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An Ipm Scouting Guide For Common Problems Of Legume Vegetables In Kentucky, Nicole Ward Gauthier, Ricardo Bessin, Shubin Saha, Shawn Wright, Cheryl A. Kaiser

Agriculture and Natural Resources Publications

Long before the term “sustainable” became a household word, farmers were implementing sustainable practices in the form of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) strategies. IPM uses a combination of biological, cultural, physical, and chemical methods to reduce and/or manage pest populations. These strategies are used to minimize environmental risks, economic costs, and health hazards. Pests are “managed” (but rarely eliminated entirely) to reduce their negative impact on the crop.

Scouting and monitoring diseases, insects, weeds, and abiotic disorders in order to identify potential problems before they result in serious losses is essential to the IPM approach. Proper identification is essential to …

Table Of Contents For Volume 7, Issue 2, Kentucky Journal Of Equine, Agriculture, & Natural Resources Law

Kentucky Journal of Equine, Agriculture, & Natural Resources Law

No abstract provided.

A Practitioner's Guide To Defending "Natural" Food Labeling Litigation, Lauren E. Handel

Kentucky Journal of Equine, Agriculture, & Natural Resources Law

No abstract provided.

Snap To Healthier Eating: A Comprehensive Look Into How The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (Snap) Can Reduce Health Care Costs, Rictrell L. Pirtle

Kentucky Journal of Equine, Agriculture, & Natural Resources Law

No abstract provided.

Mad Cow Disease: Is There An App For That?, Sara Gonzalez-Rothi Kronenthal

Kentucky Journal of Equine, Agriculture, & Natural Resources Law

No abstract provided.

The Perceptions, Knowledge, Benefits And Barriers Of Hispanics Regarding The Dietary Guidelines For Americans, Luisyana De Amor Gamboa

Theses and Dissertations--Nutrition and Food Systems

Background: Hispanics are the largest minority group in the U.S. and by the year 2060 the number of Hispanics is projected to double. They are disproportionately affected by obesity and chronic diseases which translate into decreased quality of life, loss of work opportunities and perceptions of injustice for the Hispanic population. The Dietary Guidelines (DG) provide information to help Americans make healthy food and physical activity choices and if followed can be a means of reducing the health disparity gap. However, culturally relevant recommendations specific to Hispanics’ health and nutritional habits are often lacking. The purpose of this study was …

Comparing Must And The Nri Tools In The Identification Of Malnutrition In Heart Failure Patients, Cassondra D. Degener

DNP Projects

The purpose of this project was to test the performance of albumin, NRI and MUST screening tools in comparison to the standardized measure of prealbumin among HF patients admitted to the University of Kentucky Chandler Medical Center. Inclusion criteria included all HF patients with the 428 diagnostic code, admitted from January 1, - December 31, 2013, ages 18 and older, with all laboratory values available specified in the data collection tool (Appendix A). A retrospective electronic medical record (EMR) review was performed for 100 patients who met the inclusion criteria. All data were collected through the University of Kentucky’s secure …

Sustainable Disposal Of Coal Processing Waste Streams, Mohammad Rezaee

Theses and Dissertations--Mining Engineering

Modern coal preparation facilities incorporate a wide array of solid-solid and solid-liquid separation processes for rejecting mineral matter to meet market specifications. The coarse mineral matter is typically placed into engineered refuse piles whereas the fine refuse is either stored in impoundments or co-disposed with the coarse refuse. The discharge water from the refuse material represents an environmental concern due to the potential release of trace elements, and the subsequent elevation of total dissolved solids and conductivity. The research findings reported in this dissertation addresses sustainable coal processing waste disposal through using strategies aimed at minimizing the environmental impacts. To …

Taking Physicians Out Of The Straitjacket: Defending Physician Free Speech Rights By Defining The "Truthful And Nonmisleading" Standard, Kathryn E. Meyer

Kentucky Law Journal

No abstract provided.

