Digital Commons Network^™

Generalized Geologic Map For Land-Use Planning: Kenton County, Kentucky, Richard A. Smath, Bart Davidson, Daniel I. Carey, John D. Kiefer

Map and Chart--KGS

This map is not intended to be used for selecting individual sites. Its purpose is to inform land-use planners, government officials, and the public in a general way about geologic bedrock conditions that affect the selection of sites for various purposes. The properties of thick soils may supercede those of the underlying bedrock and should be considered on a site-to-site basis. At any site, it is important to understand the characteristics of both the soils and the underlying rock.

Groundwater Quality In Kentucky: Cadmium, Bart Davidson, R. Stephen Fisher

Information Circular--KGS

Cadmium is a metallic element that occurs naturally in the earth's crust, especially in zinc-, lead-, and copper-bearing ores (Forstner and Whittmann, 1981). Pure cadmium is a soft silver-white metal, but is rarely found naturally in its pure form. It is commonly combined with other elements, such as oxygen (cadmium oxide) and sulfur (cadmium sulfate).

Generalized Geologic Map For Land-Use Planning: Simpson County, Kentucky, E. Glynn Beck, David A. Williams, Daniel I. Carey

Map and Chart--KGS

This map is not intended to be used for selecting individual sites. Its purpose is to inform land-use planners, government officials, and the public in a general way about geologic bedrock conditions that affect the selection of sites for various purposes. The properties of thick soils may supercede those of the underlying bedrock and should be considered on a site-to-site basis. At any site, it is important to understand the characteristics of both the soils and the underlying rock.

Generalized Geologic Map For Land-Use Planning: Ohio County, Kentucky, E. Glynn Beck, David A. Williams, Daniel I. Carey

Map and Chart--KGS

This map is not intended to be used for selecting individual sites. Its purpose is to inform land-use planners, government officials, and the public in a general way about geologic bedrock conditions that affect the selection of sites for various purposes. The properties of thick soils may supercede those of the underlying bedrock and should be considered on a site-to-site basis. At any site, it is important to understand the characteristics of both the soils and the underlying rock.

The Vlt-Uves Survey For Molecular Hydrogen In High-Redshift Damped Lyman Α Systems: Physical Conditions In The Neutral Gas, Raghunathan Srianand, Patrick Petitjean, Cédric Ledoux, Gary J. Ferland, Gargi Shaw

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications

We study the physical conditions in damped Lyman α systems (DLAs), using a sample of 33 systems towards 26 quasi-stellar objects (QSOs) acquired for a recently completed survey of H₂ by Ledoux, Petitjean & Srianand. We use the column densities of H₂ in different rotational levels, together with those of C I, C I*, C I**, C II* and singly ionized atomic species to discuss the kinetic temperature, the density of hydrogen and the electronic density in the gas together with the ambient ultraviolet (UV) radiation field. Detailed comparisons are made between the observed properties in DLAs, the …

Streambank Erosion Associated With Grazing Practices In The Humid Region, Carmen T. Agouridis, Dwayne R. Edwards, Stephen R. Workman, José R. Bicudo, Benjamin K. Koostra, Eric S. Vanzant, Joseph L. Taraba

Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering Faculty Publications

The effects of cattle grazing on stream stability have been well documented for the western portion of the U.S., but are lacking for the east. Stream and riparian damage resulting from grazing can include alterations in watershed hydrology, changes to stream morphology, soil compaction and erosion, destruction of vegetation, and water quality impairments. However, few studies have examined the successes of best management practices (BMPs) for mitigating these effects. The objective of this project was to assess the ability of two common BMPs to reduce streambank erosion along a central Kentucky stream. The project site consisted of two replications of …

