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Capillary-Diffusion And Self-Diffusion Of Liquid Water In Unsaturated Soils, Ronald E. Phillips, V. L. Quisenberry Jr.

KWRRI Research Reports

Capillary-diffusion coefficients were measured by use of inflow and outflow methods. With both methods the capillary-diffusion coefficients decreased very rapidly with decreasing water content. The lighter textured soils were found to have the higher diffusion coefficients over the entire moisture content range studied, 0 to 1 bar tension.

Self-diffusion coefficients were measured over a moisture content range from air dryness to saturation using ³H as a tracer of water. Each of the soils gave the same diffusion characteristics when the self-diffusion coefficients were expressed as a function of either water content or average number of water layers on the …

A Preliminary Ecological Study Of Areas To Be Impounded In The Salt River Basin Of Kentucky, Louis A. Krumholz, Stuart E. Neff, Edmond J. Bacon, Jerry S. Parsons, John D. Woodling

KWRRI Research Reports

This report includes work that is an extension of Project No. B-005-KY as reported in Research Report No. 43 of the University of Kentucky Water Resources Institute. That project was initiated in April 1968 as Project No. A-019-KY with principal emphasis on physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of the main stem of the Salt River upstream from the proposed damsite for Taylorsville Lake, an impoundment of about 3, 600 acres at seasonal pool. The report includes descriptions of an additional 13 stations along the stream, bringing to 38 the number of permanent collecting sites.

Values for dissolved oxygen ranged from …

Detection And Identification Of Molecular Water Pollutants By Laser Raman Spectroscopy, Eugene B. Bradley, Charles A. Frenzel, John Reeves, Robert Mcconnell, Kay Lane

KWRRI Research Reports

Laser Raman spectroscopy is evolving into a primary tool for the Identification of molecular water pollutants. This study pushes the limits of detectivity of carbon disulfide and benzene to ~ 20 ppm in water solutions using a high-resolution Raman spectrometer, cooled detectors, and photon counting techniques. The primary limiting factors were found to be the low throughput and the scattered light performance of the monochromator as well as insufficient laser energy.

An optomized design for a pollution-measuring instrument is suggested, and a prototype has been built which is useful with any value of excitation energy short of sample degrading. The …

Operational Characteristics Of Lane Drops, Don L. Cornette

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

A lane drop is defined as a location on a highway where the number of lanes provided for through traffic decreases. For purposes of this study, the broad category of lane drops has been further subdivided into three specific classes: lane exits, lane splits, and lane terminations. These subdivisions are illustrated schematically in Figure 1. A lane exit refers to a location where the number of through lanes decreases at an interchange on a multilane roadway. A designation of lane split denotes a major fork of a multilane highway where the level of traffic service provided at the terminus of …

A Preliminary Ecological Study Of Areas To Be Impounded In The Salt River Basin Of Kentucky, Louis A. Krumholz

KWRRI Research Reports

This report covers work that is an extension of Project No. A-019-KY. A series of 25 sampling stations was established in the mainstream and tributaries of the Salt River that extend from the source of the stream in Boyle County to a few miles below the site of Taylorsville Darn in Spencer County. Sampling for water chemistry and biota was carried out semimonthly. Data on temperature, oxygen, depth, and discharge, along with analyses for cations (Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn) and anions (PO₄, NO₃, NO₂, CO₃, HCO₃) have been accumulated and …

Influence Of Recreational Areas On The Functional Service Of Highways, Jerry G. Pigman

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

Development of outdoor recreational facilities in Kentucky has generally been in predominately rural areas. Access to these areas from the primary highway network is often provided by existing low-standard local roads. The recreational travel demand often exceeds the design volumes of these local roads or the volumes that can be accommodated at reasonable levels of service. Such travel demand also constitutes a significant portion of the total demand on the rural primary network, particularly during the peak weekend periods.

