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Effect Of Storage Time And Temperature On Recovery Of Synergistes Jonesii From Rumen Fluid And Feces, W. M. Andrew, M. J. Williams, M. J. Allison, C. C. Chase Jr., C. G. Chambliss, R. S. Kalmbacher, W. E. Kunkle Oct 2021

Effect Of Storage Time And Temperature On Recovery Of Synergistes Jonesii From Rumen Fluid And Feces, W. M. Andrew, M. J. Williams, M. J. Allison, C. C. Chase Jr., C. G. Chambliss, R. S. Kalmbacher, W. E. Kunkle

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Synergistes jonesii is a rumen bacterium that degrades 3,4-dihydroxypyridine (3,4 DHP), the toxic breakdown product of mimosine in leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala). Fecal culture is the most practical way to determine S. jonesii presence in zoological ruminants, particularly if feces can be collected from night penning facilities. Fresh rumen fluid and fecal or fecal slurry (sheep [Ovis spp.] only, 1:4 wt to vol. feces and culture media) from cattle (Bos spp.) and sheep, known to be colonized by S. jonesii, were subjected various storage times (0, 6, 12, and 24 h) and temperatures (5, 23, and …

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The Importance Of Animal Comfort For Animal Production In Intensive Grassland Systems, P. H. Hemsworth, J. L. Barnett Oct 2021

The Importance Of Animal Comfort For Animal Production In Intensive Grassland Systems, P. H. Hemsworth, J. L. Barnett

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Animals utilise a wide range of regulatory systems to control the conditions within their bodies or homeostasis. These regulatory systems control for example, body temperature, nutritional state, water balance, social interactions and fear and these systems react to environmental and endogenous stimuli so as to correct or prevent displacements from the optimal range. The behavioural and physiological responses utilised by the animal are usually proportional to the challenge to homeostasis. The stress response commences with the central nervous system perceiving a potential challenge to homeostasis. Once the central nervous system perceives a threat, it develops a biological response or defence …

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Hindlimb Suspension In Wistar Rats: Sex-Based Differences In Muscle Response, Marie Mortreux, Megan E. Rosa-Caldwell, Ian D. Stiehl, Dong-Min Sung, Nicholas T. Thomas, Christopher S. Fry, Seward B. Rutkove Oct 2021

Hindlimb Suspension In Wistar Rats: Sex-Based Differences In Muscle Response, Marie Mortreux, Megan E. Rosa-Caldwell, Ian D. Stiehl, Dong-Min Sung, Nicholas T. Thomas, Christopher S. Fry, Seward B. Rutkove

Athletic Training and Clinical Nutrition Faculty Publications

Ground-based animal models have been used extensively to understand the effects of microgravity on various physiological systems. Among them, hindlimb suspension (HLS), developed in 1979 in rats, remains the gold-standard and allows researchers to study the consequences of total unloading of the hind limbs while inducing a cephalic fluid shift. While this model has already brought valuable insights to space biology, few studies have directly compared functional decrements in the muscles of males and females during HLS. We exposed 28 adult Wistar rats (14 males and 14 females) to 14 days of HLS or normal loading (NL) to better assess …

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Nitrogen Fertiliser Effects On Perennial Ryegrass Nutritive And Nitrate Content During The Cool Season, Joseph L. Jacobs, Frank R. Mckenzie Oct 2021

Nitrogen Fertiliser Effects On Perennial Ryegrass Nutritive And Nitrate Content During The Cool Season, Joseph L. Jacobs, Frank R. Mckenzie

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

A study was undertaken to determine the effects of differing levels of nitrogen (N) application (0 (N1), 25 (N2), 50 (N3) and 75 kgN/ha (N4)) during late autumn (T1), early (T2) and late winter (T3) on the nutritive characteristics and nitrate content of perennial ryegrass. Changes in crude protein (CP) for all treatments at each application time were similar irrespective of level of N application. At the commencement of all treatments, the existing CP content was highest in N3, followed by N2, N1 and N0. Nitrate content decreased throughout T1 primarily due to dry conditions, whilst during T2, levels for …

