Digital Commons Network^™

Dairy Waste Utilization Management Tool, José R. Bicudo, Anshu Singh

Agricultural Engineering Extension Publications

Quick tests enabling rapid, on‑farm assessment of manure nutrient content can significantly enhance manure management practices. Rapid or quick tests are less accurate than standard laboratory analyses but can be useful as a manure utilization tool.

Alfalfa Hay For Horses, Robert Coleman

Kentucky Alfalfa and Stored Forage Conference

Horses are designed to eat forage and quality forage is the basis for the feeding programs of all classes of horse. However, when one considers hay as that basic forage, what criteria are used to describe quality horse hay? In general terms, quality horse hay should supply needed nutrients, be palatable and should be free of anything harmful to the horse.

How The Alfalfa Plant Grows: Impact On Management, S. Ray Smith

Kentucky Alfalfa and Stored Forage Conference

Alfalfa is the premier forage crop with high yield, high forage quality, season long productivity, drought tolerance, and extended stand life. Alfalfa requires intensive management to insure that yield, quality, and stand life are maximized. It should be planted on deep, well drained soils and maintained with optimal fertilizer inputs. It also requires adequate rest periods between cutting for hay or grazing. Alfalfa can be prone to significant insect damage and stands may require insecticide treatments. There are many details to successfully managing an alfalfa stand, but if you understand how the plant grows then you will better understand the …

Forage Quality: What Is It? What Can We Do About It? And, Will It Pay?, Garry D. Lacefield

Forage Symposium at the Kentucky Cattlemen’s Convention

Profitable livestock production almost always requires a forage program that will supply large quantities of adequate quality, homegrown feed. A major percentage of the feed units for beef (83%) and dairy cattle (61%) come from forages. In addition, forages supply an estimated 91%, 72%, 15% and 99% of the nutrients consumed by sheep and goats, horses, swine, and wildlife, respectively.

Matching Pasture To Animal Needs, S. Ray Smith

Forage Symposium at the Kentucky Cattlemen’s Convention

Cattle have a wide range of nutrient requirements depending on maturity, weight, growth potential, pregnancy, milk production, desired daily production, and other factors.

How I Produce, Manage And Market Forages, Bill Payne

Forage Symposium at the Kentucky Cattlemen’s Convention

I would like to amend the title to: “How I Produce, Manage and Market Forages, Profitably.” My experience has led me to believe that keeping things simple has allowed me to focus better and that has led to profitability. This has led me to make every effort to reduce my reliance on machinery and to allow the cows to do the work. I focus on maximizing forage utilization and minimizing the number of days of feeding stored feeds.

2007 Kentucky River Watershed Watch Sampling Results Summary Report, Malissa Mcalister, Lindell Ormsbee

Kentucky River Watershed Watch

No abstract provided.

Service Coordinators Use Of Routines To Develop Early Intervention Outomes: A Study Of Kentuckys Ifsps, Julie Harp Rutland

University of Kentucky Master's Theses

Current legislation and recommended practice have a primary focus on Early Intervention that meets the priorities set forth by families with children who have disabilities. Many theories and current research emphasize the importance of delivering services in a way that supports families to enhance the development of their children through models that reflect the recommendations. Although there are multiple contributions to what is recommended for family-centered philosophy and practice, one single document, the IFSP, guides the delivery of services.Using the content of 91 IFSPs from the state of Kentucky, 8 indicators were analyzed along with service coordinator demographics. This tool …

Human Health Risk Assessment For Aluminium, Aluminium Oxide, And Aluminium Hydroxide, Daniel Krewski, Robert A. Yokel, Evert Nieboer, David Borchelt, Joshua Cohen, Jean Harry, Sam Kacew, Joan Lindsay, Amal M. Mahfouz, Virginie Rondeau

Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty Publications

A compendium is provided of aluminium compounds used in industrial settings, and as pharmaceuticals, food additives, cosmetics and as other household products. Most aluminium compounds are solids exhibiting high melting points. The solubility of aluminium salts is governed by pH, because the aluminium(III)-cation (Al³⁺) has a strong affinity for the hydroxide ion, which promotes precipitation. Like Mg²⁺ and Ca²⁺ ions, Al³⁺ in most situations seeks out complexing agents with oxygen-atom donor sites such as carboxylate and phosphate groups, including in biological systems. Aluminium oxides, hydroxides and oxyhydroxides occur in numerous crystallographic forms, which exhibit different …

The Solution To The Economic Loss Doctrine Confusion: The Disappointed Expectations Test, Mackenzie Mayes Walter

Kentucky Law Journal

No abstract provided.

