field experiment was carried out at the EEA Balcarce, INTA, Argentina (37° 45’LS, 58° 18’LW) to determine whether Leaf Appearance Rate (LAR) was affected by N fertilization in Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) and forage oats (Avena sativa). N treatments (0, 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 kg N ha-1) were applied in winter 1995, after a defoliation. Subsequently, number of leaves per tiller was determined on 45 labelled tillers in each treatment twice a week. LAR was calculated as the slope of the linear regression of number of leaves on thermal time (air temperature, base …

Allocation Of Carbon-14 To Roots Of Different Ages In Perennial Ryegrass (Lolium Perenne L.), C Matthew, W D. Kemball

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The objective of this study was to provide information on how current photosynthate allocated to the root system in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) is distributed among individual roots at differing nodal positions. Mature single ryegrass tillers were transplanted in September 1993 to glass house pots and three months later four of the plants were supplied with 14CO2. Individual roots from these radioactively-labeled plants were identified according to their nodal position on the tiller axis and amount of radiocarbon in each root quantified for root tip segments and for the remainder of the root axis. Similar plants were destructively …

The Analysis Of Dynamic Interaction In Legume Binary Mixture Under Controlled Conditions Of Irrigation And Clipping, M S. Vrahnakis, B Noitsakis, Z Koukoura

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The objective of this study was to analyse the type of interference that occurred between the annual legume species, purple clover (Trifolium purpureum L.) and narrow leaved crimson clover (Trifolium angustifolium Loisel. ), growing in mixed conditions under two different watering regimes and two different clipping treatments. A replacement series experiment was conducted in pots placed in the field. The above ground biomass (gr/plant) were measured. The recently proposed Inverse Linear Model was implied in order to analyse the competitive interaction between the above species. The results suggest that Tr. purpureum was the superior competitor to Tr. angustifolium …

Neurotensin Modulates Ovarian Vascular Permeability Via Adherens Junctions, Andrew Pearson, Ketan Shrestha, Thomas E. Curry, Diane M. Duffy

UK CARES Faculty Publications

Neurotensin (NTS) is a 13-amino acid peptide which is highly expressed in the mammalian ovary in response to the luteinizing hormone surge. Antibody neutralization of NTS in the ovulatory follicle of the cynomolgus macaque impairs ovulation and induces follicular vascular dysregulation, with excessive pooling of red blood cells in the follicle antrum. We hypothesize that NTS is an essential intrafollicular regulator of vascular permeability. In the present study, follicle injection of the NTS receptor antagonist SR142948 also resulted in vascular dysregulation. To measure vascular permeability changes in vitro, primary macaque ovarian microvascular endothelial cells (mOMECs) were enriched from follicle aspirates …

Paradox Lost: Wide Gape In The Ordovician Brachiopod Rafinesquina Explains How Unattached Filter-Feeding Strophomenoids Thrived On Muddy Substrates, Benjamin F. Dattilo, Rebecca L. Freeman, Kyle Hartshorn, David Peterman, Aaron Morse, David L. Meyer, Lindsay G. Dougan, James W. Hagadorn

Earth and Environmental Sciences Faculty Publications

Strophomenoid brachiopods had thin, concavo-convex shells, were ubiquitous colonizers of Palaeozoic muddy seafloors, and are hypothesized to have filter-fed in a concave-upward orientation. This orientation would elevate their line of commissure out of potentially lethal lophophore-clogging mud. The paradox is that epi- biont distributions on strophomenoids support a convex-upward life position, as do studies of strophome- noid stability and trace fossils formed by strophomenoid sediment-clearing. A premise of the concave-upward orientation hypothesis is a narrow gape, which causes narrow, high velocity inhalant currents, leaving strophomenoids vul- nerable to sediment entrainment. Herein we investigate the gape angle of Rafinesquina using serial …

Joint Environmental And Social Benefits From Diversified Agriculture, Laura Vang Rasmussen, Ingo Grass