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Nitrogen Concentration In Cell Wall Of Warm-Season Perennial Grasses, G. F. C. Lima, Lynn E. Sollenberger, J. E. Moore Oct 2021

Nitrogen Concentration In Cell Wall Of Warm-Season Perennial Grasses, G. F. C. Lima, Lynn E. Sollenberger, J. E. Moore

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The objectives of this experiment were to evaluate the influence of N fertilizer, age of regrowth, and season on concentration of N in cell-wall fractions of three warm-season perennial grasses (limpograss, [Hemarthria altissima (Poir.) Stapf et C.E. Hubb.], bermudagrass [Cynodon spp.], and bahiagrass [Paspalum notatum Flügge]. The herbage neutral detergent insoluble nitrogen (NDIN) fraction composed almost half of total N in these grasses. Though acid detergent insoluble nitrogen (ADIN) concentrations generally were 80 g kg-1 of total N or less, this fraction is indigestible and unavailable and composes a significant portion of a nutrient that may …

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Studies On Feeding Value For Five Psammophyte Shrubs In Ningxia Region, Dongmei X., Weixian C., Sijia G., Xiangyun X. Oct 2021

Studies On Feeding Value For Five Psammophyte Shrubs In Ningxia Region, Dongmei X., Weixian C., Sijia G., Xiangyun X.

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

A trial was conducted on five psammophyte shrubs -Caragana intermedia, C. korshinskii, Hedysarum scoparium, H. laeve, Salix psammophylla in the post-fruit period in Ningxia, China. Chemical composition, palatability and in vitro digestibility were studied systematically. The feeding value was evaluated through Fuzzy multifactorial model. According to chemical composition, palatability and in vitro digestibility, C. intermedia, had the highest feeding value and C .korshinskii the lowest.

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In Situ Dry Matter Ruminal Degradation Kinetics Of Prairie Grass And Annual Ryegrass Forage, J. R. Carrete, I. Ceconi Oct 2021

In Situ Dry Matter Ruminal Degradation Kinetics Of Prairie Grass And Annual Ryegrass Forage, J. R. Carrete, I. Ceconi

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The objective of this study was to evaluate dry matter ruminal degradation kinetics, of prairie grass (Bromus catharticus Vahl.) and annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum), by using in sacco technique, on seven different harvesting dates. The forage was incubated in nylon bags, suspended in the rumen of four Hereford steers with a rumen fistula. The dry matter ruminal degradation was calculated through the exponential model P=a+b(1-exp(-ct)). Potential degradabilities (PD) were high and reduced across a temporal trend, ranging between 92,31 and 81,79g 100g -1 of dry matter (DM) for prairie grass (PG) and 95,06 and 77,44g 100g -1 …

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Application Of Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy (Nirs) To Forage Evaluation In Uruguay, D. Cozzolino, Y. Acosta, J. Garcia Oct 2021

Application Of Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy (Nirs) To Forage Evaluation In Uruguay, D. Cozzolino, Y. Acosta, J. Garcia

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) were used to assess the chemical composition of a wide range of forages. Nearly five hundred herbage samples covering a wide range of temperate pastures species and mixtures, previously analysed by conventional wet chemistry were scanned in reflectance with a NIRS 6500 (NIRSystems, Silver Spring, USA). The coefficients of determination in calibration (R2 ) and the errors in cross validation (SECV) were 0.98 (5.8), 0.94 (22.2), 0.97 (5.6), 0.94 (6.9) and 0.89 (19.7) for crude protein, in vitro organic matter digestibility, dry matter, ash and acid detergent fiber, in g kg –1 on a …

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Seasonal Variation Of Brachiaria Spp. Quality In The Pantanal Of Mato Grosso Do Sul, Brazil, S. M. A. Crispim, E. L. Cardoso, F. Fernandes Oct 2021

Seasonal Variation Of Brachiaria Spp. Quality In The Pantanal Of Mato Grosso Do Sul, Brazil, S. M. A. Crispim, E. L. Cardoso, F. Fernandes