Xenobiotic Transporters In Lactating Mammary Epithelial Cells: Predictions For Drug Accumulation In Breast Milk, Philip Earle Empey

Theses and Dissertations--Pharmacy

Recent literature has established that breast cancer resistance protein (ABCG2) is upregulated during lactation and is responsible for the greater than predicted accumulation of many drugs in breast milk. The objectives of this project were (1) to investigate the role of this transporter in the reported apically-directed nitrofurantoin flux in the CIT3 cell culture model of lactation, (2) to develop a mathematical model for drug transfer into breast milk to relate initial flux rates, steady-state concentrations, efflux ratios, and in vivo milk to serum ratios (M/S) and (3) to identify xenobiotic transporters that are highly expressed, and therefore potentially important …

Evaluating If The Built Environment Has A Substantial Effect On Obesity In Fayette County, Kentucky, Will Warren

MPA/MPP/MPFM Capstone Projects

Background:

Obesity is a major health issue in the United States and Fayette County. As Fayette County has become increasingly obese, it too has had an issue of sprawl within its urban service area and beyond. Relationships between obesity and aspects of the built environment are continuing to be studied.

Objective:

To evaluate the impact certain factors may have on the body mass index of Fayette County residents, in particular whether urban sprawl has an overriding impact on the weight of residents.

Methods:

The study area used was Fayette County, which was broken down into its fourteen zip code areas …

Influences Of Chromium (Iii) Picolinate On Pigs Under Thermal, Immune Or Dietary Stress, And On Adrenal Steroid Secretion, Beob Gyun Kim

University of Kentucky Doctoral Dissertations

The objectives were to investigate the effects of chromium (III) picolinate (CrPic; up to 2,000 ppb of Cr) on growing pigs subjected to a variety of stressors including thermal, immune, or dietary stress and to examine the effects of CrPic on steroidogenesis from adrenocortical cells. In the thermal stress study, high ambient temperature caused reduced weight gain and feed consumption (P andlt; 0.01), and low ambient temperature caused increased feed intake and feed:gain (P andlt; 0.01). However, these effects were not moderated by CrPic, and respiratory rate, plasma cortisol, or plasma glucose were unaffected by CrPic. In the immune stress …

Trophic Interactions Between Two Herbivorous Insects, Galerucella Calmariensis And Myzus Lythri, Feeding On Purple Loosestrife, Lythrum Salicaria, And Two Insect Predators, Harmonia Axyridis And Chrysoperla Carnea, Bethzayda Matos, John J. Obrycki

Entomology Faculty Publications

The effects of two herbivorous insects, Galerucella calmariensis Duftschmid and Myzus lythri L. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), feeding on purple loosestrife, Lythrum salicaria L. (Myrtiflorae: Lythraceae), were measured in the presence of two insect predators, Harmonia axyridis Pallas (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) and Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae). A greenhouse cage experiment examined the direct effects of these predators on these herbivores, and indirect effects of predation on aboveground biomass, defoliation, number of leaves, and internode length. Eight treatment combinations with G. calmariensis, M. lythri, H. axyridis and C. carnea were applied to caged L. salicaria. The experiment ended …

Senate Bill (Sb) 172: Governance Of Nutrition In Kentucky Public Schools: Implementation Analysis Final Report, Bill Brumbach

MPA/MPP/MPFM Capstone Projects

This report is intended to evaluate the implementation of Senate Bill (SB) 172 in Kentucky's public schools. This law requires that all schools in Kentucky implement strict nutrition standards that apply to all foods sold during the school day. This report highlights the different methods used by selected schools in implementing the requirements in SB 172. In performing my analysis, I traveled to different schools in central and southeastern Kentucky to assess how these select schools were meeting the requirements of the law. Site visits allowed me to discuss implementation strategies with school administrators and aided in my understanding of …

Public Provision Of Service For The Elderly: An Empirical Analysis Of County-Level Senior Service Property Tax Levies, Brigitte Blom Ramsey

MPA/MPP/MPFM Capstone Projects

Last year the baby boom generation began turning 60. Consequently, the number of senior citizens is expected to double by the year 2030. On average, a person reaching the age of 60 can expect to live an additional 22 years. (NCHS, 2003) Along with increased life expectancy comes a greater probability for chronic illness, physical impairment and loss of independence. Of those 85 and older, 55% will need some type of long-term care or personal assistance. (CBO, 2004)

A recent collaborative study, “The Maturing of America: Getting Communities on Track for an Aging Population”, notes that less than half of …

Pet Ownership To Weight Status: A Path Analysis, Elizabeth Kingsley Casey

University of Kentucky Master's Theses

Research suggests that a multidimensional approach to obesity that addresses physiological, psychological, social, and environmental factors is optimal. Stress and self-esteem, as well as eating and exercise behaviors have been named as important factors in obesity. Curiously, although pets have been shown to reduce stress and are associated with higher self-esteem and cardiovascular health, the relationship between pet ownership and weight status has not been explored. A path analysis of the direct and indirect effects of pet ownership on stress, self-esteem, physical activity, eating behavior, and Body Mass Index failed to reveal a clear path linking pet ownership to weight …