Is The Monopoly Theory Of Trademarks Robust Or A Bust?, Harold R. Weinberg

Law Faculty Scholarly Articles

The "monopoly theory of trademarks" would "antitrustize" trademark law by incorporating antitrust legal precedent, economics, policies, reasoning, and terminology. The theory is comprised of six interrelated postulates contained in trademark law and scholarship. The postulates are (1) trademarks are monopolies; (2) trademark monopolies are like illegal antitrust monopolies because both harm competition; (3) trademark law is like antitrust law because both value competition; (4) trademark law is like antitrust law because both apply economic methodology to product markets; (5) an antitrust lens can help one understand trademarks and trademark law; and (6) an antitrust lens can help one decide whether …

Absolutely Pure Modules, Katherine R. Pinzon

University of Kentucky Doctoral Dissertations

Absolutely pure modules act in ways similar to injective modules. Therefore, through-out this document we investigate many of these properties of absolutely pure modules which are modelled after those similar properties of injective modules. The results we develop can be broken into three categories: localizations, covers and derived functors. We form S1M, an S1R module, for any Rmodule M. We state and prove some known results about localizations. Using these known techniques and properties of localizations, we arrive at conditions on the ring R which make an absolutely pure S1Rmodule into an absolutely pure Rmodule. We then show that under …

Integrated Surface-Plasmon Waveguides For Optical Communications, Adam W. Chamberlain

University of Kentucky Master's Theses

Integrated optics present a potentially low cost and higher performance alternative to electronics in optical communication systems. Surface plasmon waveguides (SPWGs) offer a new approach for manipulating light in integrated optical chips. SPWGs provide several advantages over dielectric waveguides. In this study, a fabrication process for SPWGs is developed. SPWGs are fabricated with various lengths and bend radii to allow for study of absorption and bending losses in the waveguides at telecommunications wavelengths (~1550nm). Finite-element method models of straight, bent, and optically coupled waveguides are developed and analyzed.

Modeling And Control Of Magnetostrictive Actuators, Wei Zhang

University of Kentucky Master's Theses

Most smart actuators exhibit rate-dependant hysteresis when the working frequency is higher than 5Hz. Although the Preisach model has been a very powerful tool to model the static hysteresis, it cannot be directly used to model the dynamic hysteresis. Some researchers have proposed various generalizations of the Preisach operator to model the rate-dependant hysteresis, however, most of them are application-dependant and only valid for low frequency range. In this thesis, a first-order dynamic relay operator is proposed. It is then used to build a novel dynamic Preisach model. It can be used to model general dynamic hysteresis and is valid …

Controlled Synthesis And Functionalization Of Nanoporous Solgel Silica Particles And Gels, Bing Tan

University of Kentucky Doctoral Dissertations

This dissertation addresses three research areas in the sol-gel synthesis of functionalmaterials. The first is the kinetics of hydrolysis and condensation of variousorganoalkoxysilanes. Two mathematical models are developed for the sol-gel reaction inbasic conditions with and without nearest-neighbor effects. Effects on reactivity aremeasured with systematic changes in the organic group structure. Replacing onemethoxy group on the precursor with a methyl group decelerates hydrolysis under basicconditions, but accelerates condensation under acidic conditions. Replacing two methylfunctionalprecursors with one ethylene-bridged precursor accelerates hydrolysis in base,but decelerates condensation in acid. Replacing an ethylene bridge with a hexylenebridge always decelerates the sol-gel reactions. Adding an …

Modeling And Optimization Of Machining Performance Measures In Face Milling Of Automotive Aluminum Alloy A380 Under Different Lubrication/Cooling Conditions For Sustainable Manufacturing, Abhijit Dilip Kardekar

University of Kentucky Master's Theses

The use of cutting fluids in machining process is very essential for achieving desired machining performance. Due to the strict environmental protection laws now in effect, there is a wide-scale evaluation of the use of cutting fluids in machining. Consequently, minimal quantity lubrication (MQL), which uses very small quantity of cutting fluids and still offers the same functionality as flood cooling, can be considered as an alternative solution. This thesis presents an experimental study of face milling of automotive aluminum alloy A380 under four different lubrication/cooling conditions: dry cutting, flood cooling, MQL (Oil), and MQL (Water). Experiments were design using …

