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Mechanistic Insights Into Glucan Phosphatase Activity Against Polyglucan Substrates, David A. Meekins, Madushi Raththagala, Kyle D. Auger, Benjamin D. Turner, Diana Santelia, Oliver Kötting, Matthew S. Gentry, Craig W. Vander Kooi Sep 2015

Mechanistic Insights Into Glucan Phosphatase Activity Against Polyglucan Substrates, David A. Meekins, Madushi Raththagala, Kyle D. Auger, Benjamin D. Turner, Diana Santelia, Oliver Kötting, Matthew S. Gentry, Craig W. Vander Kooi

Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry Faculty Publications

Glucan phosphatases are central to the regulation of starch and glycogen metabolism. Plants contain two known glucan phosphatases, Starch EXcess4 (SEX4) and Like Sex Four2 (LSF2), which dephosphorylate starch. Starch is water-insoluble and reversible phosphorylation solubilizes its outer surface allowing processive degradation. Vertebrates contain a single known glucan phosphatase, laforin, that dephosphorylates glycogen. In the absence of laforin, water-soluble glycogen becomes insoluble, leading to the neurodegenerative disorder Lafora Disease. Because of their essential role in starch and glycogen metabolism glucan phosphatases are of significant interest, yet a comparative analysis of their activities against diverse glucan substrates has not been established. …


Structural And Functional Characterization Of A Lytic Polysaccharide Monooxygenase With Broad Substrate Specificity, Anna S. Borisova, Trine Isaksen, Maria Dimarogona, Abhishek A. Kognole, Geir Mathiesen, Anikó Várnai, Åsmund K. Røhr, Christina M. Payne, Morten Sørlie, Mats Sandgren, Vincent G. H. Eijsink Sep 2015

Structural And Functional Characterization Of A Lytic Polysaccharide Monooxygenase With Broad Substrate Specificity, Anna S. Borisova, Trine Isaksen, Maria Dimarogona, Abhishek A. Kognole, Geir Mathiesen, Anikó Várnai, Åsmund K. Røhr, Christina M. Payne, Morten Sørlie, Mats Sandgren, Vincent G. H. Eijsink

Chemical and Materials Engineering Faculty Publications

The recently discovered lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) carry out oxidative cleavage of polysaccharides and are of major importance for efficient processing of biomass. NcLPMO9C from Neurospora crassa acts both on cellulose and on non-cellulose β-glucans, including cellodextrins and xyloglucan. The crystal structure of the catalytic domain of NcLPMO9C revealed an extended, highly polar substrate-binding surface well suited to interact with a variety of sugar substrates. The ability of NcLPMO9C to act on soluble substrates was exploited to study enzyme-substrate interactions. EPR studies demonstrated that the Cu2+ center environment is altered upon substrate binding, whereas isothermal titration …


Methods For Increasing Renewable Oil Productions, David Hildebrand, Runzhi Li, Tomoko Hatanaka Sep 2015

Methods For Increasing Renewable Oil Productions, David Hildebrand, Runzhi Li, Tomoko Hatanaka

Plant and Soil Sciences Faculty Patents

Methods of increasing renewable oil production are provided and include transforming a plant cell with an isolated nucleic acid encoding a Vernonia galamensis diacylglycerol acyltransferase (V gDGAT) polypeptide, where the expression of the V gDGAT polypeptide increases an amount of renewable oil in the plant. Transgenic plant cells comprising an isolated nucleic acid encoding a Vernonia galamensis diacylglycerol acyl transferase 1 (V gDGATl) polypeptide are further provided.


Stilbene Analogs And Methods Of Treating Cancer, David Watt, Chunming Liu, Vitaliy M. Sviripa, Wen Zhang Sep 2015

Stilbene Analogs And Methods Of Treating Cancer, David Watt, Chunming Liu, Vitaliy M. Sviripa, Wen Zhang

Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty Patents

Stilbene analogs and pharmaceutical compositions that are useful for the treatment of various cancers, including without limitation, colorectal cancer (CRC) and breast cancer are disclosed. The halogenated stilbene analogs include nitrogen heteroaryl groups and/or amino groups on the stilbene ring.