Cutting Propagation And Container Production Of Rudy Haag Burning Bush [Euonymus Alatus Rudy Haag], Amy Lynn Poston

University of Kentucky Master's Theses

Softwood cuttings of Euonymus alatus and the cultivar Rudy Haag, a nearly seedless cultivar, were taken in Kentucky on two cutting dates. E. alatus Rudy Haag cuttings taken in mid-May, untreated or treated with 1000 - 3000 ppm IBA, produced many roots on a high percentage of cuttings. Post-rooting shoot growth was reduced for the species with cuttings taken in June. Rudy Haag produced new growth on cuttings taken in May with no IBA treatment. Transplanting resulted in a decrease in new growth. Liner plants of E. alatus Compactus and Rudy Haag were planted into 1 and 3 gallon containers …

Projecting The Results Of State Smoking Ban Initiatives Using Cartographic Analysis, Donna Arlene Gilbreath

University of Kentucky Master's Theses

Because tobacco smoking causes 430,000 U.S. deaths annually, wide-reaching smoking bans are needed. Bans reduce cigarette consumption, encourage cessation, protect nonsmokers from second-hand smoke, and promote an attitude that smoking is undesirable. Therefore, bans may prevent future generations from suffering many smoking-related health problems. The federal government has not implemented widereaching smoking bans so it falls on individual states, counties, or communities to devise appropriate smoking policy. To date, smoking policy has been determined by legislators, who may have conflicts that prevent them from acting in the publics best interest. However, this method of implementing smoking policy may be changing. …

Hair Coat And Steroidal Implant Effects On Steers Grazing Ndophyte-Infected Tall Fescue During The Summer, Linda Kay Mcclanahan

University of Kentucky Master's Theses

Sixty steers were grazed on toxic tall fescue for 104 days to determine the effects of hair coats and steroidal ear implants on physiological measurements. Steers were stratified by body weight and hair coat color for assignment to six, 3.0-ha pastures of 'Kentucky 31' tall fescue. Main plot treatments of either ten clipped or ten unclipped steers were randomly assigned to pastures. Five steers in each pasture were implanted with Synovex-S (200 mg progesterone-20 mg estradiol) and five were implanted with Compudose (25 mg estradiol) as sub-plot treatments. Hair growth rate averaged 0.29 mm/day. Sweating rate declined (P andlt; 0.001) …

P53 And Reactive Oxygen Species: A Convoluted Story, Bin Liu

University of Kentucky Master's Theses

The tumor suppressor p53 has a close relation with reactive oxygen species (ROS). As an indispensable component of the cellular redox system, ROS not only have been established to be involved in p53-dependent apoptosis, but also regulate p53 activity. Recent studies revealed several novel actions of p53, such as transactivation of antioxidative proteins, mitochondria translocation and inhibition of glycolysis. The fate of cells where p53 signaling pathways are initiated is either survival or death. In this review, we examine the hypothesis that ROS regulate cell fate through p53, in a way that physiological ROS levels trigger the protective pathways, while …

Ripening And Postharvest Management Of Pawpaw Fruit, Federica Galli

University of Kentucky Doctoral Dissertations

Pawpaw (Asimina triloba (L.) Dunal) has significant potential as a new fruit crop. During ripening, loss of firmness is extremely rapid, and this trait may be the biggest obstacle to the development of a broader market as handling without injury is difficult. Cold storage of pawpaw seems limited to 4 weeks at 4 C. A study of several cultivars with commercial appeal showed that ripening traits such as ethylene production, respiration and loss of firmness were similar in all genotypes, and that no cultivar showed superior responses to cold storage. Cold storage for longer than 4 weeks caused the development …

Focus Groups On Consumer Attitudes On Food Safety Educational Materials In Kentucky, Holly Holbrook Coleman

University of Kentucky Master's Theses

Four focus groups were conducted in Kentucky to evaluate differences in the participants knowledge of safe food handling practices, where they obtained their knowledge, which source(s) they trusted to provide accurate food safety messages and the effectiveness of messages from three different sources. The sources of food safety messages compared by the focus groups were the Partnership for Food Safety Educations FightBAC! material, food safety materials developed by the American Dietetic Association and funded by ConAgra Foundation and food safety materials developed by the University of Kentucky. Each focus group represented a specific population, (A) limited resource parents (Louisville); (B) …

Prevention Of Hormonal Mammary Carcinogenesis In Rats By Dietary Berries And Ellagic Acid, Harini Sankaran Aiyer

