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Simulation Of Travel Patterns For Small Urban Areas, Jerry G. Pigman, Robert C. Deen

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

The objective of this study was to develop models which would simulate internal-external trips and external-external (through) trips. Regression analysis and cross-classification of data were tested in an attempt to predict the number of internal-external trips and the percentage of through trips. Regression analysis was used in the development of a through-trip distribution model. Grouping data for analysis created some problems; however, trial-and-error evaluation enabled selection of variables which produced reasonable results. Variables found to be most significant in the development of internal-external models were population and employment. For through-trip models, variables used were population, functional classification, AADT at the …

A Proposed Revision Of Kentucky's Water Rights Legislation, Richard Ausness

KWRRI Research Reports

Kentucky's present system of water law consists of a statutory water withdrawal permit system superimposed upon a body of common-law water rights doctrine. The rights of water users are often uncertain under this system, particularly in periods of water shortage. The proposed revision of Kentucky's existing water rights legislation, would greatly reduce the significance of common-law water rights and would remedy some of the weaknesses in the present statute.

Part 1 of the proposed statute establishes an administrative structure; Part 2 deals with water withdrawal permits; Part 3 retains the present statute's provisions on the regulation of dams and impoundments, …

Effects Of Soil Injection Of Liquid Dairy Manure On The Quality Of Surface Runoff, I. J. Ross, S. Sizemore, J. P. Bowden, C. T. Haan

KWRRI Research Reports

Liquid dairy manure has been injected on the soil contour to depths of 6 and 12 inches and applied to the surface of a Bluegrass sod and a bare tilled soil. Application rates of 9,250 gallons per acre were used. Runoff from 9-foot-square plots which were sprinkled at rates of 2.5 inches per hour on sod and 1.5 inches per hour on bare soil was collected and analyzed for various pollution parameters including COD, N, TS, TSS, pH, DO, and Fecal Coliform. The effects of pollutant yield in the runoff have been determined for various treatments.

Injection of the manure …

Evaluation Of Detention Basins For Controlling Urban Runoff And Sedimentation, C. T. Haan, A. D. Ward

KWRRI Research Reports

This report summarizes the work completed under the research project "Evaluation of Dentention Basins for Controlling Urban Runoff and Sedimentation." The main project accomplishments were:

(1) a demonstration of the desirability of considering systems of urban stormwater detention basins as opposed to individual basin design,

(2) the development of a systems analysis approach for least cost selection of a system of dentention basins for meeting a preset hydrologic objective,

(3) the development of a mathematical, computer-based simulation model of the performance of sediment retention basins,

(4) partial verification of the sediment basin model and

(5) the development of design recommendations …

Determination Of Rutting In Asphaltic Concrete Pavements: Field Instrumentation And Laboratory Characterizations, David L. Allen

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

This report describes a number of gages developed to measure the location and magnitude of ruts. These were installed in a newly constructed asphaltic concrete pavement. They measure lateral deflections and transient and permanent vertical deflections. Some preliminary vertical deflections are reported. An investigation of materials is also reported. The asphalt concrete base, dense-graded aggregate base, and subgrade material were characterized by (1) shear strength (triaxial tests), (2) rheologic behavior (creep tests), (3) permanent deformation characteristics (repeated-load and creep tests), (4) Young's modulus (resonant column tests), and (5) resilient properties (repeated-load tests). Empirical functions were formulated to describe the permanent …

Organized Resistance To An Imposed Environmental Change: A Resevoir In Eastern Kentucky, William F. Schweri Ii, John Van Willigen

KWRRI Research Reports

This is a case study of a group organized to resist the construction of an Army Corps of Engineers reservoir project located in Eastern Kentucky, More specifically the account describes how a group of landowners organized themselves and enacted an increasingly complex strategy of resistance. Within this framework perceived costs, leadership and authority and group organization are considered.

The primary method employed in this research was that of repeated interviews with members of the resistance organization who were identified as key informants. These interviews were carried out on both structured and unstructured bases.

The formal analysis of the voluntary association …

Removal Of Chloroform From Drinking Water, John S. Zogorski, George D. Allgeier, Robert Lee Mullins Jr.

KWRRI Research Reports

The overall objective of this investigation was to evaluate via laboratory experiments the technical feasibility of reducing trihalomethane levels in drinking water. Special attention was directed at the removal of chloroform since: (a) it is the only trihalomethane which has been shown to be carcinogenic in animal tests; and (b) this compound generally comprises the largest fraction of the total trihalomethane content of chlorinated waters in Kentucky. Trihalomethanes are present in municipal drinking waters due to the reaction of free chlorine with naturally occurring compounds, collectively called "precursors".