Summary Of The Kentucky River Watershed Watch 2015 Water Sampling Results, Kentucky Water Resources Research Institute

Kentucky River Watershed Watch

No abstract provided.

Adolescent Perceptions Of Nutrition: Identifying Memorable Messages, Audrey S. Bachman

Theses and Dissertations--Communication

Research is necessary to uncover ways to improve adolescent nutrition and reduce obesity rates, particularly in the Appalachian region, which has high rates of food insecurity and adolescent obesity. The current study examines rural cultural norms about food, memorable messages adolescents received about nutrition, and the sources of identified memorable messages. Adolescents shared memorable messages during comprehensive, semi-structured, small group interviews in which participants revealed their individual experiences. Thematic framework analysis is used to present the range and nature of memorable messages about nutrition and to develop strategies for future health campaigns and interventions. This qualitative method of sequential inductive …

Evaluation Of L-Methionine Bioavailability In Nursery Pigs, Jina Lim

Theses and Dissertations--Animal and Food Sciences

DL-Methionine (Met) has been conventionally used in swine diets with assumption of similar bioefficacy with L-Met. However, because L-Met is the form that is utilized by animals for protein synthesis, L-Met could, theoretically, be more available. Four experiments were conducted to evaluate L-Met bioavailability in nursery pigs with 21-day growth trials. A total of 105,105,112 and 84 crossbred pigs were used in Exp. 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively. Each experiment had a low Met basal diet and 3 levels of the Met sources (DL-Met and L-Met). In addition to the basal diet, supplementation levels were 0.053%, 0.107% and 0.160% …

Anti-Cancer Activity Of Withaferin A In B-Cell Lymphoma., M K Mckenna, B W Gachuki, S S Alhakeem, K N Oben, V M Rangnekar, R C Gupta, Subbarao Bondada

Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics Faculty Publications

Withaferin A (WA), a withanolide from the plant, Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) used in Ayurvedic medicine, has been found to be valuable in the treatment of several medical ailments. WA has been found to have anticancer activity against various solid tumors, but its effects on hematological malignancies have not been studied in detail. WA strongly inhibited the survival of several human and murine B cell lymphoma cell lines. Additionally, in vivo studies with syngeneic-graft lymphoma cells suggest that WA inhibits the growth of tumor but does not affect other proliferative tissues. We demonstrate that WA inhibits the efficiency of NF-κB nuclear …

Relationships Between Behavioral Measures And Productivity In Growing Beef Cattle, Kelsey Bruno

Theses and Dissertations--Animal and Food Sciences

The relationships between behavioral measures, growth performance, and immunocompetence in receiving beef steers were explored in three experiments. Specifically, exit velocity (EV) and objective chute score (OCS) were examined as temperament measures. In experiment 1, no main effects or interactions with degradable intake protein (DIP) or interactions between temperament measures were observed (P ≥ 0.11); however, high OCS steers had greater intake and gain:feed (P < 0.10) and slow EV steers had higher intake and gain (P < 0.10) than their counterparts. In experiment 2, during week two of social observations, dominance hierarchy rankings were dependent on OCS and EV (P < 0.05); slow EV steers also had increased antibody responses and gain (P < 0.10) and high OCS steers had increased gain (P < 0.10). In experiment 3, subjective chute scores and OCS were positively correlated (P < 0.01) and both EV and OCS treatments changed over time (P < 0.10); intake, vaccine titer response, and gain:feed responses to monensin were dependent on OCS treatment (P < 0.10). The studies suggest that temperament, measured by EV and OCS, affects growth performance and health related measures and is related to social dominance behavior in receiving beef steers.