University of Kentucky Doctoral Dissertations

Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer among women around the world. The hormone 17-estradiol (E2) is strongly implicated as a causative agent in this cancer. Since estrogen acts as a complete carcinogen, agents that interfere with the carcinogenic actions of E2 are required. Most agents effective against experimental mammary carcinogenesis have been employed as pure compounds disregarding the synergy that exists between several phytonutrients in a whole food. In these studies we have taken a unified approach, by employing a pure phytonutrient ellagic acid and whole foods that contain the phytonutrient at various levels berries, in the prevention …

Characterization Of Polyphenol Oxidase And Antioxidants From Pawpaw (Asimina Tribola) Fruit, Caodi Fang

University of Kentucky Master's Theses

The latest generation of fighter aircraft utilizes a 270Vdc power system [1]. Such high voltage DC power systems are difficult to protect with conventional circuit breakers because the current does not automatically go to zero twice per cycle during a fault like it does in an AC power system and thus arcing of the contacts is a problem. Solid state power controllers (SSPCs) are the solid state equivalent of a circuit breaker that do not arc and which can respond more rapidly to a fault than a mechanical breaker [2]. Present SSPCs are limited to lower voltages and currents by …

Drug Milk To Serum Ratio Prediction And Ontogeny Of Cyp3a Clearance Pathway As A Model Of Drug Exposure In The Developing Rat, Maggie Magdi Abbassi

University of Kentucky Doctoral Dissertations

Transfer of drugs into milk and the clearance of drugs in neonates are critical determinants of the exposure of infants to drugs in breast milk. Models predicting both parameters have been proposed. The objective of this dissertation is to test two models predicting milk to serum ratio and an ontogeny clearance model predicting clearance in the neonate. Predicted milk to serum ratio (M/S) values were generated according to the Atkinson and Begg model. The model did not adequately predict M/S when comparing the predicted values to observed values in the literature. The Fleishaker model was also tested. The model was …

Essays In Health Economics, Rachel Pauline Lange

University of Kentucky Doctoral Dissertations

Health and health care are dominant economic and political issues in the United States and many other countries. This dissertation contains two essays addressing different subjects within the field of health economics. The first essay is labor market oriented: An Economic Analysis of the Effects of Obesity on Wages. It examines the effects of overweight and obesity on the wages of men and women. The second essay, An Economic Analysis of the Impact on Health Care of Certain Medicare Provisions of the Balanced Budget Act of 1997 examines changes in the treatment of Medicare patients in light of reimbursement changes …

Tracing The Origin Of The Recent Rise In Neuropathogenic Ehv-1, Kathryn Laura Smith

University of Kentucky Master's Theses

Equine herpesvirus type-1(EHV-1) is a complex virus known for inducing various forms of disease in horses. In recent years, the number of cases of neurological disease caused by this virus has increased. While there are a number of possible sources for this recent surge, this project set out to determine if a genotypic shift in the latent population of the virus in favor of the neuropathogenic form of EHV-1 is the basis for the recent increase in frequency of EHV-1 neurologic disease. To ascertain if such a shift has in fact occurred, 450 EHV-1 isolates were obtained from fetal tissues …

Identification And Characterization Of Proteins That Interact With Agamous-Like 15 (Agl15), A Mads-Domain Transcription Factor That Preferentially Accumulates In The Plant Embryo, Kristine Hill

University of Kentucky Doctoral Dissertations

AGAMOUS-Like 15 (AGL15) encodes a MADS-domain transcription factor that is preferentially expressed in the plant embryo, and may function as a regulator in embryonic developmental programs. A number of direct downstream targets of AGL15 have been identified, and while some of these target genes are induced in response to AGL15, others are repressed. Additionally, direct target genes have been analyzed that exhibit strong association with AGL15 in vivo, yet in vitro, AGL15 binds only weakly. Taken together these data suggest that AGL15 may form heterodimers, or ternary complexes with other proteins, thus modulating the specificity and function of AGL15 in …

Modulation Of Endothelial Cell Activation By Omega-6 And Omega-3 Fatty Acids, Lei Wang

University of Kentucky Doctoral Dissertations

Endothelial activation is considered to be an early and critical event in the pathology of atherogenesis which can be modified by environmental factors such as diet, pollutants, and lifestyle habits. Dietary andamp;ugrave;-6 and andamp;ugrave;-3 fatty acids have been reported to either amplify or diminish inflammatory responses related to atherosclerosis development. However, the interactions of andamp;ugrave;-6 and andamp;ugrave;-3 fatty acids with inflammatory cytokines or organic pollutants on endothelial cell activation are not well understood. The studies presented in this dissertation tested the hypothesis that andamp;ugrave;-6 and andamp;ugrave;-3 fatty acids alone, or in varying ratios can differently modulate pro-atherogenic mediators and inflammatory …