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Evaluation Of Macro And Micro Mineral Concentration Of Some Common Forages Of Dausa District Of Rajasthan, Sheela Choudhary

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The Rajasthan state is blessed with huge livestock population but the fodder availability is limited in this region. To deal with scarcity the locally available tree leaves and forages are provided to the livestock. Fodder tree/shrub legumes have the potential for alleviating some of the feed shortages and nutritional deficiencies experienced in the dry season on small holder farms. Tree leaves are rich in protein, carotene and minerals and contribute a sizable amount of edible biomass and has been considered as a potential source of sustenance since ages for raising livestock, particularly sheep and goat which are principle grazing animals. …

Nutritional Values And Economics Of Leguminous Blocks As Goat Feed, P. K. Sampatrao Takawale, S. S. Jade, S. D. Ghorpade

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Rearing of ruminant animals i.e. sheep and goats, especially is hampered by the seasonal availability of good quality and quantity of feeds such that during the dry season months, the little available forage is of low quality. The consequences are weight loss, low birth weight, low resistance to disease and reduced animal performance (Fajemisin et al., 2010). One potential way for increasing the quality and availability of feeds for smallholder ruminant animals in the dry season may be through the use of fodder trees and shrub legumes. Leaf protein sources obtained in leaf vegetables, legume trees, fodder trees and …

Mineral Content Of Leguminous And Non-Leguminous Crop Residues Vis A Vis Their Requirement In Animals, K. K. Singh, M. M. Das, Asim Kumar Misra

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The need of mineral for growth, reproduction and production as well as normal physiological functions of animal body is well recognized. In most of the tropical and sub-tropical countries crop residues constitute the major feed resource in the livestock. The concentration of macro and trace minerals in crop residues depend on various factors including genetic and species of plant viz., leguminous and non-leguminous (Singh et al., 1997). Further, limited information is available currently on different types of crop residues. Therefore, in the present study was under taken to see the macro and micro mineral status of some leguminous and non-leguminous …

In-Vitro Fermentation Study Of Some Grasses Utilized By Camels In Arid Ecosystem, Ashok Kumar Nagpal

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Camel, the ship of desert feeds on a variety of feeds and fodders of grasses, crop residues and shrubs/bushes. The various types of feeds and fodders are the source of nutrient supply upon which depends the production performance of the animal. It is, thus, essential to create the data base of feeds and fodders and their nutrient contents for the formulation of balanced ration for the animals. The analysis of proximate components and detergent fibre components are generally done to get idea about the nutrient availability to the animal. In vivo evaluation provides the real picture of feeds and fodders …

Prediction Of The Chemical Composition And Fermentation Parameters Of Fresh Coarse Italian Ryegrass Haylage Using Near Infrared Spectroscopy, Hyung Soo Park, Sang Hoon Lee, Ki Choon Choi, Ji Hye Kim, Jong Geun Kim, Gi Jun Choi

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) is an annual forage grass species which is widely cultivated in South Korea. It grows extensively in the southern part of the country and is an important component of winter forage for livestock. Each year, in Korea, over one million hectares of Italian ryegrass is converted to round bale haylage. Quality control is an important field in forage utilization research and marketing, and involves the estimation of forage nutrient content. Wet chemistry is the traditional method used to analyze the nutrient content of forage. However, this technique is often destructive, expensive, and time consuming, …

Milk Production And Nutrient Efficiency Of Lactation Goats On Diet Containing Linseed Cake, Mustard Cake And Guar Korma With Urea In Concentrates, Manoj Kumar Tripathi, Prabhat Tripathi, Ravindra Kumar, U. B. Chaudhary, D. L. Gupta, Ramkesh Meena

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Protein supplements, those conventionally used in goat feeding includes oil meals of ground nut, soybean meal, linseed and til etc., which are very costly and their availability is limited for ruminant feeding as these are most used in pig and poultry rations. However, mustard (Brassica juncea) oil meal is available in plenty at cheaper prices but their utilization in goat feeding is limited due to its bitterness (Pailan and Singhal, 2007), which arises upon degradation of glucosinolate contents of mustard (Tripathi and Mishra, 2007). Ruminant animals have unique capability of bioconversion of nonprotein nitrogen substances into microbial protein, …

Soil Carbon And Nitrogen Dynamics Of Integrated Crop-Pasture Systems With Annual And Perennial Forages, Maria V. Pravia, Armen R. Kemanian, José A. Terra

