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Proceedings Of 2018 Kentucky Water Resources Annual Symposium, Kentucky Water Resources Research Institute, University Of Kentucky

Kentucky Water Resources Annual Symposium

This symposium was planned and conducted as a part of the state water resources research institute annual program that is supported by Grant/Cooperative Agreement Number G16AP00055 from the United States Geological Survey. The contents of this proceedings document and the views and conclusions presented at the symposium are solely the responsibility of the individual authors and presenters and do not necessarily represent the official views of the USGS or of the symposium organizers and sponsors. This publication is produced with the understanding that the United States Government is authorized to reproduce and distribute reprints for government purposes. Mention of trade …

Profiling Prostate Cancer Therapeutic Resistance, Cameron A. Wade, Natasha Kyprianou

Urology Faculty Publications

The major challenge in the treatment of patients with advanced lethal prostate cancer is therapeutic resistance to androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) and chemotherapy. Overriding this resistance requires understanding of the driving mechanisms of the tumor microenvironment, not just the androgen receptor (AR)-signaling cascade, that facilitate therapeutic resistance in order to identify new drug targets. The tumor microenvironment enables key signaling pathways promoting cancer cell survival and invasion via resistance to anoikis. In particular, the process of epithelial-mesenchymal-transition (EMT), directed by transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), confers stem cell properties and acquisition of a migratory and invasive phenotype via resistance to anoikis. Our …

The Value Of Mri In Distinguishing Subtypes Of Lipomatous Extremity Tumors Needs Reassessment In The Era Of Mdm2 And Cdk4 Testing, Sean Ryan, Julia Visgauss, David Kerr, Joshua Helmkamp, Nicholas Said, Emily Vinson, Patrick W. O'Donnell, Xuechan Li, Sin-Ho Jung, Diana Cardona, William Eward, Brian Brigman

Markey Cancer Center Faculty Publications

Introduction. Extremity lipomas and well-differentiated liposarcomas (WDLs) are difficult to distinguish on MR imaging. We sought to evaluate the accuracy of MRI interpretation using MDM2 amplification, via fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH), as the gold standard for pathologic diagnosis. Furthermore, we aimed to investigate the utility of a diagnostic formula proposed in the literature. Methods. We retrospectively collected 49 patients with lipomas or WDLs utilizing MDM2 for pathologic diagnosis. Four expert readers interpreted each patient's MRI independently and provided a diagnosis. Additionally, a formula based on imaging characteristics (i.e. tumor depth, diameter, presence of septa, and internal cystic change) …

Mitochondrial Transplantation Strategies As Potential Therapeutics For Central Nervous System Trauma, Jenna L. Gollihue, Samir P. Patel, Alexander G. Rabchevsky

Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center Faculty Publications

Mitochondria are essential cellular organelles critical for generating adenosine triphosphate for cellular homeostasis, as well as various mechanisms that can lead to both necrosis and apoptosis. The field of “mitochondrial medicine” is emerging in which injury/disease states are targeted therapeutically at the level of the mitochondrion, including specific antioxidants, bioenergetic substrate additions, and membrane uncoupling agents. Consequently, novel mitochondrial transplantation strategies represent a potentially multifactorial therapy leading to increased adenosine triphosphate production, decreased oxidative stress, mitochondrial DNA replacement, improved bioenergetics and tissue sparing. Herein, we describe briefly the history of mitochondrial transplantation and the various techniques used for both in …

Bio-Inspired Hybrid Vibration Control Methodology For Intelligent Isolated Bridge Structures, Mariantonieta Gutierrez Soto

Civil Engineering Faculty Publications

Inspired by evolutionary game theory, the biological game of replicator dynamics is investigated for vibration control of bridge structures subjected to earthquake excitations. Replicator dynamics can be interpreted economically as a model of imitation of successful individuals. This paper uses replicator dynamics to reduce vibrations while optimally allocating the control device forces. The control algorithm proposed is integrated with a patented neural dynamic optimization algorithm to find optimal growth rate values with the goal of achieving satisfactory structural performance with minimum energy consumption. A model is described for hybrid vibration control of smart highway bridge structures subjected to earthquake loading.