Earth and Environmental Sciences Faculty Publications

Agricultural simplification continues to expand at the expense of more diverse forms of agriculture. This simplification, for example, in the form of intensively managed monocultures, poses a risk to keeping the world within safe and just Earth system boundaries. Here, we estimated how agricultural diversification simultaneously affects social and environmental outcomes. Drawing from 24 studies in 11 countries across 2655 farms, we show how five diversification strategies focusing on livestock, crops, soils, noncrop plantings, and water conservation benefit social (e.g., human well-being, yields, and food security) and environmental (e.g., biodiversity, ecosystem services, and reduced environmental externalities) outcomes. We found that …

Are Transformative Agreements Worth It? An Analysis Of Open Access Publication Data At The University Of Kentucky, Ben Rawlins

Library Faculty and Staff Publications

Open access publishing is continuing to grow as funders such as cOAlition S, National Institutes of Health, and the White House implement mandates and requirements that publicly funded research be made immediately available for public consumption. Publishers have adopted open access as a business model through transformative agreements that combine subscription and publishing fees. However, it is unclear whether these agreements are beneficial for libraries. This article discusses a project by the University of Kentucky Libraries to gather and analyze open access publication data to aid in the evaluation of transformative agreement proposals. This article also discusses how the University …

A Multi-Ancestry Genetic Study Of Pain Intensity In 598,339 Veterans., Sylvanus Toikumo, Rachel Vickers-Smith, Zeal Jinwala, Heng Xu, Divya Saini, Emily E Hartwell, Mirko Pavicic, Kyle A Sullivan, Ke Xu, Daniel A Jacobson, Joel Gelernter, Christopher T Rentsch, Million Veteran Program, Eli Stahl, Martin Cheatle, Hang Zhou, Stephen G Waxman, Amy C Justice, Rachel L Kember, Henry R Kranzler

Epidemiology and Environmental Health Faculty Publications

Chronic pain is a common problem, with more than one-fifth of adult Americans reporting pain daily or on most days. It adversely affects the quality of life and imposes substantial personal and economic costs. Efforts to treat chronic pain using opioids had a central role in precipitating the opioid crisis. Despite an estimated heritability of 25-50%, the genetic architecture of chronic pain is not well-characterized, in part because studies have largely been limited to samples of European ancestry. To help address this knowledge gap, we conducted a cross-ancestry meta-analysis of pain intensity in 598,339 participants in the Million Veteran Program, …

Interaction Between Continuous Pack-Years Smoked And Polygenic Risk Score On Lung Cancer Risk, Meredith S. Duncan, Hector Diaz-Zabala, James Jaworski, Hilary A. Tindle, Robert A. Greevy, Loren Lipworth, Rayjean J. Hung, Matthew S. Freiberg, Melinda C. Aldrich

Biostatistics Faculty Publications

Background: Lung cancer risk attributable to smoking is dose dependent, yet few studies examining a polygenic risk score (PRS) by smoking interaction have included comprehensive lifetime packyears smoked. Methods: We analyzed data from participants of European ancestry in the Framingham Heart StudyOriginal (n = 454) andOffspring (n = 2,470) cohorts enrolled in 1954 and 1971, respectively, and followed through 2018. We built a PRS for lung cancer using participant genotyping data and genome-wide association study summary statistics froma recent study in theOncoArray Consortium. We used Cox proportional hazards regression models to assess risk and the interaction between pack-years smoked and …

Genetic Associations With Dementia-Related Proteinopathy, Yuriko Katsumata, David W. Fardo, Lincoln M.P. Shade, Xian Wu, Shama D. Karanth, Timothy J. Hohman, Julie A. Schneider, David A. Bennett, Jose M. Farfel, Kathryn Gauthreaux, Charles Mock, Walter A. Kukull, Erin L. Abner, Peter T. Nelson, Maria Carrillo, Eric M. Reiman, Kewei Chen, Donna Masterman, Robert C. Green, Carole Ho, Adam Fleisher, Andrew J. Saykin, Kwangsik Nho, Liana G. Apostolova, Shannon L. Risacher, Jonathan Jackson

Biostatistics Faculty Publications

INTRODUCTION: Although dementia-related proteinopathy has a strong negative impact on public health, and is highly heritable, understanding of the related genetic architecture is incomplete. METHODS: We applied multidimensional generalized partial credit modeling (GPCM) to test genetic associations with dementia-related proteinopathies. Data were analyzed to identify candidate single nucleotide variants for the following proteinopathies: Aβ, tau, α-synuclein, and TDP-43. RESULTS: Final included data comprised 966 participants with neuropathologic and WGS data. Three continuous latent outcomes were constructed, corresponding to TDP-43-, Aβ/Tau-, and α-synuclein-related neuropathology endophenotype scores. This approach helped validate known genotype/phenotype associations: for example, TMEM106B and GRN were risk alleles …