An Evaluation Of Precision Dairy Farming Technology Adoption, Perception, Effectiveness, And Use, Matthew Richard Borchers

Theses and Dissertations--Animal and Food Sciences

Precision dairy farming technologies provide a variety of functions to dairy farmers. Little is known about dairy producer perception of these technologies. A study was performed to understand dairy producer perception of parameters monitored by precision dairy farming technologies. Calving has potential to be predicted using these same parameters and technologies. A second study was performed using two commercially marketed technologies in calving prediction. In order for these technologies to generate accurate and useful information for dairy farm use, they must accurately quantify these parameters. The final study evaluated the accuracy of five commercially marketed technologies in monitoring feeding, rumination, …

Effects Of Post-Hatch Holding Time And Early Nutrition Strategies On Growth Performance, Carcass And Skeletal Characteristics Of Young Chickens, Marquisha A. Paul

Theses and Dissertations--Animal and Food Sciences

The study objectives of this thesis were to evaluate the effects of delayed feeding and specific aspects of the Programmed Nutrition (PN) feeding strategy (Alltech, Inc.) on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and skeletal characteristics of commercial broiler chicks through market age, as well as investigate the effects of breed and the PN feeding strategy on early growth and development. When commercial broiler chicks were fed reduced nutrient diets, delayed feeding decreased early growth performance and carcass yield (P<0.05), whereas post-hatch PN conditioning for 72 hours improved early growth performance and alleviated the negative effects of delayed feeding on carcass yield (P<0.05). Through market age, delayed feeding improved Gain: Feed (P<0.05), while PN had the opposite effect. Interactive effects and main effects of delayed feeding and PN were observed for tissue mineral concentration (P<0.05). PN lowered bone ash % (P<0.05) and increased meat oxidation of broiler chicks during storage (P<0.05). PN also had negative effects on early growth performance and bone breaking strength (P<0.05) of various meat-type breeds, but especially for non-commercial, moderate-growing or fast-growing breeds. In conclusion, PN may be suitable for commercial broiler chicks that experience delayed feeding and are fed reduced nutrient diets.

Algae Or Yeast Supplementation For Lactating Dairy Cows, Maegan E. Weatherly

Theses and Dissertations--Animal and Food Sciences

The objective of the first study was to quantify the effects of feeding Schizochytrium sp. microalgae (SP-1, Alltech, Inc., Nicholasville, KY) on milk fat and DHA content. Eight cows were fed: 0, 100, 300, or 600 g of algae per day. Fat percentage was greater (P < 0.05) for cows on treatments 0 g and 100 g than for cows on treatments 300 g and 600 g (P < 0.05). Docosahexaenoic acid in milk was greater for cows on treatment 300 and 600 than for cows on treatment 0 and 100 (P < 0.05).

The objective of the second study was to assess yeast supplementation effects on high and low forage dairy cow diets. Four cows were assigned to 1 of 4 treatments: 1) low forage (LF), 2) low forage with 10 g/d yeast (Yea-Sacc®; Alltech Inc., Nicholasville, KY; LFY), 3) high …

Using The Indicator Amino Acid Oxidation Technique To Study Threonine Requirements In Horses Fed Different Feed Compositions, Chanhee Mok

Theses and Dissertations--Animal and Food Sciences

Threonine has been reported to be the second limiting amino acid in typical equine diets, but its actual requirement has not been determined in horses. The indicator amino acid oxidation (IAAO) method has been successfully used for evaluating amino acid metabolism and requirements in animals and humans. The objective of this research was to use the IAAO method to estimate threonine requirements in mature horses fed two different feed compositions. In the first study, 6 Thoroughbred mares (4 – 16 years old) received each of 6 levels of threonine intake in a high concentrate diet, in a randomly determined order. …

Impact Of Starch Source On Equine Hindgut Microbial Ecology, Brittany Elizabeth Davis Harlow