Evaluating Disparities In The U.S. Technology Transfer Ecosystem To Improve Bench To Business Translation, James Weis, Ashvin Bashyam, Gregory J. Ekchian, Kathryn Paisner, Nathan L. Vanderford

Markey Cancer Center Faculty Publications

Background: A large number of highly impactful technologies originated from academic research, and the transfer of inventions from academic institutions to private industry is a major driver of economic growth, and a catalyst for further discovery. However, there are significant inefficiencies in academic technology transfer. In this work, we conducted a data-driven assessment of translational activity across United States (U.S.) institutions to better understand how effective universities are in facilitating the transfer of new technologies into the marketplace. From this analysis, we provide recommendations to guide technology transfer policy making at both the university and national level.

Methods: Using data …

Alteration Of Tobacco Alkaloid Content Through Modification Of Specific Cytochrome P450 Genes, Ralph E. Dewey, Balazs Siminszky, Steven W. Bowen, Lily Gavilano

Plant and Soil Sciences Faculty Patents

Compositions and methods for reducing the level of nornicotine and N′-nitrosonornicotine (NNN) in Nicotiana plants and plant parts thereof are provided. The compositions comprise isolated polynucleotides and polypeptides for cytochrome P450s that are involved in the metabolic conversion of nicotine to nornicotine in these plants. Expression cassettes, vectors, plants, and plant parts thereof comprising inhibitory sequences that target expression or function of the disclosed cytochrome P450 polypeptides are also provided. Methods for the use of these novel sequences to inhibit expression or function of cytochrome P450 polypeptides involved in this metabolic conversion are also provided. The methods find use in …

Universality Of Quantum Information In Chaotic Cfts, Nima Lashkari, Anatoly Dymarsky, Hong Liu

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications

We study the Eigenstate Thermalization Hypothesis (ETH) in chaotic conformal field theories (CFTs) of arbitrary dimensions. Assuming local ETH, we compute the reduced density matrix of a ball-shaped subsystem of finite size in the infinite volume limit when the full system is an energy eigenstate. This reduced density matrix is close in trace distance to a density matrix, to which we refer as the ETH density matrix, that is independent of all the details of an eigenstate except its energy and charges under global symmetries. In two dimensions, the ETH density matrix is universal for all theories with the …

Acute Loss Of Iron-Sulfur Clusters Results In Metabolic Reprogramming And Generation Of Lipid Droplets In Mammalian Cells, Daniel R. Crooks, Nunziata Maio, Andrew N. Lane, Michal Jarnik, Richard M. Higashi, Ronald G. Haller, Ye Yang, Teresa Whei-Mei Fan, W. Marston Linehan, Tracey A. Rouault

Center for Environmental and Systems Biochemistry Faculty Publications

Iron–sulfur (Fe-S) clusters are ancient cofactors in cells and participate in diverse biochemical functions, including electron transfer and enzymatic catalysis. Although cell lines derived from individuals carrying mutations in the Fe-S cluster biogenesis pathway or siRNA-mediated knockdown of the Fe-S assembly components provide excellent models for investigating Fe-S cluster formation in mammalian cells, these experimental strategies focus on the consequences of prolonged impairment of Fe-S assembly. Here, we constructed and expressed dominant–negative variants of the primary Fe-S biogenesis scaffold protein iron–sulfur cluster assembly enzyme 2 (ISCU2) in human HEK293 cells. This approach enabled us to study the early metabolic reprogramming …

Morphogenetic Defects Underlie Superior Coloboma, A Newly Identified Closure Disorder Of The Dorsal Eye, Jennifer C. Hocking, Jakub K. Famulski, Kevin H. Yoon, Sonya A. Widen, Cassidy S. Bernstein, Sophie Koch, Omri Weiss, Forge Canada Consortium, Canada, Seema Agarwala, Adi Inbal, Ordan J. Lehmann, Andrew J. Waskiewicz

Biology Faculty Publications

The eye primordium arises as a lateral outgrowth of the forebrain, with a transient fissure on the inferior side of the optic cup providing an entry point for developing blood vessels. Incomplete closure of the inferior ocular fissure results in coloboma, a disease characterized by gaps in the inferior eye and recognized as a significant cause of pediatric blindness. Here, we identify eight patients with defects in tissues of the superior eye, a congenital disorder that we term superior coloboma. The embryonic origin of superior coloboma could not be explained by conventional models of eye development, leading us to …