Effects Of Stochastic (Random) Surface Roughness On Hydrodynamic Lubrication Of Deterministic Asperity, Prerit Vyas

University of Kentucky Master's Theses

In order to achieve enhanced and cost-effective performance of engineering components, Surface Engineering embraces traditional and innovative surface technologies which modify the surface properties of metallic and non-metallic engineering components for specific and sometime unique engineering purposes. The surface roughness of an engineered surface may be classified as: the random surface roughness which is a product of surface finishing and the deterministic surface roughness which is engineered to increase the lubrication characteristics of the hydro dynamically lubricated thrust ring. The effect of stochastic/random roughness can not be ignored when the roughness is of the same amplitude as that of fluid …

Experimental And Analytical Study Of Friction Stir Processing, Basil M. Darras

University of Kentucky Master's Theses

Friction stir processing (FSP) has recently become an effective microstructural modifications technique. Reported results showed that for different alloys, FSP produces very fine equiaxed and homogeneous grain structure. FSP is considered to be a new processing technique and more experimental and analytical investigations are needed to advance the industrial utilization of FSP. Most of the work that has been done in the friction stir processing field is experimental and limited modeling activities have been conducted. Attempts to develop a predictive model to correlate the resulting microstructure with process parameters are scarce. In this work, commercial 5052 Aluminum alloy sheets are …

Neural Network Applications In Agricultural Economics, Jianhua Chen

University of Kentucky Doctoral Dissertations

Neural networks have become very important tools in many areas including economic researches. The objectives of this thesis are to examine the fundamental components, concepts and theory of neural network methods from econometric and statistic perspective, with particular focus on econometrically and statistically relevant models. In order to evaluate the relative effectiveness of econometric and neural network methods, two empirical studies are conducted by applying neural network methods in a methodological comparison fashion with traditional econometric models.Both neural networks and econometrics have similar models, common problems of modeling and interference. Neural networks and econometrics/statistics, particularly their discriminant methods, are two …

Effects Of Weight Loss On Visceral Adiposity And Metabolic Adaptations In Diabetic Versus Non-Diabetic Women, Elizabeth C. Konz

University of Kentucky Doctoral Dissertations

Obesity increases the risk for the development of cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes and other co-morbid conditions. Type 2 diabetes also is often associated with excessive visceral abdominal fat. Weight loss in obese individuals decreases the risk for developing the co-morbid conditions. Individuals with type 2 diabetes often have a greater difficulty in controlling these complications compared to individuals without type 2 diabetes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate adherence to a medically-supervised low-energy diet (LED) weight loss program and changes in body composition and metabolic parameters after weight loss in women with and without type 2 diabetes. …

Human Cardiovascular Responses To Artificial Gravity Training, Michael Brian Stenger

University of Kentucky Doctoral Dissertations

Human cardiovascular adaptations to microgravity include decreased plasma volume, exercise capacity, baroreflex function as well as decreased orthostatic tolerance upon return to a gravity environment. Several countermeasures have been proposed and tested, although currently none have been developed to prevent post-spaceflight orthostatic intolerance (OI). Artificial gravity (AG) generated by short-radius centrifugation (SRC) has been proposed as a countermeasure to OI as well as other cardiovascular alterations. Methods: Fifteen men and fourteen women underwent three weeks of daily (5 days a week) exposure to intermittent (1.0 to 2.5 Gz) artificial gravity on a 1.9m human powered centrifuge (HPC) at the NASA …

Studies Of Unusual Packing And Of Polymorphism In Two Crystal Systems, Xiang Hao

University of Kentucky Doctoral Dissertations

Crystal structures of anhydrous pinacol, the hexagonal pinacol, pinacol monohydrate, and pinacol hexahydrate were studied. In all the structures crystal packing is unusual and complicated. The origin of the complexity may be the difficulty in filling space densely and while also satisfying the H-bonding requirements when the molecule has few internal degrees of freedom.

