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Genome-Wide Analysis Of The Interaction Between The Endosymbiotic Bacterium Wolbachia And Its Drosophila Host, Zhiyong Xi, Laurent Gavotte, Yan Xie, Stephen L. Dobson

Entomology Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: Intracellular Wolbachia bacteria are obligate, maternally-inherited, endosymbionts found frequently in insects and other invertebrates. The success of Wolbachia can be attributed in part to an ability to alter host reproduction via mechanisms including cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI), parthenogenesis, feminization and male killing. Despite substantial scientific effort, the molecular mechanisms underlying the Wolbachia/host interaction are unknown.

RESULTS: Here, an in vitro Wolbachia infection was generated in the Drosophila S2 cell line, and transcription profiles of infected and uninfected cells were compared by microarray. Differentially-expressed patterns related to reproduction, immune response and heat stress response are observed, including multiple genes that have …

Lectures On Computational Numerical Analysis Of Partial Differential Equations, James M. Mcdonough

Mechanical Engineering Textbook Gallery

From Chapter 1:

The purpose of these lectures is to present a set of straightforward numerical methods with applicability to essentially any problem associated with a partial differential equation (PDE) or system of PDEs independent of type, spatial dimension or form of nonlinearity.

The Denial Of Emergency Protection: Factors Associated With Court Decision Making, Carol E. Jordan, Adam J. Pritchard, Pamela Wilcox, Danielle Duckett-Pritchard

Office for Policy Studies on Violence Against Women Publications

Despite the importance of civil orders of protection as a legal resource for victims of intimate partner violence, research is limited in this area, and most studies focus on the process following a court’s initial issuance of an emergency order. The purpose of this study is to address a major gap in the literature by examining cases where victims of intimate partner violence are denied access to temporary orders of protection. The study sample included a review of 2,205 petitions that had been denied by a Kentucky court during the 2003 fiscal year. The study offers important insights into the …

Kentucky Water Resources Research Institute Annual Technical Report Fy 2007, Kentucky Water Resources Research Institute, University Of Kentucky

KWRRI Annual Technical Reports (USGS’s 104b Grant Program)

The 2007 Annual Technical Report for Kentucky consolidates reporting requirements of the Section 104(b) base grant award into a single document that includes: 1) a synopsis of each student research enhancement project conducted during the period, 2) citations for related publications, reports, and presentations, 3) a description of information transfer activities, 4) a summary of student support during the reporting period, and 5) notable awards and achievements during the year.

Optimizing Qpcr For The Quantification Of Periodontal Pathogens In A Complex Plaque Biofilm, Sreenatha S. Kirakodu, M. Govindaswami, Michael John Novak, Jeffrey L. Ebersole, Karen F. Novak

Center for Oral Health Research Faculty Publications

Quantitative PCR (qPCR) has recently been used to quantify microorganisms in complex communities, including dental plaque biofilms. However, there is variability in the qPCR protocols being used. This study was designed to evaluate the validity of two of these variables with the intent of developing a more standardized qPCR protocol. The two variables evaluated were (1) the use of DNA content versus actual cell counts to estimate bacterial numbers in mixed plaque samples and (2) the effectiveness of three different universal primers versus species specific primers in amplifying specific target pathogens in these samples. Results lead to the development of …

Packing Factors Of Feed Products In Storage Structures, Samuel G. Mcneill, Michael D. Montross, Sidney A. Thompson, I. Joseph Ross, Thomas C. Bridges

Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering Faculty Publications

Experiments were conducted to measure the changes in bulk density of cracked corn, corn meal, soybean meal, cotton seed meal, and distillers dried grain (without solubles) when subjected to simulated overburden pressures. All materials were tested at two moisture content levels (approximately 8% and 12% w.b.) and seven pressures between 0 and 69 kPa (0 and 10 psi). A mathematical model was fitted to the data to predict the bulk density of each feed ingredient as a function of pressure and moisture content. These relationships were inserted into a previously developed computer model to predict ingredient packing within conventional storage …

A History Of Art In Africa, Monica Blackmun Visonà, Robin Poynor, Herbert M. Cole

Art and Visual Studies Textbook Gallery

This is an adapted version of the second edition of A History of Art in Africa, published in 2008 by Pearson/Prentice Hall. It has been scanned and digitized with the original graphics and illustrations redacted for Monica Blackmun Visonà, who now holds copyright to the entire text. The text is complete, and chapters 1-5 include thumbnails with weblinks to alternate illustrations. Dr. Visonà is preparing a third edition of A History of Art in Africa for University of Michigan Publishing Services, which will appear both online and in print. As this textbook remains the most comprehensive art historical survey of …

State Regulation Of Complementary And Alternative Veterinary Therapies: Defining The Practice Of Veterinary Medicine In The 21st Century, Milton C. Toby

Kentucky Journal of Equine, Agriculture, & Natural Resources Law

No abstract provided.