Genetic And Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Symbiotic Specificity In Legume-Rhizobium Interactions, Qi Wang, Jinge Liu, Hongyan Zhu

Plant and Soil Sciences Faculty Publications

Legumes are able to form a symbiotic relationship with nitrogen-fixing soil bacteria called rhizobia. The result of this symbiosis is to form nodules on the plant root, within which the bacteria can convert atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia that can be used by the plant. Establishment of a successful symbiosis requires the two symbiotic partners to be compatible with each other throughout the process of symbiotic development. However, incompatibility frequently occurs, such that a bacterial strain is unable to nodulate a particular host plant or forms nodules that are incapable of fixing nitrogen. Genetic and molecular mechanisms that regulate symbiotic specificity …

Continuous Training And Certification In Neonatal Resuscitation In Remote Areas Using A Multi-Platform Information And Communication Technology Intervention, Compared To Standard Training: A Randomized Cluster Trial Study Protocol, Carlos Alberto Delgado, Enrique M. Gómez Pomar, Pablo Velásquez, Víctor Sánchez, Roberto Shimabuku, Luis Huicho, Rcpneoperu Study Group

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

Background: About 10% of all newborns may have difficulty breathing and require support by trained personnel. In Peru, 90% of deliveries occur in health facilities. However, there is not a national neonatal resuscitation and certification program for the public health sector. In addition, the Andes and the Amazon regions concentrate large rural remote areas, which further limit the implementation of training programs and the accomplishment of continuous certification. Neonatal resuscitation training through the use of Information, Communication and Technology (ICT) tools, running on computers, tablets or mobile phones, may overcome such limitations. This strategy allows online and offline access …

Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy For Locally Progressive And Recurrent Pancreatic Cancer After Prior Radiation, Philip Sutera, Mark E. Bernard, Hong Wang, Nathan Bahary, Steven Burton, Herbert Zeh, Dwight E. Heron

Radiation Medicine Faculty Publications

Introduction: Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is an aggressive malignancy that has consistently demonstrated poor outcomes despite aggressive treatments. Despite multimodal treatment, local disease progression and local recurrence are common. Management of recurrent or progressive pancreatic carcinomas proves a further challenge. In patients previously treated with radiation therapy, stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) is a promising modality capable of delivering high dose to the tumor while limiting dose to critical structures. We aimed to determine the feasibility and tolerability of SBRT for recurrent or local pancreatic cancer in patients previously treated with external beam radiation therapy (EBRT).

Materials and methods: Patients treated with …

Structure Of Full-Length Human Trpm4, Jingjing Duan, Zongli Li, Jian Li, Ana Santa-Cruz, Silvia Sanchez-Martinez, Jin Zhang, David E. Clapham

Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry Faculty Publications

Transient receptor potential melastatin subfamily member 4 (TRPM4) is a widely distributed, calcium-activated, monovalent-selective cation channel. Mutations in human TRPM4 (hTRPM4) result in progressive familial heart block. Here, we report the electron cryomicroscopy structure of hTRPM4 in a closed, Na⁺-bound, apo state at pH 7.5 to an overall resolution of 3.7 Å. Five partially hydrated sodium ions are proposed to occupy the center of the conduction pore and the entrance to the coiled-coil domain. We identify an upper gate in the selectivity filter and a lower gate at the entrance to the cytoplasmic coiled-coil domain. Intramolecular interactions exist …

Human Body Composition And Immunity: Visceral Adipose Tissue Produces Il-15 And Muscle Strength Inversely Correlates With Nk Cell Function In Elderly Humans, Ahmad Al-Attar, Steven R. Presnell, Jody L. Clasey, Douglas E. Long, R. Grace Walton, Morgan Sexton, Marlene E. Starr, Philip A. Kern, Charlotte A. Peterson, Charles T. Lutz

Clinical and Translational Science Faculty Publications

Natural killer (NK) lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity and cytokine secretion control infections and cancers, but these crucial activities decline with age. NK cell development, homeostasis, and function require IL-15 and its chaperone, IL-15 receptor alpha (IL-15Rα). Macrophages and dendritic cells (DC) are major sources of these proteins. We had previously postulated that additional IL-15 and IL-15Rα is made by skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. These sources may be important in aging, when IL-15-producing immune cells decline. NK cells circulate through adipose tissue, where they may be exposed to local IL-15. The objectives of this work were to determine (1) if human muscle, …