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Increased demand for food and bioenergy crops and the subsequent intensification of crop production creates a challenge for the conservation of natural resources in Latin America and the world. In Uruguay, no-till cash-crop production area has increased from 0.4 to 1.5 million ha in the last decade (DIEA 2011) mostly at the expense of pastureland through expanding grain production to soils with lower land use capability. Production systems based on crop-pasture rotations shifted to a longer annual cropping phase with a shorter pasture phase, or to continuous annual crop-ping. Long-term experiments in the country have shown that the rotation of …

Tiller Population Stability Of Aruana Guineagrass Subjected To Cutting Severities And Fertilized With Nitrogen, Alessandra A. Giacomini, Karina Batista, Maria T. Colozza, Waldssimiler T. Mattos, Luciana Gerdes, Ivani P. Otsuki, Joaquim C. Werner

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Tiller appearance, death and survival rates determine the persistency of each grass species and their herbage accumulation. The balance between these factors may vary with frequency and intensity of grazing and nitrogen (N) fertilization. Separated analysis of data on tiller appearance and survival or death may not indicate if tiller population is stable in a given time, that is, if tiller appearance in relation to tiller survival is large enough to maintain tiller population stable. In order to avoid that, an integrated analysis of tiller appearance and death was used, the tiller population stability index (SI), as defined by Bahmani …

Effect Of Different Additives On Fermentation Characteristics Of Fodder Sorghum [Sorghum Bicolor (L) Moench] Compared To Co-3 (Pennisetum Perpureum X Pennisetum Americarnum), Ayesha Abeysinghe, Sujatha Premaratne, G. G. C. Premalal

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Milk production plays a vital role to overcome the nutritional poverty in all aged groups of people. But there are many kinds of constraints to sustainable milk production in Sri Lanka. The biggest problem is high cost of feeding of dairy animals due to high price of compounded feeds, lack of knowledge on methods of low-cost feed supplementation and seasonal fluctuations in ruminant feed resources. Less availability of good quality green forages has led to low productivity from national dairy herd of Sri Lanka during the dry season (Premaratne and Premalal, 2006). Silage production is one of the most popular …

Effect Of Growth Stage On The Macro Mineral Concentrations Of Forbs And Grasses In A Semi-Arid Region Of Sudan, Sahar Ezzat, Babo Fadlalla

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Ruminants grazing forages in severely mineral-deficient areas may be more restricted by this condition than by inadequacy of energy or protein. Mineral imbalances in soils and forages are responsible for low production and reproduction in grazing livestock. As grazing livestock are not usually offered mineral supplements apart from common salt, they depend upon forages for their requirements. However forages rarely fully satisfy all mineral requirements. Mineral intakes of livestock are influenced by the factors that determine the mineral content of plants and their seeds. The concentrations of minerals in plants depend largely on plant genotype, soil environment, climate and stage …

The Effect Of Different Types Of Inoculants On The Characteristics Of Alfalfa, Ryegrass And Red Clover-Ryegrass-Timothy Silage, Vilma Vrotniakiene, Jonas Jatkauskas

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Silage inoculants based on lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have demonstrated improvements in energy and nutrient recovery from grass and legume silages by lowering the pH and shifting the fermentation towards lactic acid production, by reducing storage losses due to spoilage and by increasing the aerobic stability during feed-out. There are different mixtures of strains currently on the market.

The present study was conducted according to the Deutsche Landwirtschafts-Gesellschaft Guidelines for the testing of silage additives in order to assess which mixtures of lactic acid bacteria would have a greater potential to improve fermentation profile of alfalfa, perennial ryegrass and red …

Silage Characteristics Of Sugarcane (Sacchrum Officinarum) Tops In Sri Lanka, Y. M. H. N. Jayathilake, Sujatha Premaratne, W. R. G. Witharama, G. G. C. Premalal

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Sugarcane tops (SCTs) is generally known to be a major byproduct of sugarcane industry which is currently not utilized in a profitable manner and it is widely available at low cost particularly during the dry period in Sri Lanka when the forage are scarce for feeding of ruminants. Usually, the residue after sugarcane harvesting contains dry leaves, fresh leaves and growing point of the stalk. It increases drying of leaves in the field within 2 to 3 days after harvesting due to dry weather conditions prevailing in the harvesting period and much of the tops are burned and wasted in …

Nutritive Value And Silage Quality In Fodder Sorghum (Sorghum Bicolor), Maize (Zea Mays) And Hybrid Napier (Pennisetum Americarnum × P. Purpureum) Grown In Sri Lanka, P. G. G. Bandara, W. A. D. Nayananjalie, G. G. C. Premalal