Many large reservoirs in Kentucky have generated extensive developments of recreational facilities in the surrounding areas. Highways which have been displaced …

Unsteady Flow Toward Partially Penetrating Artesian Wells, Y. H. Huang

KWRRI Research Reports

A numerical method programmed for a high-speed computer was developed for determining the drawdown around an artesian well. A salient feature of the program is that it can be used for both fully and partially penetrating wells in either infinite or finite aquifers. The method Involves the application of finite difference equations to the well-known heat equation using a graded network. A comparison of the finite difference solutions with those obtained from the close-form formulas of Muskat, Theis, and Hantush indicates the validity of the method. A comparison between the finite difference solutions and the drawdowns measured on a sand …

Measuring The Intangible Values Of Natural Streams, Part I, John A. Dearinger, George M. Woolwine

KWRRI Research Reports

The purpose of this study was to apply the "uniqueness concept" to the quantification of the intangible values of natural streams. The methodology is based on procedures developed by Luna B. Leopold and Maria O. Marchand of the U.S. Geological Survey. It involves the evaluation of a set of characteristics or factors for selected stream sites. Each factor is rated for each site on a numerical scale indicative of the range of possible "values" for that factor. An "uniqueness ratio" (the reciprocal of the number of stream sites sharing a given category rating) is then computed for each stream for …

Summary Of Pavement Surface Texture Measurement Methods, Jerry G. Rose

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

This tabular summary represents an expanded version of a draft prepared under the direction of Prof. Bob M. Gallaway of Texas A & M University. The table was compiled from a literature survey conducted during spring 1970. A survey of all states and agencies engaged in quantitative measurements of surface texture would be helpful for updating and finalizing the table. In the meantime, any comments or suggestions concerning any of the tabular entries or other methods of surface texture measurement should be addressed to Dr. J. G. Rose, Research Engineer, Division of Research, Kentucky Department of Highways, 533 South Limestone, …

Summary Of Pavement Surface Texture Measurement Methods, Kentucky Department Of Highways

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

This tabular summary represents an expanded version of a draft prepared under the direction of Prof. Bob M. Gallaway of Texas A & M University. The table was compiled from a literature survey conducted during spring 1970. A survey of all states and agencies engaged in quantitative measurements of surface texture would be helpful for updating and finalizing the table. In the meantime, any comments or suggestions concerning any of the tabular entries or other methods of surface texture measurement should be addressed to Dr. J. G. Rose, Research Engineer, Division of Research, Kentucky Department of Highways, 533 South Limestone, …

Experimental Installations Of Impact Attenuation Devices, Bruce S. Siria, William M. Seymour, Don L. Cornette, James L. Miller

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

The expanding system of limited access, multilane highway facilities in the United States has enhanced traffic service between many varied origins and destinations. As a result, these facilities have not only reduced travel times and travel costs, but have generated additional travel by virtue of their technological splendor. The increasing dominance of multilane highways in terms of percentage of total vehicle miles travelled has produced a revolution in highway engineering philosophy. Higher design speeds, increased lane widths, lateral separation of opposing traffic streams, absence of passing restrictions, and increased traffic capacities were attributes intuitively sought. An ironic result is the …

A Modern Proposal For State Regulation Of Consumptive Uses Of Water, Richard C. Ausness, Frank E. Maloney

Law Faculty Scholarly Articles

As a nation, the United States is in the early stages of a developing water crisis. With an exploding population accompanied by great technological advances in industry and agriculture, America is using progressively more water each day; the increasing use threatens to exceed available supplies in the future unless available resources are properly managed.

As the demand for water grows, problems related to the equitable allocation of this important resource will likewise increase. The need that presently exists for an integrated and balanced approach to the problems of water consumption, pollution, navigation and recreation will become even more acute in …

Property Tax Assessment Administration In Kentucky, Walter W. Turner

Kentucky Law Journal

No abstract provided.

Strip Mining In Kentucky, David A. Schneider

Kentucky Law Journal

No abstract provided.

Public Schools: Serrano V. Priest--A Challenge To Kentucky, Jack G. Stephenson, Richard C. Stephenson

Kentucky Law Journal

No abstract provided.