Mirnas Regulated Overexpression Of Ryanodine Receptor Is Involved In Chlorantraniliprole Resistance In Plutella Xylostella (L.), Xiuxia Li, Lei Guo, Xuguo Zhou, Xiwu Gao, Pei Liang Sep 2015

Mirnas Regulated Overexpression Of Ryanodine Receptor Is Involved In Chlorantraniliprole Resistance In Plutella Xylostella (L.), Xiuxia Li, Lei Guo, Xuguo Zhou, Xiwu Gao, Pei Liang

Entomology Faculty Publications

The amino acid mutations in ryanodine receptor (RyR) and elevated activity of detoxification enzymes have been associated with the diamide insecticide resistance in the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.). The up-regulation of P. xylostella RyR mRNA (PxRyR) expression has also been reported in field populations of different graphical origin. However, whether the up-regulation of PxRyR is involved in diamide resistance remains unknown. In this paper, 2.28- to 4.14-fold higher expression of PxRyR was detected in five field collected resistant populations, compared to that in a susceptible population. The expression of PxRyR was up-regulated 5.0- and 7.2-fold, respectively, after …


Disruption Of Daily Rhythms By High-Fat Diet Is Reversible, Katrina L. Branecky, Kevin D. Niswender, Julie S. Pendergast Sep 2015

Disruption Of Daily Rhythms By High-Fat Diet Is Reversible, Katrina L. Branecky, Kevin D. Niswender, Julie S. Pendergast

Biology Faculty Publications

In mammals a network of circadian clocks coordinates behavior and physiology with 24-h environmental cycles. Consumption of high-fat diet disrupts this temporal coordination by advancing the phase of the liver molecular clock and altering daily rhythms of eating behavior and locomotor activity. In this study we sought to determine whether these effects of high-fat diet on circadian rhythms were reversible. We chronically fed mice high-fat diet and then returned them to low-fat chow diet. We found that the phase of the liver PERIOD2::LUCIFERASE rhythm was advanced (by 4h) and the daily rhythms of eating behavior and locomotor activity were altered …


Catatonia In Older Adult Individuals With Intellectual Disabilities, Megan White, Edward Maxwell, Warren E. Milteer, Jose De Leon Sep 2015

Catatonia In Older Adult Individuals With Intellectual Disabilities, Megan White, Edward Maxwell, Warren E. Milteer, Jose De Leon

Psychiatry Faculty Publications

Catatonia has been described in children with intellectual disabilities (IDs). These are the first three published cases of catatonia in adults older than 50 years of age with IDs. They were followed using the KANNER scale and, in one case, creatinine phosphokinase (CPK) monitoring. Case 1 is a 67-year-old Caucasian who probably had been having intermittent episodes of undiagnosed catatonia withdrawal for many years. His episodes of agitation and withdrawal behavior responded to lorazepam up to 8 mg/day. Case 2 is a 63-year-old Caucasian male who had probably had undiagnosed catatonic episodes since age 25. An agitation episode that rated …


Homo Naledi, A New Species Of The Genus Homo From The Dinaledi Chamber, South Africa, Lee R. Berger, John Hawks, Darryl J. De Ruiter, Steven E. Churchill, Peter Schmid, Lucas K. Delezene, Tracy L. Kivell, Heather M. Garvin, Scott A. Williams, Jeremy M. Desilva, Matthew M. Skinner, Charles M. Musiba, Noel Cameron, Trenton W. Holliday, William Harcourt-Smith, Rebecca R. Ackermann, Markus Bastir, Barry Bogin, Debra Bolter, Juliet Brophy, Zachary D. Cofran, Kimberly A. Congdon, Andrew S. Deane, Mana Dembo, Michelle Drapeau, Marina C. Elliott, Elen M. Feuerriegel, Daniel Garcia-Martinez, David J. Green, Alia Gurtov, Joel D. Irish, Ashley Kruger, Myra F. Laird, Damiano Marchi, Marc R. Meyer, Shahed Nalla, Enquye W. Negash, Caley M. Orr, Davorka Radovcic, Lauren Schroeder, Jill E. Scott, Zachary Throckmorton, Matthew W. Tocheri, Caroline Vansickle, Christopher S. Walker, Pianpian Wei, Bernhard Zipfel Sep 2015