A Novel Interaction Of Nesidiocoris Tenuis (Hemiptera: Miridae) As A Biological Control Agent Of Bactericera Cockerelli (Hemiptera: Triozidae) In Potato, Gabriela Esparza-Diaz, Raul Villanueva, Ismael E. Badillo-Vargas

Entomology Faculty Publications

Nesidiocoris tenuis (Hemiptera: Miridae) is a generalist predator commonly used to control the whitefly Bemisia tabaci in Europe. This mirid has been found and established in South Texas, where it was initially observed feeding on nymphs of the psyllid Bactericera cockerelli (Hemiptera: Triozidae) in open tomato fields. B. cockerelli is the vector of the fastidious bacterium “Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum” that causes diseases in several solanaceous crops, including zebra chip (ZC) disease in potatoes. There is a need to better understand how this predator impacts the control of important crop pests, such as potato psyllids. We assessed the interactions between N. …

New Voices For A Better Society, Stephanie J. Diem, Baindu L. Bayon, Hussam Mahmoud, Mary L. Garcia- Cazarin, Michael J. Martin, Clare C. Rittschof, Patricia Silveyra, Umut A. Gurkan, Alison Boland- Reeves, Dalal Najib, Flannery Wasson

Entomology Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Toward Transparent Taxonomy: An Interactive Web-Tool For Evaluating Competing Taxonomic Arrangements, Oksana V. Vernygora, Felix A. H. Sperling, Julian R. Dupuis

Entomology Faculty Publications

Informative and consistent taxonomy above the species level is essential to communication about evolution, biodiversity and conservation, and yet the practice of taxonomy is considered opaque and subjective by non-taxonomist scientists and the public alike. While various proposals have tried to make the basis for the ranking and inclusiveness of taxa more transparent and objective, widespread adoption of these ideas has lagged. Here, we present TaxonomR, an interactive online decision-support tool to evaluate alternative taxonomic classifications. This tool implements an approach that quantifies the criteria commonly used in taxonomic treatments and allows the user to interactively manipulate weightings for different …

Inhibition Of Carbohydrate Metabolism Potentiated By The Therapeutic Effects Of Oxidative Phosphorylation Inhibitors In Colon Cancer Cells, Lichao Guo, Baochen Zhang, Wen Zhang, Yanqi Xie, Xi Chen, Xueke Sun, David S. Watt, Chunming Liu, H. Peter Spielmann, Xifu Liu

Markey Cancer Center Faculty Publications

Cancer cells undergo a significant level of “metabolic reprogramming” or “remodeling” to ensure an adequate supply of ATP and “building blocks” for cell survival and to facilitate accelerated proliferation. Cancer cells preferentially use glycolysis for ATP production (the Warburg effect); however, cancer cells, including colorectal cancer (CRC) cells, also depend on oxidative phospho- rylation (OXPHOS) for ATP production, a finding that suggests that both glycolysis and OXPHOS play significant roles in facilitating cancer progression and proliferation. Our prior studies identified a semisynthetic isoflavonoid, DBI-1, that served as an AMPK activator targeting mitochondrial com- plex I. Furthermore, DBI-1 and a glucose …

Relative Adrenal Insufficiency Is A Risk Factor For Pediatric Sepsis: A Proof-Of-Concept Study, Dan Hao, Ling Guo, Qian Wang, Misa Ito, Bin Huang, Chieko Mineo, Philip W. Shaul, Xiang-An Li

Markey Cancer Center Faculty Publications

Glucocorticoid (GC) therapy had been strongly recommended for pediatric sepsis (grade 1A). However, the recommendation was changed to grade 2C in 2020 due to weak evidence. About 32.8% of patients with pediatric septic develop relative adrenal insufficiency (RAI). But whether GC therapy should be determined by RAI status is controversial. This study utilized 21-day- old SF1CreSRBIfl/fl mice as the first pediatric RAI mouse model to assess the pathogenesis of RAI and evaluate GC therapy. RAI mice exhibited a substantially higher mortality rate in cecal ligation and puncture and cecal slurry–induced sepsis. These mice featured persistent inflammatory responses and were effectively …