Procedures For Trace Analysis Of Dissolved Inorganic And Organic Constituents In Water, Gary D. Christian, Charles E. Matkovich, W. Lynn Schertz

KWRRI Research Reports

A study of different solvent systems for the atomic absorption determination of cobalt revealed that acetone results in best sensitivity. Acetone is the solvent of choice for the sensitive measurement of several metals. Hence, methods were investigated for the separation of acetone from water by salting out so that possible solvent extraction of metal chelates into this solvent could be performed. About two-thirds saturated calcium chloride proved to be the best system for salting out of the acetone. It is essentially a neutral salt and is in general a weakly complexing salt, resulting in minimum interference in solvent extractions. Solvent …

The Generation Of Flood Damage Time Sequences, John P. Breaden

KWRRI Research Reports

There is a need in water resources planning to develop a procedure for determining the time pattern in which flood damages occur as a function of the rise and fall of the flood hydrograph. The widely-used approach for estimation of flood damages does not take into account the fact that the frequency of the annual flood peak may not be the same as the frequency of the total annual flood damages. As examples, several small storms during the year may do more damage than a single larger storm, or flood damages may be reduced by a reduction in flood duration …

Statistical Quality Control Of Highway Construction And Materials, J. B. Venable

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

The objective of this report is to review existing local practices used in establishing and enforcing highway specifications and construction processes and to compare these practices. With procedures based on statistical quality control concepts. In order that statistical quality control concepts may be properly used where applicable, the first part of this report considers the general theory underlying the use of statistical control methods and the development of different types. Of acceptance plans which may be used in the highway construction industry. The second portion of the report is concerned with analyzing and comparing Kentucky's current specification requirements with typical …

Algal Growth And Decomposition: Effects On Water Quality, Phase Ii, Edward G. Foree, Ronald L. Barrow

KWRRI Research Reports

The decomposition and associated nutrient regeneration of three unialgal cultures and one mixed culture containing an indigenous population of bacteria and microscopic animals were studied under dark, constant temperature laboratory conditions. After periods of nutrient-deficient growth ranging from O to 30 days, these cultures were inoculated with decomposer populations and subjected to anaerobic and aerobic environments for the decomposition studies. The extend of decomposition was determined from the percentage volatile suspended solids and percentage particulate COD remaining after 200 days of decomposition. The average extent of decomposition was greater for aerobic than for anaerobic conditions. However, significant portions of the …

Development Of Specifications For Reflex-Reflective Materials, Ronalds L. Rizenbergs

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

Evolutionary changes in highway design, automobiles and retro-reflective products prompted Kentucky to undertake a study to update specification requirements for signing materials, delineators and coating compounds. The study was primarily concerned with geometric relationships between the driver, headlamps and traffic signs; investigation of reflectivity, color, durability and other properties of available reflective materials; adoption of testing apparatus to measure material properties; and development of test procedures.

A review of specific sign viewing conditions on the road indicated the appropriateness of reflectivity testing at 0.5-degrees and 0.2-degrees angles of divergence. These angles, however, limit examination of materials at viewing distances in …

Algal Growth And Decomposition: Effects On Water Quality, Edward G. Foree, John S. Tapp Jr.

KWRRI Research Reports

The chemical composition of algae grown in batch culture depends mainly on environmental conditions, nutrient availability, presence of predators, cell age, and species. The effects of nutrient availability and cell age on the composition of three unialgal cultures (algae + bacteria) and one hetergeneous culture (algae + bacteria + microscopic animals) were evaluated. The cultures were grown in batch culture under both nutrient-abundant and nutrient deficient conditions and the changes in compositions were observed. Luxurious uptake where nutrients are incorporated into cellular protoplasm at levels greater than those necessary for growth, and super-luxurious uptake, where some nutrients are stored rather …

Freeze-And-Thaw Phenomena In Concretes And Aggregates, James H. Havens

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

This report summarizes several years of research relating to damage to concrete and aggregates undergoing freezing and thawing. Basic principles involving freezing and attendant pressures are considered. Application of these principles to the evaluation of concrete was accomplished in experiments on concrete having low and high air contents. The effects of air entrainment upon freeze-thaw resistance were demonstrated.