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

This study aims to evaluate the dry matter yield and the crude protein (CP) of Brachiaria decumbens and Brachiaria humidicola and soil covering by these species, considering stand lasting age and hydrologic cycle periods in the Pantanal, from November 1996 to November 1997. Dry matter yield presented differences between hydrologic cycle periods and age, and their interactions. B. decumbens and B. humidicola over 10 years comparison yielded the largest amount of dry matter yield, observed in February. B. humidicola growth rate was slower than B. decumbens. Pastures stand ages did not cause differences in crude protein, but differences have …

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Continuous Digestibility Assessment Of Tropical Grasses, A. Chudy, T. Schmidt, A. Glatzle Oct 2021

Continuous Digestibility Assessment Of Tropical Grasses, A. Chudy, T. Schmidt, A. Glatzle

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The feed value for cattle of three tropical grasses, Gatton (Panicum maximum cv. Gatton), Estrella (Cynodon plectostachyus) and Tifton-85 (Cynodon sp. cv. Tifton-85) was investigated during the growing period, using the method of “continuous digestibility estimation”. Results indicate that feed value is hardly influenced by the growth stage from the 90th day on. Common European in-vitro feed evaluation procedures are not to be recommended for tropical grasses as they presented consistently lower values than did in-vivo measurements.

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Prediction Of Intake Of Hay Differing In Species And Maturity By Goats, S. W. Coleman, S. P. Hart, T. Sahlu Oct 2021

Prediction Of Intake Of Hay Differing In Species And Maturity By Goats, S. W. Coleman, S. P. Hart, T. Sahlu

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Eight species of forage, a cool-season perennial (Festuca arundinacea) and annual grass (Triticum aestivum), four warm-season perennial grasses (Bothriochloa caucasica, B. ischaemum, Cynodon dactylon, and Tripsacum dactyloides), a warm season annual (Digitaria sanguinalis) and a perennial legume (Medicago sativa), were cut at two or three maturities to provide a wide array of quality difference (n=20). Twenty wether goats (Capra hicus) were fed the hays in four different trials using an incomplete block so that each hay was fed to four different goats. Alfalfa produced the highest DM, …

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Effect Of Level Of Surface Spoilage On The Nutritive Value Of Maize Silage Diets, K. K. Bolsen, L. A. Whitlock, G. L. Huck, M. K. Siefers, T. E. Schmidt, R. V. Pope, M. E. Uriarte Oct 2021

Effect Of Level Of Surface Spoilage On The Nutritive Value Of Maize Silage Diets, K. K. Bolsen, L. A. Whitlock, G. L. Huck, M. K. Siefers, T. E. Schmidt, R. V. Pope, M. E. Uriarte

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

This study determined the effect of surface spoilage in the diet on feed intake and nutrient digestibilities using growing steers fed whole-plant maize silage-based diets. A bunker silo, 0.9 m in depth, and a 2.7 m diameter AgBag were filled with alternating loads of chopped forage. After 90 days, the bunker was sealed with a sheet of polyethylene, and this silage was designated “spoiled”. The silage in the AgBag was designated “normal”. The four diets contained 90% silage and 10% supplement (dry matter basis), and the proportions of silage in the diets were A) 100% normal, B) 75% normal: 25% …

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Selenium And Sulphur Concentrations In Primary Growths Of Different Plant Communities, W. Opitz Von Boberfeld Oct 2021

Selenium And Sulphur Concentrations In Primary Growths Of Different Plant Communities, W. Opitz Von Boberfeld

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The factorised evaluated data of seven different grassland swards and two harvest dates of primary growths led to following results: Regarding the concentrations of selenium and sulphur, a selenium antagonist, and the N/S ratio, there were no significant plant community x harvest date, plant community x year, and harvest date x year interactions. The selenium concentrations, which never met the requirements of ruminants, were the highest in young herbage of a Bromion racemosi community reaching 49 µg kg-1 DM. The average of all swards and treatments was 33 µg kg-1 DM of selenium. Apparently, repeated application of selenate-bearing …

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Canopy Characteristics, Ingestive Behaviour And Herbage Intake In Cultivated Tropical Grasslands, Lynn E. Sollenberger, J. C. Burns Oct 2021