Homo Naledi, A New Species Of The Genus Homo From The Dinaledi Chamber, South Africa, Lee R. Berger, John Hawks, Darryl J. De Ruiter, Steven E. Churchill, Peter Schmid, Lucas K. Delezene, Tracy L. Kivell, Heather M. Garvin, Scott A. Williams, Jeremy M. Desilva, Matthew M. Skinner, Charles M. Musiba, Noel Cameron, Trenton W. Holliday, William Harcourt-Smith, Rebecca R. Ackermann, Markus Bastir, Barry Bogin, Debra Bolter, Juliet Brophy, Zachary D. Cofran, Kimberly A. Congdon, Andrew S. Deane, Mana Dembo, Michelle Drapeau, Marina C. Elliott, Elen M. Feuerriegel, Daniel Garcia-Martinez, David J. Green, Alia Gurtov, Joel D. Irish, Ashley Kruger, Myra F. Laird, Damiano Marchi, Marc R. Meyer, Shahed Nalla, Enquye W. Negash, Caley M. Orr, Davorka Radovcic, Lauren Schroeder, Jill E. Scott, Zachary Throckmorton, Matthew W. Tocheri, Caroline Vansickle, Christopher S. Walker, Pianpian Wei, Bernhard Zipfel

Neuroscience Faculty Publications

Homo naledi is a previously-unknown species of extinct hominin discovered within the Dinaledi Chamber of the Rising Star cave system, Cradle of Humankind, South Africa. This species is characterized by body mass and stature similar to small-bodied human populations but a small endocranial volume similar to australopiths. Cranial morphology of H. naledi is unique, but most similar to early Homo species including Homo erectus, Homo habilis or Homo rudolfensis. While primitive, the dentition is generally small and simple in occlusal morphology. H. naledi has humanlike manipulatory adaptations of the hand and wrist. It also exhibits a humanlike foot …


Special Programs, Uk Office Of Undergraduate Research Sep 2015

Special Programs, Uk Office Of Undergraduate Research

Kaleidoscope

No abstract provided.


Oswald Research And Creativity Program, Uk Office Of Undergraduate Research Sep 2015

Oswald Research And Creativity Program, Uk Office Of Undergraduate Research

Kaleidoscope

No abstract provided.


Undergraduate Awards And Honors, Uk Office Of Undergraduate Research Sep 2015

Undergraduate Awards And Honors, Uk Office Of Undergraduate Research

Kaleidoscope

No abstract provided.


Uk Undergraduate Research Program, Uk Office Of Undergraduate Research Sep 2015

Uk Undergraduate Research Program, Uk Office Of Undergraduate Research

Kaleidoscope

No abstract provided.


Summer Research And Creativity Grants, Uk Office Of Undergraduate Research Sep 2015

Summer Research And Creativity Grants, Uk Office Of Undergraduate Research

Kaleidoscope

No abstract provided.


Beckman Scholar 2005-06, Jason Passafiume Sep 2015

Beckman Scholar 2005-06, Jason Passafiume

Kaleidoscope

No abstract provided.


Beckman Scholar 2005-06, Nicolas Badre Sep 2015

Beckman Scholar 2005-06, Nicolas Badre

Kaleidoscope

No abstract provided.


Beckman Scholars Program, Uk Office Of Undergraduate Research Sep 2015

Beckman Scholars Program, Uk Office Of Undergraduate Research

Kaleidoscope

No abstract provided.


Antitheatricalism And The Movement Of Sexual Difference, Andrew Bozio Sep 2015

Antitheatricalism And The Movement Of Sexual Difference, Andrew Bozio

Kaleidoscope

No abstract provided.


Complete Issue Of Volume 5 Sep 2015

Complete Issue Of Volume 5

Kaleidoscope

No abstract provided.


From The Editor's Viewpoint, Robert S. Tannenbaum Sep 2015

From The Editor's Viewpoint, Robert S. Tannenbaum

Kaleidoscope

No abstract provided.


Differential Expression Of Mrna Encoding Cytokines And Chemokines In The Reproductive Tract After Infection Of Mice With Chlamydia Trachomatis, Katheryn L. Cerny, Maranda Van Fleet, Anatoly Slepenkin, Ellena M. Peterson, Phillip J. Bridges Sep 2015

Differential Expression Of Mrna Encoding Cytokines And Chemokines In The Reproductive Tract After Infection Of Mice With Chlamydia Trachomatis, Katheryn L. Cerny, Maranda Van Fleet, Anatoly Slepenkin, Ellena M. Peterson, Phillip J. Bridges