Theses and Dissertations--Animal and Food Sciences

Grain inclusion in equine diets can allow starch to reach the hindgut where bacteria compete for the substrate. The hypothesis was that starch introduction would cause a source-dependent press disturbance in equine fecal microflora. Fecal cell suspensions were prepared by differential centrifugation and re-suspension in media with ground corn, oats or wheat. At 24 h, corn had more amylolytics and Group D Gram-positive cocci (GPC), and fewer lactate-utilizing (LU) bacteria and lactobacilli than oats, with wheat being intermediate. Predominant amylolytics were identified by their 16S RNA gene sequence as Enterococcus faecalis (corn, wheat) and Streptococcus bovis (oats). In an in …

Fruit And Vegetable Consumption Of Division I Collegiate Football And Volleyball Players Pre- And Post-Deregulation Of Snacks By The Ncaa, Emily Ludwig

Theses and Dissertations--Nutrition and Food Systems

The deregulation of snacks by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) permits institutions to provide enhanced snacks incidental to participation. Athletes may now have the opportunity to improve their diet quality. The purpose of this research was to assess the consumption of fruits and vegetables as well as body composition of Division I collegiate athletes. The sample included 19 American football players and 8 volleyball players. Paired t-tests were performed to compare fruit intake, vegetable intake, and body fat percentage pre- and post-deregulation of snacks. Linear regression models were used to determine correlations between change in fruit intake and change …

The Effect Of Training And Nutrition On The Body Composition Of College Football Players, Lindsey Marie Goderwis

Theses and Dissertations--Nutrition and Food Systems

The body size of American football players has changed over time. The known health implications of overweight and obesity make it important for football players to understand how to increase size without increasing body fat. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of an increased emphasis on training and nutrition on the body composition of college football players. The sample included 68 football players. Paired t-tests were performed to compare percent fat and body mass index (BMI) at three points in time, all of which were during the off-season. A significant decrease in percent fat and BMI …

Servsafe® Exam: Student's Memory Retention Two Years Later, Laura E. Tincher

Theses and Dissertations--Nutrition and Food Systems

This study analyzed the memory retention of University of Kentucky Dietetic and Hospitality students as it relates to food safety and sanitation knowledge originally presented on the ServSafe® certification exam. Dietetic and hospitality students take the ServSafe® certification course during the sophomore year of their degree program, but they are responsible for the sanitation and food safety information throughout their entire program of undergraduate study. The final sample consisted of 25 participants, with 84% (n=21) in the Dietetics program and 16% (n=4) in the Hospitality, Management and Tourism program. The mean difference in total score, domain one, domain two, domain …

Role Of Caveolin-1 And Nrf2 In Nutritional Modulation Of Pcb Toxicity, Michael C. Petriello

Theses and Dissertations--Toxicology and Cancer Biology

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of mortality in Western societies and is linked to multiple modifiable risk factors including lifestyle choices. Emerging evidence implicates exposure to persistent environmental pollutants, such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), as a risk factor for the development or progression of cardiovascular disease. To reduce disease risks, it is critical to identify sensible means of biomedically reducing the toxicity of persistent organic pollutants and related environmental stressors.

First, we tested a hypothesis that endothelial cell inflammation and subsequent cardiovascular toxicity initiated by coplanar PCBs is modulated by the crosstalk between caveolae and Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like …

A Comprehensive Understanding Of Corpse Management In Termites, Qian Sun

Theses and Dissertations--Entomology

Undertaking behavior is the disposal of dead individuals in social colonies to prevent potential pathogenic attack. This behavioral trait has convergently evolved in social insects (primarily termites, ants, and honeybee), and is considered an essential adaptation to social living. In honey bee and ants, workers recognize dead colony members through the postmortem change of chemical profile, and corpses are usually removed out of nest. However, in termites, little is known about the behavioral pattern, chemical cue or molecular basis. In the eastern subterranean termite, Reticulitermes flavipes, this study investigated undertaking behavior toward corpses of different origins and postmortem times. …

Nitrogen Management Of Forages In Relation To Gaseous Emissions – New Approaches And Considerations, Shabtai Bittman, Derek Hunt