Five 15-crown-5 complexes of M(NO₃)₂ (M = Cu, Zn, Mg, Co, Mn) were synthesized and characterized using X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry. The system is rich in polymorphs. Nine definite solid-state phases were identified. More phases probably exist in the solid state …

Failure Mode Of The Weftless Bead And Evaluation Of Improved Continuous Single Wire Based Bead, Arun Kumar Doradla

University of Kentucky Master's Theses

Weftless Bead design has long been in existence and still used in many passenger car, bus, truck and agriculture tractors. The ideal bead design is a high strength flexible cable with minimal cross section and covered by rubberized nylon, rayon or steel wire side wall. The basic tire bead designs are weftless bead with rubberized ribbon of parallel wires of multiple wound layers and a continuous wire wound in sufficient number of loops to give the required strength. Weftless bead failures generally occur within about 5cm from the end of the overlapping parallel wire ribbon. The cause for this failure …

Modeling, Simulation And Analysis Of Multi-Barge Flotillas Impacting Bridge Piers, Peng Yuan

University of Kentucky Doctoral Dissertations

The current design code governing bridge structure resistance to vessel impact loads in the U.S. is the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials' (AASHTO) Guide Specification and Commentary for Vessel Collision Design of Highway Bridges. The code stipulated method, based on Meir-Dornberg's equivalent static load method, is usually not warranted because of insufficient data on the impact load histories and wide scatter of the impact force values. The AASHTO load equations ignore certain fundamental factors that affect the determination of impact forces and bridge dynamic responses. Some examples of factors that are omitted during standard impact force …

On The Properties And Complexity Of Multicovering Radii, Andrew Eugene Mertz

University of Kentucky Doctoral Dissertations

People rely on the ability to transmit information over channels of communication that aresubject to noise and interference. This makes the ability to detect and recover from errorsextremely important. Coding theory addresses this need for reliability. A fundamentalquestion of coding theory is whether and how we can correct the errors in a message thathas been subjected to interference. One answer comes from structures known as errorcorrecting codes.A well studied parameter associated with a code is its covering radius. The coveringradius of a code is the smallest radius such that every vector in the Hamming space of thecode is contained in …

Three Dimensional Finite Element Modeling Of Pavement Subsurface Drainage Systems, Yinhui Liu

University of Kentucky Doctoral Dissertations

Pavement subsurface drainage systems (PSDS) are designed to drain the entrapped water out of pavement. To investigate the effects of various factors on the performance of PSDS, three dimensional models were developed using the finite element method to simulate the unsaturated drainage process in pavement. The finite element models were calibrated using the field information on outflow, peak flow, layer saturations, and time to drain. Through a series of parametric analyses, the factors that significantly influence the performance of PSDS were screened out, and a set of recommendations were made to improve our current drainage practices.The effects of pavement geometry …

Cfd Modeling Of Heat Recovery Steam Generator And Its Components Using Fluent, Veera Venkata Sunil Kumar Vytla

University of Kentucky Master's Theses

Combined Cycle power plants have recently become a serious alternative for standard coal- and oil-fired power plants because of their high thermal efficiency, environmentally friendly operation, and short time to construct. The combined cycle plant is an integration of the gas turbine and the steam turbine, combining many of the advantages of both thermodynamic cycles using a single fuel. By recovering the heat energy in the gas turbine exhaust and using it to generate steam, the combined cycle leverages the conversion of the fuel energy at a very high efficiency. The heat recovery steam generator forms the backbone of combined …

Cycle-Up Of Multiple Rifting Event Models: How Long Does It Take To Reach A Steady State Stress?, Lokranjith K. Ravi

University of Kentucky Master's Theses

Many geological numerical models are initiated with a background stress state of zero. Often these numerical results are compared directly to geodetic data. Recent work (Kenner and Simons, 2004) has shown that modeled deformation rates can change as the model is cycled-up following repeated earthquakes or rifting events. In this study, we investigate model cycle-up in the context of time-dependent deformation following rifting during the 1975-1984 Krafla eruption in Iceland. We consider the number of rifting cycles required for complete cycle-up, variations in cycle-up time at different locations in the model, background stress magnitudes in fully cycled-up models, and errors …