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

For continuous genetic improvement of cows, nutrition and management conditions should be improved to allow cow to produce its inherited potential production. However, many farmers not pay desired attention on forage quality and one of the main reasons for the low productivity of dairy cattle is under nutrition. Therefore, production of high quality fodder varieties is vital for strengthening the dairy sector in Sri Lanka. Hybrid Napier var. CO-3 is widely used for cattle feeding in Sri Lanka. It is important to find out other forage varieties with maximum nutritive values and minimum anti-nutritive factors which can be used as …

Nitrogen Retention And Microbial Protein Yield Of Desmodium Uncunatum, Mucuna Pruriens And Vigna Unguiculata Forage Legumes In Goats, Joseph J. Baloyi, Katsande Simbarashe, F. V. Nherera-Chokuda, N. T. Ngongoni

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Forage legumes have high potential degradability, indicating that they might need to stay in the rumen for a longer time (MolinaAlcaide et al., 1996) to increase microbial protein yield. Microbial protein contributes about two thirds of the amino acids absorbed by ruminants (Pathak 2008). Protein supplements which have proper levels of rumen undegradable protein provide growth limiting amino acids like lysine and methionine (Rezai et al., 2012). Nyambati et al. (2003) showed that milk production can be increased by supplementing with velvet bean, highlighting the importance of integrating legumes into the low-input, mixed cropping systems in the tropics. The current …

Mineral Content Of Grasses From Natural Pasture In South West Nigeria, Alaba O. Jolaosho, Okukenu Oluwafemi Adeyemi, O. A. Okukenu, E. Fabusoro

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Nigeria’s grassland grows on uncultivated land on which animals have access for grazing. These are found along roadsides and fallow lands in the coastal forest zones of Nigeria. Most of the natural grassland/rangeland assumes more important proportions in the open derived savanna zones of the country. Ruminant production during dry season is limited by low productivity of pasture forages, which often contain too low mineral concentration to meet the minimum requirement for optimal productivity of livestock (Annison and Bryden, 1998).

Litter Decomposition Of Xaraes-Grass Pasture Subjected To Different Post-Grazing Residuals, Ana C. Ruggieri, Elisamara Raposo, Leandro Galzerano, Alan R. Panosso, Mariana V. Azenha, Estella R. Janusckiewicz

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Since fertilizers are used less extensively on Xaraes-grass (Brachiaria brizantha) pastures in Brazil because of costs, the main route of nitrogen (N) supply to plants is through nutrient recycling via litter decomposition. One of the strategies used to maintain the supply of N is to manage the pasture correctly by keeping it under grazing pressure so that the amount of recycled nutrients in the residue is sufficient to meet the pasture requirements (Jantalia et al.2006). Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate different residual leaf area indices (RLAI) and determine which one provides the best …

Animal Performance On Tanzânia Grass Pasture Intercropped With Estilozantes Campo Grande Or Fertilized With Nitrogen, In The Seasons, Ulysses Cecato, Bruno S. Iwamoto, Edmar P. Peluso, Gracielle C. Mari, Vinicius V. Pereira, José M. Saute

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Nitrogen (N) is the most important nutrient for growth and development of pasture, giving the plant a faster growth rate and greater production (Roma et al. 2012). Despite proven effectiveness, there is restriction on its use by farmers due to high cost. On the other hand, the legume Estilozantes Campo Grande (Stylosanthes spp. (80% S. capitata + 20% S. macrocephala), capable of fixing nitrogen atmospheric has become a promising plant, as shown by the work of Ribeiro et al. (2011). However, there is still a lack of information about its use in association with grasses for animal …

Forms Of Soil Phosphorus Accumulation In Grassland Soils, Warwick J. Dougherty, Ronald J. Smernik, Ashlea L. Doolette

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Australian soils are generally low in phosphorus (P) by world standards and require applied P to reduce this limitation on plant growth. In grazing systems P is deposited on the soil surface from fertiliser, livestock excretion and senescing pasture. Phosphate occurs in many forms in soils. Because of rising fertiliser prices there is growing interest in assessing and improving the availability of accumulated soil P.

The objective of the research described here was to identify and quantify the forms of P in soils under permanent grasslands with a wide range of soil P status.