Human Body Composition And Immunity: Visceral Adipose Tissue Produces Il-15 And Muscle Strength Inversely Correlates With Nk Cell Function In Elderly Humans, Ahmad Al-Attar, Steven R. Presnell, Jody L. Clasey, Douglas E. Long, R. Grace Walton, Morgan Sexton, Marlene E. Starr, Philip A. Kern, Charlotte A. Peterson, Charles T. Lutz

Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Faculty Publications

Natural killer (NK) lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity and cytokine secretion control infections and cancers, but these crucial activities decline with age. NK cell development, homeostasis, and function require IL-15 and its chaperone, IL-15 receptor alpha (IL-15Rα). Macrophages and dendritic cells (DC) are major sources of these proteins. We had previously postulated that additional IL-15 and IL-15Rα is made by skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. These sources may be important in aging, when IL-15-producing immune cells decline. NK cells circulate through adipose tissue, where they may be exposed to local IL-15. The objectives of this work were to determine (1) if human muscle, …

Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors In Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma: Current Status, Aman Chauhan, Susanne Arnold, Jill M. Kolesar, Hala Elnakat Thomas, B. Mark Evers, Lowell B. Anthony

Markey Cancer Center Faculty Publications

Introduction: Large cell neuroendocrine carcinomas (LCNEC) are a group of rare high grade neuroendocrine tumors that often behave clinically like small cell carcinoma (SCLC) and are treated as such. No major advancement in the management of these tumors has occurred in the last 30 years.

Methods: We present a case series of three cases from Markey Cancer center along with a review of 13 published cases in the literature wherein immune-checkpoint inhibitors were utilized in the management of LCNEC.

Results: Immune-checkpoint inhibitors might have clinical activity in LCNEC.

Conclusion: Role of immune-checkpoint inhibitors should be explored in prospective LCNEC clinical …

Recombinant Promoter (Muascsv8cp) Driven Totiviral Killer Protein 4 (Kp4) Imparts Resistance Against Fungal Pathogens In Transgenic Tobacco, Debasish Deb, Ankita Shrestha, Indu B. Maiti, Nrisingha Dey

Kentucky Tobacco Research and Development Center Faculty Publications

Development of disease-resistant plant varieties achieved by engineering anti-microbial transgenes under the control of strong promoters can suffice the inhibition of pathogen growth and simultaneously ensure enhanced crop production. For evaluating the prospect of such strong promoters, we comprehensively characterized the full-length transcript promoter of Cassava Vein Mosaic Virus (CsVMV; -565 to +166) and identified CsVMV8 (-215 to +166) as the highest expressing fragment in both transient and transgenic assays. Further, we designed a new chimeric promoter ‘MUASCsV8CP’ through inter-molecular hybridization among the upstream activation sequence (UAS) of Mirabilis Mosaic Virus (MMV; -297 to -38) and CsVMV8, as the core …

Protection Effect Of Exogenous Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 On The Kidney Injury In Vascular Calcification Rats, Yu-Chen Shi, Wei-Wei Lu, Yue-Long Hou, Kun Fu, Feng Gan, Shu-Juan Cheng, Shao-Ping Wang, Yong-Fen Qi, Jing-Hua Liu

Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences Faculty Publications

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is closely related to the cardiovascular events in vascular calcification (VC). However, little has known about the characteristics of kidney injury caused by VC. Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is an endocrine factor, which takes part in various metabolic actions with the potential to alleviate metabolic disorder diseases. Even FGF21 has been regarded as a biomarker in CKD, the role of FGF21 in CKD remains unclear. Therefore, in this study, we evaluate the FGF21 on the kidney injury in VC rats.