Nonlinear Transient Finite Element Simulations Of Beam Parametric Response Including Quadratic Damping, Satish N.R. Remala

University of Kentucky Master's Theses

Nonlinear parametric response of a flexible cantilever beam is simulated. In the simulations, lateral response of the beam due to an imposed axial harmonic base displacement excitation is calculated. The response frequency is approximately half the input frequency. The transient simulations include the assumption of damping proportional to the square of the velocity along the beam. Velocity-squared damping is realistic for situations in which fluid forces resisting the structural motion are significant. The commercial finite element software, ANSYS, is used to perform the simulations. A flexible method is developed and implemented in this work, based on the ANSYS Parametric Design …

Optimization Of Machining Performance In Contour Finish Turning Operations, Masaya Hagiwara

University of Kentucky Master's Theses

Unlike straight turning, the effective cutting conditions and tool geometry in contour turning operations are changing with changing workpiece profile. This causes a wide variation in machining performance such as chip flow and chip breakability during the operation. This thesis presents a new methodology for optimizing the machining performance, namely, chip breakability and surface roughness in contour finish turning operations. First, a computer program to calculate the effective cutting conditions and tool geometry along the contour workpiece profile is developed. Second, a methodology to predict the chip side-flow for complex grooved tool inserts is formulated and integrated in the current …

Surface Textures For Enhanced Lubrication: Fabrication And Characterization Techniques, Sriram Venkatesan

University of Kentucky Master's Theses

Theoretical and experimental results show that the performance of a load-bearing surface in hydrodynamic lubrication may be enhanced by engineering a definable surface texture onto the surface. These surface textures are in the form of protrusions (positive asperities) or cavities (negative asperities) of known size and geometry. The benefits of such surface textures include lower friction torque, higher load capacity and lower operating temperatures. This Thesis details a fabrication process to manufacture such surface textures/asperities on flat surfaces. The asperities are fabricated using a UV photolithography process followed by electroplating. A complete surface characterization is done to evaluate the effectiveness …

Implementation And Validation Of Fault Tolerant Control Of A Self-Bearing Motor Considering Open Coil Faults, Anand Ranganathan

University of Kentucky Master's Theses

Self-bearing motor is a magnetic actuator with both bearing and motoring functionality. This work implements and validates a decoupled and fault tolerant control algorithm for the Lorentz self bearing motor containing open phase faults. The goal of the algorithm is to achieve a stable bearing force and motoring torque even with coil faults. This work simulates many non-real-time fault tolerant control models based on the algorithm using simulink. Test cases are designed in simulink and tested on these models to arrive at the best model that could be implemented in dspace for real-time control. The responses of these simulations are …

Role Of Weak Zone Geometry And Rheology In The Generation Of Intraplate Seismicity, Abhishek Joshi

University of Kentucky Master's Theses

In intraplate seismic zones (e.g. the New Madrid Seismic Zone, NMSZ, in the southcentral United States), the source of stress that drives earthquake is very complex. Data from the NMSZ indicate 3 earthquake of magnitude M~7, occurring at an approximate interval of 500 years during the last 2000 years. One hypothesis that satisfies these conditions proposes that short-lived bursts of earthquakes may result from perturbations in the local or regional stress field. This causes relaxation of a lower crustal weak zone which drive repeated earthquakes. The number of earthquakes is dependent on the geometry and rheology of the weak zone. …

Quantification Of Surface Defects Using Primary Highlight In Diffuse Angle Gray Scale Images, Subburengan Ganapathiraman

University of Kentucky Master's Theses

The thesis presented is an effort to gather all possible information of one particular type of common paint defect the seed defect, from gray scale images of highly specular painted surface. The proposed approach in the thesis utilizes a white light source to illuminate the surface and utilizes a camera to capture its gray scale image at different diffused angles. While attempting to explain the physics of highlight formation in terms of location on the surface of a seed defect, the thesis also extends to utilize this information from gray scale images to accurately predict the parameters of seed defects …