Accumulation Of Dry Matter And Morphological Composition Of Irrigated Mombaça Grass Fertilized With And Without Nitrogen Under Grazing, Ulysses Cecato, Gracielle C. Mari, Tatiane Beloni, Vanessa C. Piotto, Túlio Otavio D'Almeida Lins, Alyson Andrade Pinehiro

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Brazil is the holder of the largest commercial cattle herd in the world and the world's leading exporter of fresh and industrialized meat. Beef production is based on pastures and the production system is influenced by absence of fertilization and the seasonality of forage during of this the year, caused mainly by temperature, rainfall and luminosity. Nitrogen (N) is the most important element for the development and growth of grasses, since it accelerates the formation and growth of new leaves, improves regrowth vigor resulting in greater production and carrying capacity of pastures (Cecato et al. 2011). The present study …

The Effects Of Restricting Nitrogen, Phosphorus, And Potassium Fertilizers On Erianthus (Erianthus Arundinaceus) Growth And Nutrient Contents, Naoki Kato, Ikuo Hattori, Naohiro Uwatoko, Mitsuru Gau

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Low inputs and sustainability are the major concerns in bioenergy crop production (Reijnders 2006). Erianthus spp. is a relative of sugarcane and is a perennial crop with high dry matter production (Matsuo et al. 2003). It is expected to become a cellulosic bioenergy crop. However, its fertilizer requirements are still unknown because erianthus has a highly developed root system (Matsuo et al. 2003), and appears to absorb nutrients from the subsoil layer, which is hardly used by other crops. Therefore, it is necessary to experimentally restrict fertilizer application and maintain the rhizosphere to clarify the fertilizer requirements.

In this study, …

The Effect Of N-Fertilization Rate Or Inclusion Of Red Clover To Timothy Leys On Fatty Acid Composition In Dairy Cow Milk, Katarina Arvidsson, Anne-Maj Gustavsson, Veerle Fievez, Kjell Martinsson

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

There is growing awareness among consumers of the link between diet and health. Further, the public often associates dairy products with coronary heart disease, since most of the fatty acids (FA) in milk are saturated. Therefore, it would be desirable to improve the FA profile of milk, which might be achieved by using appropriate feeding regimes. N-fertilization has been shown to influence both total fatty acid (TFA) content and the FA composition in a wide variety of species (Arvidsson 2009). The aim of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of grass silages subjected to different N fertilisation regimes fed …

Phosphorus Use Efficiency In Lotus Spp. Under Contrasting Levels Of Water Availability: A Comparison Of Pot And Field Measurements, Hernán Acuña, C. Castillo, Erick Zagal, Luis Inostroza

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The results of the phosphorus (P) use efficiency measurements in pot experiments with soil as subtratum are controversial because they may not be representative of an equivalent situation under field conditions. Under P-stress conditions, strategies for improving phosphorus-use efficiency are: (1) increase the root surface soil contact area by modifying root morphology; (2) increase the effective root area by root symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi; (3) increase nutrient availability through rhizosphere modification. The level of water availability and P supply are of high interest because the water stress, which limits growth more than any other environmental factor, can be minimized …

Production Of Aruana Guinea Grass Submitted To Cutting Severities And Nitrogen Fertilization, Alessandra A. Giacomini, Karina Batista, Maria T. Colozza, Luciana Gerdes, Waldssimiler T. Mattos, Ivani P. Otsuki, Flavia M. A. Gimenes, Linda M. Premazzi

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Aruana Guineagrass (Panicum maximum Jacques cv. Aruana) is widely used as pasture for sheep, which are extremely susceptible to infestation by larvae of gastrointestinal parasites in tropical pasture-based systems (Zanini et al. 2012) A way to mitigate this problem, and consequently reduce the need for use of anthelmintics, is by managing pastures with post-grazing height low enough to favor the incidence of sunlight at the base of tussocks that will kill and control larval development, without jeopardizing canopy regrowth and persistence. The pre-grazing sward height recommended for Aruana Guineagrass is 30 cm, when the canopy intercepts 95% of …

Cattle Fecal Decomposition On Pennisetum Purpureum Schum. Pastures Managed Under Different Post-Grazing Stubble Heights, José C. B. Dubeux Jr., Felipe M. Saraiva, Mércia V. F. Dos Santos, Alexandre C. L. De Mello, Vicente Imbrosi Teixeira, Erinaldo Viana De Freitas

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Pasture management may affect cattle diet. Post-grazing stubble height is a pasture structural characteristic intrinsically linked to forage quantity and quality. Stubble height also indicates forage utilization rate, and as a result, affects nutrient pathway return (excreta or litter) and ultimately, nutrient cycling. Cattle excreta deposition affects soil chemical and physical characteristics (Carran and Theobald 2000). Slow release of nutrients from cattle dung, however, delays nutrient bioavailability for subsequent forage growth (Haynes and Williams 1993). This study evaluated how different post-grazing stubble heights on elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schum.) pastures may affect cattle dung decomposition and nutrient release.