The Nonvesicular Sterol Transporter Aster-C Plays A Minor Role In Whole Body Cholesterol Balance, Ranjan Banerjee, Rachel C. Hohe, Shijie Cao, Bryan M. Jung, Anthony J. Horak, Iyappan Ramachandiran, William J. Massey, Venkateshwari Varadharajan, Natalie I. Zajczenko, Amy C. Burrows, Sumita Dutta, Maryam Goudarzi, Kala Mahen, Abigail Carter, Robert N. Helsley, Scott M. Gordon, Richard E. Morton, Christopher Strauch, Belinda Willard, Camelia Baleanu Gogonea, Valentin Gogonea, Matteo Pedrelli, Paolo Parini, J. Mark Brown

Markey Cancer Center Faculty Publications

Introduction: The Aster-C protein (encoded by the Gramd1c gene) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) resident protein that has been reported to transport cholesterol from the plasma membrane to the ER. Although there is a clear role for the closely-related Aster-B protein in cholesterol transport and downstream esterification in the adrenal gland, the specific role for Aster-C in cholesterol homeostasis is not well understood. Here, we have examined whole body cholesterol balance in mice globally lacking Aster-C under low or high dietary cholesterol conditions.

Method: Age-matched Gramd1c^+/+ and Gramd1c^−/− mice were fed either low (0.02%, wt/wt) or high (0.2%, …

A Dynamic Model Of Inorganic Arsenic-Induced Carcinogenesis Reveals An Epigenetic Mechanism For Epithelial–Mesenchymal Plasticity, Matthew Rea, Greg Kimmerer, Shania Mittendorf, Xiaopeng Xiong, Megan Green, Darrell Chandler, Wesley Saintilnord, Jessica S. Blackburn, Tianyan Gao, Yvonne N. Fondufe-Mittendorf

Markey Cancer Center Faculty Publications

Inorganic arsenic (iAs) causes cancer by initiating dynamic transitions between epithelial and mesenchymal cell phenotypes. These transitions transform normal cells into cancerous cells, and cancerous cells into metastatic cells. Most in vitro models assume that transitions between states are binary and complete, and do not consider the possibility that intermediate, stable cellular states might exist. In this paper, we describe a new, two-hit in vitro model of iAs-induced carcinogenesis that extends to 28 weeks of iAs exposure. Through week 17, the model faithfully recapitulates known and expected phenotypic, genetic, and epigenetic characteristics of iAs-induced carcinogenesis. By 28 weeks, however, exposed …

A Single Hydrogen Bond That Tunes Flavin Redox Reactivity And Activates It For Modification, Debarati Das, Anne-Frances Miller

Markey Cancer Center Faculty Publications

Electron bifurcation produces high-energy products based on less energetic reagents. This feat enables biological systems to exploit abundant mediocre fuel to drive vital but demanding reactions, including nitrogen fixation and CO₂ capture. Thus, there is great interest in understanding principles that can be portable to man-made devices. Bifurcating electron transfer flavoproteins (Bf ETFs) employ two flavins with contrasting reactivities to acquire pairs of electrons from a modest reductant, NADH. The bifurcating flavin then dispatches the electrons individually to a high and a low reduction midpoint potential (E°) acceptor, the latter of which captures most of the energy. Maximum efficiency …

Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cell Mitochondrial Fitness Governs Chemotherapeutic Efficacy In Hematologic Malignancies, Saeed Daneshmandi, Jee Eun Choi, Qi Yan, Cameron R. Macdonald, Manu Pandey, Mounika Goruganthu, Nathan Roberts, Prashant K. Singh, Richard M. Higashi, Andrew N. Lane, Teresa W-M Fan, Jianmin Wang, Philip L. Mccarthy, Elizabeth A. Repasky, Hemn Mohammadpour