Reining In The Horse Racing Industry: A Proposal For Federal Regulation Of Steroid Use In Racehorses, Jennifer M. Jabroski

Kentucky Journal of Equine, Agriculture, & Natural Resources Law

No abstract provided.

The Role Of Administrative Law In Regulating "Mad Cow Disease" As Explained In Creekstone Farms Premium Beef, Llc V. Department Of Agriculture, Courtney E. Ross

Kentucky Journal of Equine, Agriculture, & Natural Resources Law

No abstract provided.

Suicides Among Farmers In Three Southeastern States, 1990-1998, Steven R. Browning, Susan C. Westneat, Robert H. Mcknight

Epidemiology and Environmental Health Faculty Publications

Several studies have documented higher rates of suicide among farmers in comparison to other occupational groups, both in the U.S. and internationally. The purpose of this study is to describe the epidemiology of farmer suicides in three southeastern states (Kentucky, North Carolina, and South Carolina) during the nine-year period 1990-1998. Electronic death certificate data were obtained from the National Center for Health Statistics. Over the nine-year period, there were 590 deaths related to suicide (E-codes: 950-959) among farmers (occupation codes: 473, 474, 475, 477, and 479) in the states of Kentucky, North Carolina, and South Carolina. The results of this …

Assessment Of Water Quality Trends In The North Fork Of Kentucky River Basin: Focus On Pathogen Impairment, Kentucky Water Resources Research Institute

KWRRI Research Reports

This project consisted of analyzing existing water quality data for streams in the Upper Forks of Kentucky River Basin, with a particular focus on pathogen trends. According to the most recent 303(d) list of Kentucky waters, the majority of streams assessed in the Upper Forks of Kentucky River Basin are impaired for primary recreational contact as a result of pathogens. The state pathogen standard for primary contact recreation is expressed in a dual form which specifies that the 30-day geometric mean of fecal coliform counts not exceed 200 colonies per 100 mL (on a minimum of five samples) and not …

“There's Danger Here, Cherie!”: Liability For The Promotion And Marketing Of Drugs And Medical Devices For Off-Label Uses, Richard C. Ausness

Law Faculty Scholarly Articles

Physicians often prescribe prescription drugs and other medications for uses that are not approved by the Food and Drug Administration ("FDA"), and such "off label" prescription is widely accepted within the medical community as a legitimate form of treatment. However, the federal government discourages off-label prescription and use in various ways. For example, the FDA restricts the dissemination of information by drug companies about potential off-label therapies. In addition, federally funded health insurance programs such as Medicaid do not reimburse health care providers for off-label uses. Because drug companies make large profits from off-label prescriptions, they are often tempted to …

Assessment Of Synaptic Function During Short-Term Facilitation In Motor Nerve Terminals In The Crayfish, Mohati Desai-Shah, Kert Viele, G. Sparks, J. Nadolski, B. Hayden, V. K. Srinivasan, Robin L. Cooper

Biology Faculty Publications

An enhanced buildup of [Ca²⁺]i occurs during short-term facilitation (STF) at the crayfish neuromuscular junction (NMJ). As a model system, this NMJ allows discrete postsynaptic quantal events to be counted and characterized in relation to STF. Providing 10 pulses, at 20 and 40Hz, we monitored postsynaptic quantal events over a discrete region of a nerve terminal with a focal macropatch electrode. Characteristics of quantal events were clustered into groups by peak amplitude and time to the peak amplitude. Since the synapses at this NMJ have varied spacing of active zones, number of active zones and synaptic size, the …

Presynaptic Depression In Phasic Motor Nerve Terminals And Influence Of 5-Ht On Vesicle Dynamics, A. F. M. Johnstone, S. S. Kellie, Robin L. Cooper

Biology Faculty Publications

Synaptic depression that is induced by electrical stimulation of the glutamatergic neuromuscular junction (NMJ) of the crayfish can be offset by recruitment of vesicles from a presynaptic reserve pool. This recruitment occurs following treatment of the NMJ with serotonin (5-HT), which results in a delay in the onset of synaptic depression induced by high frequency stimulation. The results of this study demonstrate that the releasable vesicles are insufficiently replenished during high frequency stimulation and that the readily releasable pool of vesicles (RRP) can be enhanced by the reserve pool (RP) in the presence of 5-HT. Anatomical visualization of vesicular pools …