Decomposition Of Cattle Dung On Mixed Grass-Legume Pastures, José C. B. Dubeux Jr., Carolina Câmara Lira, Erinaldo Viana De Freitas, Mércia V. F. Dos Santos, Mário De Andrade Lira, Caroline Dykstra, Erick Rodrigo Da Silva Santos, Fernando Tenório Filho

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Animal excreta contribute positively to nutrient cycling and can improve the quality of soil (Dubeux et al. 2009, Carvalho et al. 2010). Cattle excrement, when evenly distributed over a pasture, can help to maintain plant nutrition without the application of fertilizers. The introduction of legumes intercropped with grasses benefits the soil by means of nitrogen fixation. Also, when ruminant animals eat legumes, the excrement produced may have lower C:N, C:P, lignin:N and lignin:P ratios promoting better nutrient return to the soil compared to when cattle eat only grass. Given the importance of nutrient return and decomposition time of …

Effect Of Diseases And Insect-Pests On Forage Quality Of Cowpea, D. K. Banyal, Jaya Chaudhary, Rajan Katoch

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) an important forage legume is mainly cultivated in tropical and sub-tropical regions of India for its food and fodder value. It is highly nutritive with 23.0, 67.0, 1.8 per cent protein, carbohydrate and fats respectively, and is also a rich source of calcium and iron. Cowpea is also prone to a number of diseases and inset-pests causing great losses in yield and quality of green fodder. High incidence of diseases profoundly reduces yield and quality, whereas insects typically reduce yield more than quality. Cowpea is grown globally in an area of 14 million hectares with …

Leaf Blast Pyricularia Grisea Effects On Buffelgrass Forage And Seed Production In Northwestern Mexico, Martha Martin Rivera, Fernando Ibarra-Flores, Patricia Barrios Cardenas, Salomón M. Moreno, Fernando Ibarra Martin, Rafael Retes Lopez, Francisco Rivas Santoyo, Alfredo Aguilar Valdez

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Common buffelgrass Cenchrus ciliaris (T-4464) is an introduced species intensively planted in Mexico to increase productivity on rangelands. Studies have shown that the species produces 5 to 10 times more forage as compared to native species on rangelands (Martin et al., 1995). Previous studies in the Gulf of Mexico have shown that the fungus Pyricularia grisea causes a disease in buffelgrass known as "leaf blight" and induce serious damage to the plant affecting forage production and nutritive quality (Ocumpaugh and Rodríguez, 1998; González, 2002). Injuries begin in the inferior leafs as small dark stains that later are converted in injuries …

Performance Of Promising Forage In Eastern India And Their Nutritive Value, J. J. Gupta, A. Dey, B. P. Bhatt, S. K. Barari

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Eastern region of India possesses large number of ruminant population (162 million) that depend on available feed resources (GOI, 2014). But, at the same time, an acute shortage of green fodder prevails in the eastern part of India that varies from 82 to 89 per cent. The main reason behind this gap is low land holding and negligible area under fodder production. Shortage of quality feed and fodder resources and neglect of forage crops led to decline in the productivity of Indian livestock. However, as a whole, country having 8.30 million ha area under fodder production (Anon, 2013) and out …

Production Capacity Of A Mountain Meadow In Slovakia, Norbert Britanak, Daniel Rataj, Iveta Ilavska, Lubomir Hanzes

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Slovakia is rich in grassland ecosystem diversity due to its geological, geomorphologic and climatic conditions (Seffer et al. 2002). Grasslands make up to 81% of total agricultural land in the upland and mountain regions. They are regarded as basic sources of forage for cattle and sheep. During the last century, the utilisation of mineral fertilisers increased dramatically not only on arable land, but even on grassland in Europe (Hejcman et al. 2007). The objective of our 11-year trial was to compare the dry matter production of permanent grasslands at two levels of mineral nutrition under extreme climatic conditions …

Developing Methods To Evaluate Phenotypic Variability In Biological Nitrification Inhibition (Bni) Capacity Of Brachiaria Grasses, Jacobo Arango, Danilo E. Moreta, Jonathan Nuñez, Katharina Hartmann, Moralba Dominguez, Manabu Ishitani, John Miles, Guntur V. Subbarao, Michael Peters, Idupulapati M. Rao

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

As part of the nitrogen (N) cycle in the soil, nitrification is an oxidation process mediated by microorganisms that transform the relatively immobile ammonium (NH₄⁺)to the water soluble nitrate (NO₃^-), enabling the production of nitrous oxide (N₂O, a potent greenhouse gas) by denitrification as a by-product (Canfield et al. 2010). Researchers at CIAT-Colombia in collaboration with JIRCAS-Japan, reported that Brachiaria humidicola forage grasses have the ability to inhibit the nitrification process by exuding chemical compounds from its roots to the soil. A major hydrophobic compound was discovered and named brachial-actone (Subbarao et …