Methods: The male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups: (1) control group, (2) …

Mobilization Of Hematopoietic Stem Cells As A Result Of Innate Immunity-Mediated Sterile Inflammation In The Bone Marrow Microenvironment—The Involvement Of Extracellular Nucleotides And Purinergic Signaling, Mariusz Z. Ratajczak, Mateusz Adamiak, Monika Plonka, Ahmed Abdel-Latif, Janina Ratajczak

Internal Medicine Faculty Publications

Hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) circulate in peripheral blood (PB) under normal conditions and their number increases in response to stress, inflammation, tissue/organ injury, and may increase up to 100-fold after administration of mobilization-inducing drugs. Mounting evidence suggests that mobilizing agent-induced mobilization of HSPCs from bone marrow into PB is a result of innate immunity-mediated sterile inflammation in the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment. A critical initiating role in this process is played by tissue/organ injury-mediated or pharmacologically induced release from bone marrow-residing granulocytes and monocytes of (i) danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), (ii) reactive oxygen species (ROS), and (iii) proteolytic and lipolytic …

Editorial: Harm And Benefit Of Plant And Fungal Secondary Metabolites In Food Animal Production, Michael D. Flythe

Animal and Food Sciences Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

A Longitudinal Analysis Of The Impact Of Child Custody Loss On Drug Use And Crime Among A Sample Of African American Mothers, Kathi L. H. Harp, Carrie B. Oser

Health Management and Policy Faculty Publications

This study examines the influence of child custody loss on drug use and crime among a sample of African American mothers. Two types of custody loss are examined: informal custody loss (child living apart from mother but courts not involved), and official loss (child removed from mother’s care by authorities).

Methods—Using data from 339 African American women, longitudinal random coefficient models analyzed the effects of each type of custody loss on subsequent drug use and crime.

Results—Results indicated that both informal and official custody loss predicted increased drug use, and informal loss predicted increased criminal involvement. Findings demonstrate …

Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy Treatment Planning Of Thoracic Vertebral Metastases Using Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy, Matthew Mallory, Damodar Pokhrel, Rajeev Badkul, Hongyu Jiang, Christopher Lominska, Fen Wang

Radiation Medicine Faculty Publications

Purpose/Objectives: To retrospectively evaluate the plan quality, treatment efficiency, and accuracy of volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) plans for thoracic spine metastases using stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT).

Materials/Methods: Seven patients with thoracic vertebral metastases treated with noncoplanar hybrid arcs (NCHA) (1 to 2 3D-conformal partial arcs +7 to 9 IMRT beams) were re-optimized with VMAT plans using three coplanar arcs. Tumors were located between T2 and T7 and PTVs ranged between 24.3 and 240.1 cc (median 48.1 cc). All prescriptions were 30 Gy in 5 fractions with 6 MV beams treated using the Novalis Tx linac equipped with high definition …

The Role Of The Leukemia Inhibitory Factor Receptor In Neuroprotective Signaling, Stephanie M. Davis, Keith R. Pennypacker

Center for Advanced Translational Stroke Science Faculty Publications

Several neurotropic cytokines relay their signaling through the leukemia inhibitory factor receptor. This 190kDa subunit couples with the 130kDa gp130 subunit to transduce intracellular signaling in neurons and oligodendrocytes that leads to expression of genes associated with neurosurvival. Moreover, activation of this receptor alters the phenotype of immune cells to an anti-inflammatory one. Although cytokines that activate the leukemia inhibitory factor receptor have been studied in the context of neurodegenerative disease, therapeutic targeting of the specific receptor subunit has been understudied in by comparison. This review examines the role of this receptor in the CNS and immune system, and its …

The Role Of Human Dopamine Transporter In Neuroaids, Jun Zhu, Subramaniam Ananthan, Chang-Guo Zhan

Molecular Modeling and Biopharmaceutical Center Faculty Publications

HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) remains highly prevalent in HIV infected individuals and represents a special group of neuropathological disorders, which are associated with HIV-1 viral proteins, such as transactivator of transcription (Tat) protein. Cocaine abuse increases the incidence of HAND and exacerbates its severity by enhancing viral replication. Perturbation of dopaminergic transmission has been implicated as a risk factor of HAND. The presynaptic dopamine (DA) transporter (DAT) is essential for DA homeostasis and dopaminergic modulation of the brain function including cognition. Tat and cocaine synergistically elevate synaptic DA levels by acting directly on human DAT (hDAT), ultimately leading to dysregulation …

Comparative Analysis Of Microbial Sensing Molecules In Mucosal Tissues With Aging, Octavio A. Gonzalez, Sreenatha S. Kirakodu, Michael John Novak, A. J. Stromberg, L. Orraca, J. Gonzalez-Martinez, A. Burgos, Jeffrey L. Ebersole