A variety of treatment processes and potential modifications (or additions) to existing …

College Of Law Commencement Program, 1978, University Of Kentucky

Graduation Programs

No abstract provided.

Design Of A Reliable, Inexpensive Recording Rain Gage Which Utilizes Solid-State Memory, Stephen A. Dyer

KWRRI Research Reports

Researchers working in the general area of water resources frequently have need for precipitation data. Unfortunately, the cost of commercially available recording rain gages is often greater than $1,000 per unit. This report describes a microprocessor-controlled remote recording rain gage which is capable of unattended operation for periods of greater than a month that costs less than $400 in single quantities. The laboratory prototype uses a tipping bucket to collect precipitation in 0.01-inch increments. The time of the bucket tip is stored, using an offset binary format, in solid-state memory. A complete description of the gage hardware is presented along …

Simulation Of External-Internal And Through Trips For Small Urban Areas, Jerry G. Pigman

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

The objective of this study was to develop models which would simulate internal-external trips and external-external (through) trips. Regression analysis and cross-classification of data were tested in an attempt to predict the number of internal-external trips and the percentage of through trips. Regression analysis was used in the development of a through-trip distribution model. Grouping data for analysis created some problems; however, trial-and-error evaluation enabled selection of variables which produced reasonable results. Variables found to be most significant in the development of internal-external models were population and employment. For through-trip models, variables used were population, functional classification, AADT at the …

Analysis Of Time-Independent Consolidation Data, E. Gregory Mcnulty, Tommy C. Hopkins, C. Thomas Gorman

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

The one-dimensional laboratory consolidation test developed by Terzaghi permits deformation and drainage only in the vertical direction. The stress-strain characteristics of data obtained from this test are normally studied using a semilogarithmic graphical representation, that is, vertical strain or void ratio is plotted as a function of the logarithm of effective stress. Such a representation permits an analysis of the stress history and compressibility characteristics of soils. Knowledge of these material characteristics is of great practical value in the prediction of settlement associated with loading where the effects of lateral consolidation may be neglected.

The Response Of Various Soil Strength Indices To Changing Water Content And Bulk Density, Larry G. Wells, O. Treesuwan

Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering Faculty Publications

Various soil strength parameters were measured in the laboratory using a bevameter and a recording soil cone penetrometer. Measurements were made at various levels of soil bulk density and water content. Results were discussed in terms of similar published analyses. Two dissimilar methods of predicting vehicular tractive performance were compared and evaluated in terms of potential utility with respect to prediction of soil trafficability.

Predicted And Measured Drainable Porosities For Field Soils, R. W. Skaggs, Larry G. Wells, S. R. Ghate

Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering Faculty Publications

Experiments were conducted on large field cores to determine the relationship between drainage volume and water table depth for five soils. The measured drainage volumes were less than predicted from the soil water characteristics for three soils, but were in good agreement for the other two. Drainable porosities were calculated from both theoretical and experimental drainage volume-water table depth relationships by assuming that the unsaturated zone is essentially 'drained to equilibrium, with the water table. The experimental drainable porosities thus obtained were less than predicted.

Drainable porosities for drainage in two-dimensions were calculated from experimental results for one-dimension by assuming …

Studies On The Role Of Solar Ultraviolet Radiation In "Natural" Water Purification By Aquatic Ecosystems, John Calkins, Jeanne A. Barcelo, Perry Grigsby, Stephen Martin

KWRRI Research Reports

The possibility that pollution might deplete the stratospheric ozone layer and intensify solar UV at the earth's surface focuses attention on the role of solar UV in the various ecosystems at the earth's surface. Previous studies suggested that solar UV might contribute to bacterial die off in wastewater and the studies reported here were directed toward elucidating the action of solar UV in "natural" waters.