Canopy Characteristics, Ingestive Behaviour And Herbage Intake In Cultivated Tropical Grasslands, Lynn E. Sollenberger, J. C. Burns

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Compared to temperate systems, there have been few detailed assessments of canopy characteristics and associated grazing behavior in planted tropical grasslands. Reasons include the large number of forage species used in warm climates, the diversity of their morphology, research priorities emphasizing germplasm evaluation and management, and limited resources. This review describes canopy attributes of C4 grass pastures, highlights the most important relationships between grazing behavior and these canopy characteristics, and discusses the implications of canopy characteristics and grazing behavior for long-term intake and animal performance. It is suggested that the largest differences in canopy characteristics between tropical and temperate …

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Foraging Behaviour And Intake In Temperate Cultivated Grasslands, S. Prache, J. L. Peyraud Oct 2021

Foraging Behaviour And Intake In Temperate Cultivated Grasslands, S. Prache, J. L. Peyraud

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In temperate areas, grazing provides a large part of the nutrient requirements of ruminants and may be an important form of land use. In Europe, grassland occupies some 150 million hectares, and grazing provides about 60 to 75% of the nutrient requirements of cattle (Wilkins and Vidrih 2000). From the end of the 80’s, agricultural surpluses in Europe have led to production quotas and increased interest in more extensive systems. At the beginning of the 90’s, the emergence of the notion of sustainable agriculture combining economic, social (concerns in dereliction of less-favoured rural areas), and environmental issues (pollution, loss of …

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A Comparative Grazing Study Of Sheep And Cattle Diet Selection On Native Pastures In Uruguay, Fabio Montossi, G. Pigurina, E. J. Berretta, I. Santamarina Oct 2021

A Comparative Grazing Study Of Sheep And Cattle Diet Selection On Native Pastures In Uruguay, Fabio Montossi, G. Pigurina, E. J. Berretta, I. Santamarina

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

An experiment was carried out during winter, spring and summer 1997, on native pastures of the basaltic region of Uruguay to evaluate the effects of different herbage mass levels (high, medium and low) on sward characteristics and on sheep and cattle diet selection and grazing behaviour. Higher herbage masses resulted in increments in herbage accumulation and sheep bite weight: winter (1880, 1513 and 610 kg DM ha-1, P < 0.01; 199, 148 and 128 mg DM/bite, P < 0.01), and summer (3046, 2175 and 1172 kg DM ha-1, P < 0.01; 214, 175 and 143 mg DM/bite, P < 0.01) for high, medium and low herbage mass levels respectively. The nutritive value of diet selected by sheep and cattle was higher than that of the herbage on offer, and higher in sheep than in cattle: winter (10.2, 15.9 and 12.5% crude protein, CP, P < 0.05; 49.2, 32.4 and 38.1% acid detergent fiber, ADF, P < 0.01, and summer (7.4, 10 and 9.5% CP, P < 0.05; 51.1, 36.8 and 43% ADF, P < 0.01) for herbage on offer, sheep and cattle diets respectively. These contrasting results found in the nutritive value were closely associated with differences in the proportions of the botanical components recorded, particularly the differential contribution of dead material. This experiment quantified the importance of diet selection in determining the nutritive value of the forage eaten by sheep and cattle on the native pastures of the basaltic region of Uruguay and established some relationships between diet selection and grazing management, involving animal selectivity ability differences (sheep versus cattle) and seasonal effects.

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A Sheep And Catlle Diet Selection Study On A Fertilized Native Sward In Uruguay, Fabio Montossi, E. J. Berretta, G. Pigurina, I. Santamarina Oct 2021

A Sheep And Catlle Diet Selection Study On A Fertilized Native Sward In Uruguay, Fabio Montossi, E. J. Berretta, G. Pigurina, I. Santamarina