Freeze-thaw characteristics of saturated aggregates relative to their physical properties such as porosity, absorption and bulk specific gravity were studied by submerging individual particles in pre-chilled mercury. Pressures associated with popouts in concrete were monitored and are presented along with accompanying theoretical …

Post-Census Redistricting--A Primer For State Legislators, Charles G. Williamson Jr.

Kentucky Law Journal

No abstract provided.

Torts--Negligence--Exculpatory Clause, Bruce Montgomery Reynolds

Kentucky Law Journal

No abstract provided.

Federal Income Taxation--Scholarship And Fellowship Grants--Validation Of Treasury Regulation, Leslie C. Smith

Kentucky Law Journal

No abstract provided.

Part I - Controlling The Soil Moisture Environment Of Transpiring Plants, Part Ii - Prediction Of Leaf Temperature Under Natural Atmospheric Conditions, Charles T. Haan, Billy J. Barfield, Robert Edling

KWRRI Research Reports

Part I

A technique for controlling the soil moisture potential in the root zone of transpiring plants was developed. The method uses the principles of unsaturated flow through a porous media to develop the desired moisture potential. In the case of non-steady state transpiration, the maximum possible fluctuation in the soil moisture potential can be determined by the techniques presented.

Part II

Two implicit leaf temperature prediction equations were derived from the energy balance approach. The equations define sensible and latent heat transfer from a plant population as a two step process:

1. Transfer between the plant leaf and the canopy …

Analysis Of Solutions For Surface Active Agents, Henry H. Bauer

KWRRI Research Reports

The objective of this study was to obtain a better understanding of the behavior of surfactants in aqueous solutions at electrodes. With this understanding it should be possible to design electrochemical methods for the detection, identification, and quantitative determination of such substances. This study was concerned primarily with the influence of extraneous salts on the behavior of surface active agents when these are examined by the electrochemical technique known as tensammetry.

The tensammetric method consists essentially of the measurement of the electrical impedance of an electrochemical cell. This impedance is characteristically increased in the presence of surfactants at those potentials …

An Evaluation Of Relationships Between Streamflow Patterns And Watershed Characteristics Through The Use Of Opset, L. Douglas James, William O. Thompson, Glendon Allen Ross, Earnest Y. Liou

KWRRI Research Reports

Selection among alternative flood control measures would be better informed if better information could be obtained on the marginal change in flood hazard associated with land use and other changes in the tributary watershed. Hydrologic modeling is the most promising approach to answering this question; however, the use of existing models is hampered by the absence of information correlating model parameters with physical characteristics of the watershed.

To deal with this situation, a method was developed for estimating the parameter values for the Stanford Watershed Model which best match recorded with simulated streamflows. Physical characteristics were measured for 17 rural …

Factors Affecting Relocation In Response To Reservoir Development, Rabel J. Burdge, Richard L. Ludtke

KWRRI Research Reports

The focus of this paper is on the question of how rural people anticipate forced moves as a result of flood control projects and how they change their life in accepting separation from familiar surroundings.

A model of faced migration is presented which sees the variables of socioeconomic status, knowledge of reservoir projects, vested interests and the degree of identification with place of affected persons as producing differential apprehension over moving. Differential apprehension is then seen as producing different attitudes toward the project which will influence the type of migration plans.

To test this model of forced migration, data were …

Anticipations Of Change: A Socio-Economic Description Of A Kentucky County Before Reservoir Construction, Charles Robert Smith

KWRRI Research Reports

In the past the construction of large reservoirs in the United States has been evaluated largely in terms of the economic benefit they bring to the area where they are constructed and to the nation. Where human populations are involved, however, a host of social changes occur, many of which fundamentally alter the way of life of a people.

This report is part of a larger study which aims at analyzing the social costs and benefits of reservoir construction. The project is long range in that studies are to be carried out before, during, and after construction. This report concentrates …