Animal and Food Sciences Faculty Publications

Infection with Chlamydia trachomatis targets epithelial cells within the genital tract which respond by secreting chemokines and cytokines. Persistent inflammation can lead to fibrosis, tubal infertility and/or ectopic pregnancy; many infections are asymptomatic. Most studies have investigated the inflammatory response in the initial stages of infection, less is known about the later stages of infection, especially with a low, potentially asymptomatic, bacterial load. Our objective was to determine the inflammatory mediators involved in clearance of low-grade infection and the potential involvement in chronic inflammation. Six to eight week old C3H/HeJ mice were pretreated with 2.5 mg medroxyprogesterone acetate on day …


Novel Approaches Reveal That Toxoplasma Gondii Bradyzoites Within Tissue Cysts Are Dynamic And Replicating Entities In Vivo, Elizabeth Watts, Yihua Zhao, Animesh Dhara, Becca Eller, Abhijit R. Patwardhan, Anthony P. Sinai Sep 2015

Novel Approaches Reveal That Toxoplasma Gondii Bradyzoites Within Tissue Cysts Are Dynamic And Replicating Entities In Vivo, Elizabeth Watts, Yihua Zhao, Animesh Dhara, Becca Eller, Abhijit R. Patwardhan, Anthony P. Sinai

Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics Faculty Publications

Despite their critical role in chronic toxoplasmosis, the biology of Toxoplasma gondii bradyzoites is poorly understood. In an attempt to address this gap, we optimized approaches to purify tissue cysts and analyzed the replicative potential of bradyzoites within these cysts. In order to quantify individual bradyzoites within tissue cysts, we have developed imaging software, BradyCount 1.0, that allows the rapid establishment of bradyzoite burdens within imaged optical sections of purified tissue cysts. While in general larger tissue cysts contain more bradyzoites, their relative "occupancy" was typically lower than that of smaller cysts, resulting in a lower packing density. The packing …


Special Programs, Uk Office Of Undergraduate Research Sep 2015

Special Programs, Uk Office Of Undergraduate Research

Kaleidoscope

No abstract provided.


Oswald Research And Creativity Program, Uk Office Of Undergraduate Research Sep 2015

Oswald Research And Creativity Program, Uk Office Of Undergraduate Research

Kaleidoscope

No abstract provided.


Undergraduate Awards And Honors, Uk Office Of Undergraduate Research Sep 2015

Undergraduate Awards And Honors, Uk Office Of Undergraduate Research

Kaleidoscope

No abstract provided.


Uk Undergraduate Research Program, Uk Office Of Undergraduate Research Sep 2015

Uk Undergraduate Research Program, Uk Office Of Undergraduate Research

Kaleidoscope

No abstract provided.


Summer Research And Creativity Grants, Uk Office Of Undergraduate Research Sep 2015

Summer Research And Creativity Grants, Uk Office Of Undergraduate Research

Kaleidoscope

No abstract provided.


Beckman Scholar 2006-07, Megan Culler Sep 2015

Beckman Scholar 2006-07, Megan Culler

Kaleidoscope

No abstract provided.


Beckman Scholars Program, Uk Office Of Undergraduate Research Sep 2015

Beckman Scholars Program, Uk Office Of Undergraduate Research

Kaleidoscope

No abstract provided.


Prehistoric Drawings In Mammoth Cave, Logan Kistler Sep 2015

Prehistoric Drawings In Mammoth Cave, Logan Kistler

Kaleidoscope

During a recent Earthwatch Institute survey of archaeological remains in Mammoth Cave, a project was begun to find and record prehistoric images on the cave walls. I chose to analyze petroglyphs and pictographs on three panels in Main Cave. This article offers a hypothesis for the circumstances surrounding the rock art’s production: the geometric and anthropomorphic figures in Mammoth Cave are representative of a series of visual percepts experienced cross-culturally and caused by various conditions — including sensory deprivation, fatigue, and psychoactive drug use — acting on the ocular anatomy and nervous system. That is, the glyphs might be visual …


Nietzsche Contra Wright: On Becoming What You Are, Jordan Rodgers Sep 2015

Nietzsche Contra Wright: On Becoming What You Are, Jordan Rodgers

Kaleidoscope

Robert Wright’s recent book on evolutionary psychology, The Moral Animal, is concerned largely with the ethical implications of recent evolutionary science, and espouses a form of utilitarianism as the ethical theory that should naturally follow evolutionary insights into human psychology. This paper challenges that notion, with constant reference to the work of the philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche, on the basis that such an ethical theory places far too little emphasis on the individual as such, and is tantamount to a form of nihilism. This paper also argues that, while seeking for the happiness of other people is a good thing, our …