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

This study was undertaken during winter, spring and summer 1997, located in the basaltic region of Uruguay to evaluate the effects of stocking rate (SR) and N and P fertilizer application on sward characteristics and on sheep and cattle diet selection and grazing behaviour. The treatments applied were: a) control (C; without fertilizer application using a SR of 0.9 stock units (SU)/ha), b) T1 (with N and P fertilizer application using a SR of 0.9 SU/ha), c) T2 (with N and P fertilizer application using a SR of 1.2 SU/ha) and d) T3 (with N and P fertilizer application using …

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Assessment Of Cultural Sensitivity In Dietetics Education, Julie Plasencia, Heather Norman-Burgdolf, Lorraine Weatherspoon Oct 2021

Assessment Of Cultural Sensitivity In Dietetics Education, Julie Plasencia, Heather Norman-Burgdolf, Lorraine Weatherspoon

Dietetics and Human Nutrition Faculty Publications

Cultural sensitivity and competency are skills needed for agricultural professionals including nutrition and dietetics practitioners. The objective of the current study was to examine the learning transference of cultural sensitivity topics taught in a cultural foods course into case study assessments of a capstone-level course. This study is a cross-sectional, content analysis of cultural sensitivity assessment rubric (CSAR) scores for two case study assessments. The study was conducted in a landgrant, research-intensive university and 55 students (60%) from a capstone-level dietetics course participated. T-tests were used to compare CSAR scores between students who had completed a cultural foods course and …

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Protein Oxidation In Foods: Mechanisms, Consequences, And Antioxidant Solutions, Mario Estévez, Youling L. Xiong Oct 2021

Protein Oxidation In Foods: Mechanisms, Consequences, And Antioxidant Solutions, Mario Estévez, Youling L. Xiong

Animal and Food Sciences Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Cross-Sectional Association Of Toxoplasma Gondii Exposure With Bmi And Diet In Us Adults, Joel Cuffey, Christopher A. Lepczyk, Shuoli Zhao, Nicholas M. Fountain-Jones Oct 2021

Cross-Sectional Association Of Toxoplasma Gondii Exposure With Bmi And Diet In Us Adults, Joel Cuffey, Christopher A. Lepczyk, Shuoli Zhao, Nicholas M. Fountain-Jones

Agricultural Economics Faculty Publications

Toxoplasmosis gondii exposure has been linked to increased impulsivity and risky behaviors, which has implications for eating behavior. Impulsivity and risk tolerance is known to be related with worse diets and a higher chance of obesity. There is little known, however, about the independent link between Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) exposure and diet-related outcomes. Using linear and quantile regression, we estimated the relationship between T. gondii exposure and BMI, total energy intake (kcal), and diet quality as measured by the Health Eating Index-2015 (HEI) among 9,853 adults from the 2009–2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. …

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Rorα Suppresses Cancer-Associated Inflammation By Repressing Respiratory Complex I-Dependent Ros Generation, Wei Mao, Gaofeng Xiong, Yuanyuan Wu, Chi Wang, Daret St. Clair, Jai-Da Li, Ren Xu Oct 2021

Rorα Suppresses Cancer-Associated Inflammation By Repressing Respiratory Complex I-Dependent Ros Generation, Wei Mao, Gaofeng Xiong, Yuanyuan Wu, Chi Wang, Daret St. Clair, Jai-Da Li, Ren Xu

Markey Cancer Center Faculty Publications

Breast cancer development is associated with macrophage infiltration and differentiation in the tumor microenvironment. Our previous study highlights the crucial function of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in enhancing macrophage infiltration during the disruption of mammary tissue polarity. However, the regulation of ROS and ROS-associated macrophage infiltration in breast cancer has not been fully determined. Previous studies identified retinoid orphan nuclear receptor alpha (RORα) as a potential tumor suppressor in human breast cancer. In the present study, we showed that retinoid orphan nuclear receptor alpha (RORα) significantly decreased ROS levels and inhibited ROS-mediated cytokine expression in breast cancer cells. RORα expression …

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Spatial And Time Distribution Of Dairy Cattle Manure In An Intensive Pasture System, S. L. White, S. P. Washburn, L. D. King, R. E. Sheffield, J. T. Green Jr. Sep 2021

Spatial And Time Distribution Of Dairy Cattle Manure In An Intensive Pasture System, S. L. White, S. P. Washburn, L. D. King, R. E. Sheffield, J. T. Green Jr.