It has been assumed that solar UV action on aquatic ecosystems can be evaluated (using proper models) on the basis of the following four independently measurable quantities: I) the intensity of solar UV at the …

Hydrology And Water Quality In The Central Kentucky Karst: Phase Ii Part A: Preliminary Summary Of The Hydrogeology Of The Mill Hole Sub-Basin Of The Turnhole Spring Groundwater Basin, James F. Quinlan, Donald R. Rowe

KWRRI Research Reports

Water from upland areas flows to small ephemeral and perennial springs that feed sinking streams that are tributary to low-order cave streams. These cave streams, also recharged by diffuse percolation, are part of a dendritic network in which intermediate-order streams join high-order streams that flow to major trunk streams. The trunk in the Mill Hole Sub-basin flows across the bottom of a large karst window, Mill Hole, and joins the trunk of the Patoka Creek Sub-basin. Their combined discharge bifurcates, flows around the collapsed central core of a larger karst window, Cedar Sink, and re-joins to flow as one to …

Hydraulic Resistance Of Grass Media On Shallow Overland Flow, David K. Tao, Billy J. Barfield, Austin E. Lyons

KWRRI Research Reports

Simulated dense vegetation with random blade arrangements and different blade flexibilities were used to determine the hydraulic properties of flow of small, non-submerging depths. With the water flowing among the randomly patterned vegetation blades, drag resistance becomes the dominant force that retards the flow. An equation of flow was established based on the momentum balance in the system. Experimental results were used to determine the coefficient of blade resistance, R_D, and plotted in terms of blade width and flow depth Reynolds number respectively.

Assessment Of The Water Quality In The Salt River Prior To Its Impoundment In Anderson And Spencer Counties, Kentucky, Andrew C. Miller, Louis A. Krumholz, Stuart E. Neff, Darly E. Jennings, Patricia B. Olmes, David S. White

KWRRI Research Reports

Monthly water samples were taken and analyzed to determine the water quality of the Salt River in Anderson and Spencer counties Kentucky prior to the river's impoundment. Sediments from the area watershed were analyzed to total acid digestion, barium chloride extraction, and aqueous extraction methods. Rainwater and runoff water were collected and analyzed for major cations and anions from two sites in the watershed.

The Salt River at Taylorsville is characterized by hard water with high levels of calcium (33.5-74.8 mg/1), bicarbonate (136-236 mg/l), specific conductance (200-535 μmhos/cm), and sulfate (16.5-71.5 mg/l). Nitrates (0.6-5.7 mg/l), phosphates (0.2-2.4 mg/l), sodium (3.2-20.3 …

Stochastic Models For Precipitation, Peter Purdue, Z. Govindarajulu

KWRRI Research Reports

In this project a stochastic model, using Semi-Markov Processes, was developed to simulate daily rainfall patterns in Kentucky. This model contains many of the currently used models as special cases and is applicable at any station in Kentucky as well as elsewhere.

For use in Kentucky an 8 state Semi-Markov Process is developed and the parameters of the model are determined from historical rainfall data. The model is tested at 4 different stations in Kentucky and the simulated and actual rainfall processes are found to be in good agreement. Finally some long run probabilities are calculated as well as mean …

Optimal Systems Of Storm Water Detention Basins In Urban Areas, D. K. Mynear, C. T. Haan

KWRRI Research Reports

Flood retention basins are commonly used in urban areas to reduce the impact of urbanization on downstream flooding. When more than a few acres are developed, systems of retention basins are often required. A procedure has been developed whereby the optimum (least cost) system of basins can be determined to meet a given downstream flow requirement. The method considers several design options including basins on all subwatersheds, basins on only some of the subwatersheds, basins of various sizes and basins with various stage-discharge characteristics. The procedure has been developed in the form of a computer program to aid the designer …

Simulation Of The Sedimentology Of Sediment Detention Basins, A. J. Ward, C. T. Haan, B. J. Barfield

KWRRI Research Reports

Sediment detention basins are a widely used means of controlling downstream sediment pollution resulting from stripmining and construction activities. A mathematical model for describing the sedimentation characteristics of detention basins has been developed. This model requires as inputs the inflow hydrograph, inflow sediment graph, sediment particle size distribution, detention basin stage-area relationship and detention basin stage-discharge relationship. Based on this information the model routes the water and sediment through the basin. In this routing process the outflow sediment concentration graph, the pattern of sediment deposition in the basin and the sediment trapping efficiency are estimated. Comparison of predicted results with …

Computerized Analysis Of Stress-Strain Consolidation Data, E. Gregory Mcnulty

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

A computerized, mathematical algorithm is described and presented for analyzing the semilogarithmic stress-strain (time-independent) properties of standard, controlled-gradient, and controlled-rate-of-strain consolidation tests. This algorithm is an automation of manual graphical procedures currently used in engineering practice to obtain stress-strain information necessary for use in time-independent settlement analysis. The Casagrande and Schmertmann constructions are analytically represented to determine the preconsolidation stress and the in situ, compressibility coefficients of compression and expansion. Values for each of these parameters range between a probable and minimum value. The point of maximum curvature is determined for the Casagrande construction by use of the mathematical definition …