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Forages have a high N demand, a long growing season, and an effective root system all contributing to effective nutrient capture. However forages are restrictive in methods available for mitigating gaseous losses both as NH₃ and as N₂O, due to both practical and cost considerations. Strategies are needed to address the challenges of both N efficiency and N losses. Agronomic techniques in long term experiments can enhance estimates of N loss pathways and N efficiency, and demonstrate the importance of integrated multinutrient approaches. The dual manure stream concept divides manure into a thin fraction suitable as an …

Impact Of Market Forces On Product Quality And Grassland Condition, David L. Michalk, Jianping Wu, Warwick B. Badgery, David R. Kemp

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Meeting demands for livestock products which are predicted to more than double during the next 20 years, is central to the challenge of feeding the world sustainably. Smallholders will play a key role in achieving global security in animal protein. However, this requires a shift from subsistence to market-oriented farming where production efficiency not the number of livestock is the key focus with the aim of producing ‘more from less’. For grassland-based ruminant production, reducing stocking rate from current unsustainable levels under subsistence management is an essential first step to producing more production and profit from fewer animals. This is …

Stakeholders Integration For Sustainable Use Of Temperate Forage/Livestock Agriculture, Garry D. Lacefield, Don Ball

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Forage/livestock production is complex, and best management options are often site-specific, but some concepts have broad application. The intent of this article is to provide an overview of research-based management approaches that the authors believe are necessary to ensure the sustainability of forage/livestock farms. This overview discussion is needed because livestock agriculture is changing, thus creating both challenges and opportunities for producers. In the last 30 years, beef numbers in the USA have declined by 20%, but production per cow has more than doubled, resulting in increased total production on less land with fewer animals. Similar statistics exist for the …

Socio-Cultural Factors Challenging Development Interventions In Cattle Production In The Remote Areas Of Vietnam, Duong-Nam Ha, Pham-Van Hung, Tran-The Cuong, Ninh-Xuan Trung, Tran-Van Long, Laurie Bonney, Peter A. Lane, Guillaume Duteurtre, Stephen Ives

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The northwest highlands of Vietnam are characterized by high altitude, low infrastructure, and low population densities composed of a wide diversity of different ethnic groups. Their socio-cultural characteristics strongly influence their lifestyle and production systems, including agricultural activities. The majority of these people have suffered from slow economic development, with the highest poverty rate in the country. This is a real need for plausible interventions where behavioral changes of smallholders throughout local value chains would be a critical foundation. Our project implemented in this context of development in the Northwest highlands of Vietnam aims to understand the role of socio-cultural …

Conservation Of Grassland Plant Genetic Resources Through People Participation, D. R. Malaviya, Ajoy K. Roy, P. Kaushal

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Agrobiodiversity provides the foundation of all food and feed production. Hence, need of the time is to collect, evaluate and utilize the biodiversity globally available. Indian sub-continent is one of the world’s mega centers of crop origins. India possesses 166 species of agri-horticultural crops and 324 species of wild relatives. India is reported to have five grass covers identified. There have been almost nil human interference in terms of selection pressure; hence, the biodiversity is well conserved in these grazing lands. There is need of a system approach to understanding biodiversity that moves significantly beyond taxonomy and species observations. In …

Breeding Strategies To Improve Fodder Legumes With Special Emphasis On Clover And Medics, Ajoy K. Roy, D. R. Malaviya, P. Kaushal

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In India, Forage has a unique integration of agriculture and animal industry in diversified rich cultural environment. Greater part of rural economy in India relies much upon mixed farming system, a well-knit combination of crop production and livestock rearing. In India, grazing-based livestock husbandry plays an important role in the rural economy as around 50% of animals depend on grazing. Pasturelands over an area of 12 Mha constitute the main grazing resources that are available. Nearly 30 pastoral communities in hilly or arid/semi-arid regions in northern and western parts of India, depend on grazing-based livestock production. Nomadic pastoralism, a traditional …