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

This study determined distribution of feces and urine from dairy cattle managed in a rotationally grazed pasture. Lactating Holsteins (n=18) and Jerseys (n=18) were grazed on a .74 ha endophyte-free fescue (Festuca arundinacea)/white clover (Trifolium repens) pasture. All cows were constantly observed for 24 h 6 times over 12 mo. Cows had access to about 54% of the paddock during the first grazing period (12 h) and had access to the entire paddock during the second grazing period (8 h). Data included: (1) all feces and urine events from eight cows, observed while in the pasture, …

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Effects Of Herbage Allowance Upon Animal Performance And Grazing Behavior Of Strip-Grazed Heifers, Claudio F. Machado, F. Di Croce, F. Gonzalez, H. Zeballos, N. J. Auza, M. H. Wade, S. T. Morris, J. Hodgson Sep 2021

Effects Of Herbage Allowance Upon Animal Performance And Grazing Behavior Of Strip-Grazed Heifers, Claudio F. Machado, F. Di Croce, F. Gonzalez, H. Zeballos, N. J. Auza, M. H. Wade, S. T. Morris, J. Hodgson

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

A trial was designed to test the effect of herbage allowance (HA) on live-weight gain (LWG) and grazing behavior of heifers during spring as part of a combined field-modeling research programme. Low HA (L) and high HA (H) of 2.5 and 5.0 kg DM herbage mass 100 kg animal LW-1day-1 were fed respectively. H animals grazed longer and achieved a higher LWG than L (P < 0.05). H animals left a higher residual pasture (P < 0.051) with a significantly (P < 0.05) higher content of green, clover, non-lamina and petiole of a higher digestibility and NSC, with a lower NDF content. The significance of some factors involved in these results on intake and diet selection are discussed in relation to the predictability of animal performance.

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Factors Influencing The Yield Proportions Of Plantago Lanceolata L. And Taraxacum Officinale Web. In Lolium Perenne L. Swards, Harald Laser Sep 2021

Factors Influencing The Yield Proportions Of Plantago Lanceolata L. And Taraxacum Officinale Web. In Lolium Perenne L. Swards, Harald Laser

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Diaspores of Plantago lanceolata and Taraxacum officinale respectively were sown in established Lolium perenne swards to determine the dynamics of their yield proportions during five years. The experimental factors were forb species, variety of the grass species (= early or late flowering), N-fertilization, and sward density. The amount of nitrogen fertilizer had the most important effect on yield proportions of the forb species and also on the total dry-matter (= DM) yield. The single creation of gaps in grass swards before sowing forbs had a lasting positive effect on the Plantago lanceolata and Taraxacum officinale proportions. Peak proportions of Taraxacum …

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Mountain Pastures Structure And Its Relationship With Grazing, I. Albizu, S. Mendarte, G. Besga, I. Amezaga, M. Onaindia Sep 2021

Mountain Pastures Structure And Its Relationship With Grazing, I. Albizu, S. Mendarte, G. Besga, I. Amezaga, M. Onaindia

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The present work aims toward an approach to mountain pastures as a system of relationships in which it is needed to point out those environmental factors that reflect more clearly their structure and potential productivity. This initial step of pasture tipification is important as a previous activity before the planning and management of protected areas because these areas support an intensive pastoral activity. In order to achieve this objective a field study was conducted in two areas in the Gorbeia Natural Park (Bizkaia): Arraba and Aldamiñape, located at 900-1100 masl. In each pasture four plots were selected according to orientation …

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Predictors Of Arterial Stiffness In Law Enforcement Officers, Jason M. Keeler, Bradley S. Fleenor, Jody L. Clasey, Arnold J. Stromberg, Mark G. Abel Sep 2021

Predictors Of Arterial Stiffness In Law Enforcement Officers, Jason M. Keeler, Bradley S. Fleenor, Jody L. Clasey, Arnold J. Stromberg, Mark G. Abel