Markey Cancer Center Faculty Publications

Myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are key regulators of immune responses and correlate with poor outcomes in hematologic malignancies. Here, we identify that MDSC mitochondrial fitness controls the efficacy of doxorubicin chemotherapy in a preclinical lymphoma model. Mechanistically, we show that triggering STAT3 signaling via β2-adrenergic receptor (β2-AR) activation leads to improved MDSC function through metabolic reprogram- ing, marked by sustained mitochondrial respiration and higher ATP generation which reduces AMPK signaling, altering energy metabolism. Furthermore, induced STAT3 signaling in MDSCs enhances glutamine consumption via the TCA cycle. Metabolized glutamine generates itaconate which downregulates mitochondrial reactive oxygen species via regulation of …

Antioxidant Properties Of Bovine Liver Protein Hydrolysates And Their Practical Application In Biphasic Systems, Betul Arslan, Youling L. Xiong, Ayla Soyer

Animal and Food Sciences Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: The influence of protein hydrolysate produced from bovine liver protein hydrolysate (LPH) by enzymatic hydrolysis, using Alcalase/Protamex (1:1), on lipid dispersions was investigated. LPH production was optimized to maximize the antioxidant activity (at 45, 50, and 55 °C for 12, 18, and 24 h). Different concentrations of LPHs (1, 3, and 5 mg/g) were added to emulsions and to liposomes. Lipid oxidation level and particle size of the lipid dispersions were monitored for 14 days of storage at 25 °C. RESULTS: Radical scavenging activity and reducing power were the highest at 45 °C after 24 h of hydrolysis. Electrophoresis …

The Hagfish Genome And The Evolution Of Vertebrates, Ferdinand Marlétaz, Nataliya Timoshevskaya, Vladimir A. Timoshevskiy, Elise Parey, Oleg Simakov, Daria Gavriouchkina, Masakazu Suzuki, Kaoru Kubokawa, Sydney Brenner, Jeramiah James Smith, Daniel S. Rokhsar

Markey Cancer Center Faculty Publications

As the only surviving lineages of jawless fishes, hagfishes and lampreys provide a crucial window into early vertebrate evolution1–3 . Here we investigate the complex history, timing and functional role of genome-wide duplications4–7 and programmed DNA elimination8,9 in vertebrates in the light of a chromosome-scale genome sequence for the brown hagfish Eptatretus atami. Combining evidence from syntenic and phylogenetic analyses, we establish a comprehensive picture of vertebrate genome evolution, including an auto-tetraploidization (1RV) that predates the early Cambrian cyclostome–gnathostome split, followed by a mid–late Cambrian allo-tetraploidization (2RJV) in gnathostomes and a prolonged Cambrian–Ordovician hexaploidization (2RCY) in cyclostomes. Subsequently, hagfishes underwent …

Altered Lipid Metabolism In Apc-Driven Colorectal Cancer: The Potential For Therapeutic Intervention, Courtney O. Kelson, Yekaterina Y. Zaytseva

Markey Cancer Center Faculty Publications

Altered lipid metabolism is a well-recognized feature of solid cancers, including colorectal cancer. In colorectal cancer, upregulation of lipid metabolism contributes to initiation, progression, and metastasis; thus, aberrant lipid metabolism contributes to a poor patient outcome. The inactivating mutation of APC, a vital tumor suppressor in the Wnt signaling pathway, is a key event that occurs early in the majority of colorectal cancer cases. The potential crosstalk between lipid metabolism and APC-driven colorectal cancer is poorly understood. This review collectively highlights and summarizes the limited understanding between mutations in APC and the upregulation of Wnt/beta- catenin signaling and lipid metabolism. …

Silvopastoral Agroforestry In Upland And Lowland Uk Grassland: Tree Growth And Animal Performance, W R. Eason, R Lavender, R O. Clements, C Duller, E Gill, M Hislop

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Trees, individually protected from herbivore damage using plastic shelters, were planted at two densities (100 and 400 stems/ha) into sheepgrazed pasture in upland and lowland UK grassland sites in 1988. Tree and animal performance were compared with conventional forestry (no sheep) and pasture (no tree) systems. Effects on tree growth and survival are highly species and site dependent although some treatment effects did emerge. Tree shelters encouraged rapid early height growth compared to forestry controls although in some cases tree form was also adversely affected. Generally tree performance within agroforestry treatments was better at the higher planting density. Eight years …