Application Of Artificial Neural Network Techniques For Design Of Modular Minicell Configurations, Arvind Goyal

University of Kentucky Master's Theses

Artificial neural networks, so far, have not been used for designing modular cells. Therefore, Self-organizing neural network (SONN) is used in the present research to design minicell-based manufacturing system. Two previously developed methods were studied and implemented using SONN model. Results obtained are compared with previous results to analyze the effectiveness of SONN in designing minicells. A new method is then developed with the objective to design minicells more effectively and efficiently. Results of all three methods are compared using machine-count and materialhandling as performance measuring criteria to find out the best method

Algebraic And Combinatorial Properties Of Certain Toric Ideals In Theory And Applications, Sonja Petrovic

University of Kentucky Doctoral Dissertations

This work focuses on commutative algebra, its combinatorial and computational aspects, and its interactions with statistics. The main objects of interest are projective varieties in Pⁿ, algebraic properties of their coordinate rings, and the combinatorial invariants, such as Hilbert series and Gröbner fans, of their defining ideals. Specifically, the ideals in this work are all toric ideals, and they come in three flavors: they are defining ideals of a family of classical varieties called rational normal scrolls, cut ideals that can be associated to a graph, and phylogenetic ideals arising in a new and increasingly popular area of …

The Collected Works Of Hippocrates And Galen: The Greatest Physicians Of The Graeco-Roman World, Charles T. Ambrose

Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Recent Advances In Medicago Truncatula Genomics, Jean-Michel Ané, Hongyan Zhu, Julia Frugoli

Plant and Soil Sciences Faculty Publications

Legume rotation has allowed a consistent increase in crop yield and consequently in human population since the antiquity. Legumes will also be instrumental in our ability to maintain the sustainability of our agriculture while facing the challenges of increasing food and biofuel demand. Medicago truncatula and Lotus japonicus have emerged during the last decade as two major model systems for legume biology. Initially developed to dissect plant-microbe symbiotic interactions and especially legume nodulation, these two models are now widely used in a variety of biological fields from plant physiology and development to population genetics and structural genomics. This review highlights …

Where Are You Hurt? Kentucky Redefines Workers' Compensation Injury In A Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder World, James M. Inman

Kentucky Law Journal

No abstract provided.

Was It Good For You Too? Conversation Analysis Of Two Interviews, Linda F. Smith

Kentucky Law Journal

No abstract provided.

Creative Development: Helping Poor Countries By Building Creative Industries, Mark Schultz, Alec Van Gelder

Kentucky Law Journal

No abstract provided.

Micrornas (Mirnas) In Neurodegenerative Diseases, Peter T. Nelson, Wang-Xia Wang, Bernard W. Rajeev

Sanders-Brown Center on Aging Faculty Publications

Aging-related neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are the culmination of many different genetic and environmental influences. Prior studies have shown that RNAs are pathologically altered during the inexorable course of some NDs. Recent evidence suggests that microRNAs (miRNAs) may be a contributing factor in neurodegeneration. miRNAs are brain-enriched, small (~22 nucleotides) non-coding RNAs that participate in mRNA translational regulation. Although discovered in the framework of worm development, miRNAs are now appreciated to play a dynamic role in many mammalian brain-related biochemical pathways, including neuroplasticity and stress responses. Research about miRNAs in the context of neurodegeneration is accumulating rapidly, and the goal of …

Providing A Safe Harbor For Those Who Play By The Rules: The Case For A Strong Regulatory Compliance Defense, Richard C. Ausness, H. Lee Barfield, David A. King, Joshua R. Denton, Stephen J. Jasper

Law Faculty Scholarly Articles

On September 25, 2003, a fire broke out at the National Health Care (NHC) nursing home facility in Nashville, Tennessee, causing sixteen deaths and a number of injuries from smoke inhalation. Thirty-two victims subsequently filed suit against the nursing home, alleging that NHC was negligent for failing to install sprinklers in its facility. This claim was made notwithstanding the fact that applicable federal, state, and local safety regulations did not require the installation of sprinklers in this particular type of building, and notwithstanding that the NHC facility had been inspected by state fire inspectors just months before the fire and …