Hydrology And Water Quality In The Central Kentucky Karst: Phase 1, James F. Quinlan, Donald R. Rowe

KWRRI Research Reports

Study of springs and cave streams has shown that heavy metal-rich effluent from a wastewater treatment plant can be traced to Hidden River Cave (beneath the city of Horse Cave) and thence 4 to 5 miles north to a group of 39 springs at 14 locations along a 5-mile reach of Green River. Nickel, chromium, copper and zinc in these effluent-bearing springs are in concentrations of as much as 30 times greater than other springs upstream and downstream from this reach, 20 times greater than the Green River, and 60 times greater than in shallow domestic wells between Horse Cave …

Vertical Drainage In Field Cores, Larry G. Wells, R. W. Skaggs

Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Effects Of Stream Channel Improvements On Downstream Floods, Yang H. Huang, Ronald K. Gaynor

KWRRI Research Reports

This report presents a self-calibrating watershed model for predicting the effect of channel improvements on downstream floods. The model is called MOPSET because it is a modified version of OPSET developed several years ago at the University of Kentucky. OPSET is a computerized procedure for determining an optimum set of parameter values by matching synthesized flows with recorded flows. Major modifications include the replacement of the modified Muskingum method of channel routing by a kinematic finite difference method, the division of the watershed into a number of segments, and the inclusion of a storage routing procedure to take care of …

Embryopathic Effects Of Waterborne And Sediment-Accumulated Cadmium, Mercury And Zinc On Reproduction And Survival Of Fish And Amphibian Populations In Kentucky, Wesley J. Birge, Jeffrey A. Black, Albert G. Westerman, Paul C. Francis, Jarvis E. Hudson

KWRRI Research Reports

Fish and amphibian egg cultures were used to determine the embryopathic effects of cadmium, mercury, and zinc released from natural and metal-enriched sediments, and to develop egg culture bioassay procedures suitable for monitoring bottom sediments for hazardous contaminants. Eggs of the narrow-mouthed toad (Gastrophryne carolinensis), goldfish (Carassius auratus), and rainbow trout (Salmo gairdnei) were cultured in contaminant-free water added to natural and metal-enriched sediments. Exposure was initiated after fertilization (toad, goldfish) or at 10 days prehatching (trout) and maintained continuously through 4-10 days posthatching. Sediments were enriched with 0.1-100 ppm cadmium and mercury and …

The New Industrial Order: Concentration Regulation And Public Policy By Samuel R. Reid And Property, Markets, And Government Intervention: A Textbook In Microeconomic Theory And Its Current Applications By Daniel Orr, Charles Koch Jr.

Kentucky Law Journal

No abstract provided.

Modeling Soil Water Movement Into Plant Roots, D. C. Slack, C. T. Haan, Larry G. Wells

Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering Faculty Publications

Mathematical model was developed which describes uptake of water by plant roots as a function of leaf and soil water potentials. The model was used to estimate transpiration from corn grown in a controlled environment under soil drying conditions. The model predicted daily transpiration quite well for the period modeled.

From Washington To Arlington Heights And Beyond: Discriminatory Purpose In Equal Protection Litigation, Robert G. Schwemm

Law Faculty Scholarly Articles

When the Supreme Court decided Washington v. Davis on June 7, 1976, it began a new era in civil rights law. Rejecting the contention that state action is unconstitutional solely because it operates to injure more blacks than whites, the Court held that proof of discriminatory purpose is necessary to establish a claim of racial discrimination under the equal protection clause. In two cases decided the following term—Village of Arlington Heights v. Metropolitan Housing Development Corp. and Castaneda v. Partida—the Court reaffirmed its commitment to the discriminatory purpose requirement, but was badly divided on how to apply the …

Law Vs. Science: Legal Control Of Genetic Research, Frank Becker

Kentucky Law Journal

No abstract provided.

Biological And Chemical Evaluation Of The Aquatic Environment Of Selected Undeveloped Kentucky Lake Embayments, Marshall Gordon, Morgan E. Sisk

KWRRI Research Reports

This report describes research involving biological and chemical analysis of two undeveloped embayments on Kentucky Lake, namely Anderson and Vickers Bays. Field and laboratory studies were made to assess current biotic standing crops, limnological conditions, levels of inorganic and organic pollutants in the embayments.