Center for Oral Health Research Faculty Publications

Host-bacterial interactions at mucosal surfaces require recognition of the bacteria by host cells enabling targeted responses to maintain tissue homeostasis. It is now well recognized that an array of host-derived pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), both cell-bound and soluble, are critical to innate immune engagement of microbes via microbial-associated molecular patterns (MAMP). This report describes the use of a nonhuman primate model to evaluate changes in the expression of these sensing molecules related to aging in healthy gingival tissues. Macaca mulatta aged 3-24 years were evaluated clinically and gingival tissues obtained, RNA isolated and microarray analysis conducted for gene expression of …

Demographic, Presentation, And Treatment Factors And Racial Disparities In Ovarian Cancer Hospitalization Outcomes, Tomi F. Akinyemiju, Gurudatta Naik, Kemi Ogunsina, Daniel T. Dibaba, Neomi Vin-Raviv

Epidemiology and Environmental Health Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: This study examines whether racial disparities in hospitalization outcomes persist between African-American and White women with ovarian cancer after matching on demographic, presentation, and treatment factors.

METHODS: Using data from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample database, 5,164 African-American ovarian cancer patients were sequentially matched with White patients on demographic (e.g., age, income), presentation (e.g., stage, comorbidities), and treatment (e.g., surgery, radiation) factors. Racial differences in-hospital length of stay, post-operative complications, and in-hospital mortality were evaluated using conditional logistic regression models.

RESULTS: White ovarian cancer patients had relatively higher odds of post-operative complications when matched on demographics (OR 1.35, 95% CI …

Outcome Of Patients With Small Vessel Vasculitis After Renal Transplantation: National Database Analysis, Amr El-Husseini, Sherif Saleh, Omer Hamad, Xiaonan Mei, Ana L. Castellanos, Daniel L. Davenport, Roberto Gedaly, B. Peter Sawaya

Internal Medicine Faculty Publications

Background. Small vessel vasculitis commonly affects the kidney and can progress to end-stage renal disease. The goal of this study is to compare outcomes of patients who received a renal transplant as a result of small vessel vasculitis (group A) with those who received kidney transplants because of other causes (group B). Methods. This is a retrospective analysis of United Network for Organ Sharing registry data for adult primary kidney transplants from January 2000 to December 2014. Group A patients (N = 2196) were compared with a group B (N = 6588); groups were case matched for age, race, sex, …

Bmilf And I-Motif Structure Are Involved In Transcriptional Regulation Of Bmpoum2 In Bombyx Mori, Kangkang Niu, Xiaojuan Zhang, Huimin Deng, Feng Wu, Yandong Ren, Hui Xiang, Sichun Zheng, Lin Liu, Lihua Huang, Baojuan Zeng, Sheng Li, Qingyou Xia, Qisheng Song, Subba R. Palli, Qili Feng

Entomology Faculty Publications

Guanine-rich and cytosine-rich DNA can form four-stranded DNA secondary structures called G-quadruplex (G4) and i-motif, respectively. These structures widely exist in genomes and play important roles in transcription, replication, translation and protection of telomeres. In this study, G4 and i-motif structures were identified in the promoter of the transcription factor gene BmPOUM2, which regulates the expression of the wing disc cuticle protein gene (BmWCP4) during metamorphosis. Disruption of the i-motif structure by base mutation, anti-sense oligonucleotides (ASOs) or inhibitory ligands resulted in significant decrease in the activity of the BmPOUM2 promoter. A novel i-motif binding protein (BmILF) …

Mobilization And Role Of Starch, Protein, And Fat Reserves During Seed Germination Of Six Wild Grassland Species, Ming Zhao, Hongxiang Zhang, Hong Yan, Lu Qiu, Carol C. Baskin

Biology Faculty Publications

Since seed reserves can influence seed germination, the quantitative and qualitative differences in seed reserves may relate to the germination characteristics of species. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the correlation between germination and seed reserves, as well as their mobilization during germination of six grassland species (Chloris virgata, Kochia scoparia, Lespedeza hedysaroides, Astragalus adsurgens, Leonurus artemisia, and Dracocephalum moldavica) and compare the results with domesticated species. We measured starch, protein, and fat content in dry seeds and the initial absorption of water during imbibition. Starch, soluble protein, fat, and soluble …