Kinesiology and Health Promotion Faculty Publications

Background: Compare arterial stiffness among law enforcement officers (LEOs) versus general population normative values and identify predictors of arterial stiffness in LEOs. Methods: Seventy male LEOs (age: 24–54 years) completed body composition, blood pressures, physical activity level, and carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) measurements. T-tests and regression analyses were utilized to compare LEO data to normative data and predict cfPWV, respectively. Results: Compared to similar age strata within the general population, cfPWV was lower among LEO’s under 30-years (mean difference = −0.6 m·s−1), but higher among LEOs 50–55-years (mean difference = 1.1 m·s−1). Utilizing regression, age, …

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Short-Term Study On 13Carbon Discrimination On Irrigated Tropical Pasture, G. B. Martha Jr., M. Corsi, P. C. O. Trivelin, F. Queiroz-Neto Sep 2021

Short-Term Study On 13Carbon Discrimination On Irrigated Tropical Pasture, G. B. Martha Jr., M. Corsi, P. C. O. Trivelin, F. Queiroz-Neto

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

A better understanding of pasture ecosystem can be obtained through the use of 13C discrimination technique. In this context, an experiment, assigned in a randomized complete block design with four replicates, was conducted to evaluate the Δ 13C (‰) discrimination, nitrogen (N) yield (kg N ha-¹), total nitrogen content (g kg dry matter (DM)-¹) and dry matter yield (kg DM ha-¹) on an irrigated Tanzania grass pasture (Panicum maximum, Jacq.) receiving increasing rates (0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 kg N ha-¹ cut-¹) of N fertilizer during the summer. Dry matter yield, N yield and nitrogen …

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Evaluation Of “Feeding Intelligence” In Murrah Water Buffaloes Grazing Three Different Tropical Grasses, P. B. Alcântara Sep 2021

Evaluation Of “Feeding Intelligence” In Murrah Water Buffaloes Grazing Three Different Tropical Grasses, P. B. Alcântara

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Acceptability and palatability are two terms of large utilization that help to understand animal selection for feed. “Feeding intelligence” is a new theory recently introduced to replace those terms mentioned before. According to most recent research works, the feeding intelligence is acquired and remains for a long period of time in the memory of some animals. The present experiment had the purpose of showing its occurence in water buffaloes aiming, at the same time, to better understand their feeding behaviour. Three tropical grasses were tested: Brachiaria brizantha cv Marandu, Panicum maximum cv Tanzania and Setaria sphacelata var. sericeae cv Kazungula. …

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Foraging Strategies On Rangeland: Effects On Intake And Animal Performance, Peter O’Reagain Sep 2021

Foraging Strategies On Rangeland: Effects On Intake And Animal Performance, Peter O’Reagain

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Rangelands exhibit extreme spatial and temporal variability in forage quality and availability. The animals that utilise these rangelands have consequently evolved a range of foraging strategies in an attempt to cope with this variability and maintain nutrient intake. In general, animals respond to and exploit spatial variability at all scales by selecting those items or units which optimise the intake of digestible nutrients and hence animal production. Animals similarly employ a variety of strategies to cope with temporal variability on rangelands. These strategies may include adjusting foraging behaviour and/or exploiting critical resources or resource areas to buffer temporal variability in …

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On The Scale Dependence Of Foraging In Terrestrial Herbivores, John M. Fryxell, C. B. D. Fortin, J. Wilmshurst Sep 2021

On The Scale Dependence Of Foraging In Terrestrial Herbivores, John M. Fryxell, C. B. D. Fortin, J. Wilmshurst

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Meaningful modeling of the spatial and trophic dynamics of terrestrial herbivores demands understanding of the constraints and fitness objectives that presumably underlie behavior. This is complex in terrestrial herbivores, because of scale-dependent constraints on nutrient or energy gain. Mechanistic processes of forage cropping, forage mastication, movements between feeding stations, and forage digestion each have unique constraints that apply on different time, size, and spatial scales. Moreover, competing activities are rarely taken into account. Experimental testing of foraging objectives is therefore clouded by uncertainty regarding which time scale is most relevant from the animal’s perspective, leading to confusion and misrepresentation in …

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