Molecular, Genetic And Biochemical Characterization Of Oleic Acid- And Glycerol-Mediated Signaling In Plant Defense, Srivathsa C. Venugopal

Theses and Dissertations--Plant Pathology

Oleic acid (18:1) is one of the important monounsaturated fatty acids, which is synthesized upon desaturation of stearic acid and this reaction is catalyzed by the SSI2 encoded stearoyl-acyl-carrier-protein-desaturase. A mutation in SSI2 leads to constitutive activation of salicylic acid (SA)-mediated defense responses. Consequently, these plants accumulate high levels of SA and show enhanced resistance to bacterial and oomycete pathogens. Replenishing 18:1 levels in ssi2 plants, via a second site mutation in GLY1 encoded glycerol-3-phosphate (G3P) dehydrogenase, suppresses all the ssi2-triggered phenotypes. Study of mechanism(s) underlying gly1-mediated suppression of ssi2 phenotypes showed that 18:1 levels are regulated via …

Role Of Reactive Oxygen Species Peroxynitrite In Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury, Yiqin Xiong

University of Kentucky Doctoral Dissertations

Peroxynitrite (PN, ONOO-), formed by nitric oxide radical (^•NO) and superoxide radical (O2^•-), plays an important role in post-traumatic oxidative damage. In the early work, we determined the temporal characteristics of PN-derived oxidative damage in a rat spinal cord injury (SCI) model. Our results showed 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT), a specific marker for PN, rapidly accumulated at early time points (1 hr, 3 hrs), after when it plateaued and the high level was sustained to 1 week post injury. The co-localization of 3-NT and lipid peroxidation derived-4-HNE observed in immunohistochemistry indicates PN is involved in lipid peroxidative as …

The Underlying Mechanism(S) Of Fasting Induced Neuroprotection After Moderate Traumatic Brain Injury, Laurie Michelle Helene Davis

University of Kentucky Doctoral Dissertations

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is becoming a national epidemic, as it accounts for 1.5 million cases each year. This disorder affects primarily the young population and elderly. Currently, there is no treatment for TBI, which means that ~2% of the U.S. population is currently living with prolonged neurological damage and dysfunction. Recently, there have been many studies showing that TBI negatively impacts mitochondrial function. It has been proposed that in order to save the cell from destruction mitochondrial function must be preserved. The ketogenic diet, originally designed to mimic fasting physiology, is effective in treating epilepsy. Therefore, we have used …

Targeting The Metal Chelator D-Penicillamine To Exploit The Elevated Copper And Oxidative Stress Associated With Cancer, Anshul Gupte

University of Kentucky Doctoral Dissertations

The significantly increased copper and oxidative stress levels are characteristic hallmarks of cancer cells. These differences provide a unique opportunity for selective targeting of cancer cells. D-penicillamine (D-pen) has been proposed to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) in presence of copper. Therefore, these studies were aimed at investigating the potential application of a currently marketed copper chelator, D-pen, as a novel cytotoxic anti-cancer agent. D-pen was shown to produce ROS, specifically hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), in the presence of cupric sulfate through a copper catalyzed oxidation reaction. During this process D-pen was converted to D-pen disulfide. The experimental proof of the …

Caffeine Consumption Patterns And Beliefs Of College Freshmen, Gary Eugene Mcilvain

University of Kentucky Doctoral Dissertations

Recently, energy drinks that contain high caffeine content without any age restrictions for purchase, have been introduced into the U.S. market. Caffeine consumption in the U.S. has increased dramatically, resulting in an increase in emergency room visits and calls to poison control centers. This increase in energy drink consumption, along with the traditional coffees, teas, and soft drinks that people consume regularly, have pushed caffeine consumption to new highs in a multi-billion dollar market.

The purpose of this study was to determine (1) the amount of caffeine consumed by a sample of freshmen students at Marshall University, (2) their beliefs …

Harvest Frequency And Cultivar Effects On Yield, Quality, And Regrowth Rate Among New Alfalfa Cultivars, Thomas Adam Probst

University of Kentucky Master's Theses

Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is the most important forage crop in the United States and consistently produces high yields and quality, but harvest frequency is the most significant factor for maximizing forage yield and quality. The objective of this research was to determine forage yield, quality, and regrowth rate among new alfalfa cultivars under four different harvest frequencies. Some of these cultivars have been marketed as having rapid rates of regrowth after cutting to maximize the number of harvests per year. Five cultivars were placed under four harvest frequencies of 25, 30, 35, and 40 days in a split-plot …