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Impacts Of T-Phylloplanin Gene Knockdown And Of Helianthus And Datura Phylloplanins On Peronospora Tabacina Spore Germination And Disease Potential, Antoaneta B. Kroumova, Ryan W. Shepherd, George J. Wagner

Plant and Soil Sciences Faculty Publications

T-phylloplanin proteins secreted to aerial surfaces of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) by short procumbent trichomes inhibit spore germination and blue mold disease caused by the oomycete pathogen Peronospora tabacina. Many other plants were found to contain water-washed leaf surface proteins (phylloplanins), but the functions and properties of these are not known. Here we extend earlier evidence for the antifungal activity of T-phylloplanins using a reverse genetics approach. RNA interference of the T-phylloplanin gene in tobacco ‘T.I. 1068’ resulted in loss of T-phylloplanin mRNA and protein, loss of in vitro spore germination inhibition activity, and leaf infection …

Optical Monitoring System With Molecular Filters, Robert A. Lodder, John Carberry

Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty Patents

An optical monitoring system for determining the constituents of a sample or specimen. An absorption spectrum is obtained from a sample and is passed through one or more filters having a specified absorption spectrum defined by a single atom or a compound. If the filter's absorption spectrum is included in the sample's absorption spectrum, then the sample contains that atom or compound. The apparatus includes a switching assembly that sequentially places one or more filters into the light path to determine if the subject atom or compound is contained in the sample.

Revisiting He-Like X-Ray Emission-Line Plasma Diagnostics, R. L. Porter, Gary J. Ferland

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications

A complete model of helium-like line and continuum emission has been incorporated into the plasma simulation code Cloudy. All elements between He and Zn are treated, any number of levels can be considered, and radiative and collisional processes are included. This includes photoionization from all levels, line transfer, including continuum pumping and destruction by background opacities, scattering, and collisional processes. The model is calculated self-consistently along with the ionization and thermal structure of the surrounding nebula. The result is a complete line and continuum spectrum of the plasma. Here we focus on the ions of the He I sequence and …

The Mid-Infrared Emission Of M87, Eric S. Perlman, R. E. Mason, Christopher Packham, N. A. Levenson, Moshe Elitzur, Justin J. Schaefer, Masatoshi Imanishi, William B. Sparks, James Radomski

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications

We discuss Subaru and Spitzer Space Telescope imaging and spectroscopy of M87 in the mid-infrared (mid-IR) from 5 to 35 μm. These observations allow us to investigate mid-IR emission mechanisms in the core of M87 and to establish that the flaring, variable jet component HST-1 is not a major contributor to the mid-IR flux. The Spitzer data include a high signal-to-noise ratio 15-35 μm spectrum of the knot A/B complex in the jet, which is consistent with synchrotron emission. However, a synchrotron model cannot account for the observed nuclear spectrum, even when contributions from the jet, necessary due …

Evidence About The Potential Role For Affirmative Action In Higher Education, Braz Camargo, Ralph Stinebrickner, Todd Stinebrickner

University of Kentucky Center for Poverty Research Discussion Paper Series

In two recent cases involving the University of Michigan, the Supreme Court examined whether race should be allowed to play an explicit role in the admission decisions of schools. The primary argument in these court cases and others has been that racial diversity strengthens the quality of education offered to all students. Underlying this argument is the notion that educational benefits arise if interactions between students of different races improve preparation for life after college by, among other things, fostering mutual understanding and correcting misperceptions. Then, a fundamental condition necessary for the primary legal argument to be compelling is that …

Neuropathological Findings Processed By Artificial Neural Networks (Anns) Can Perfectly Distinguish Alzheimer's Patients From Controls In The Nun Study, Enzo Grossi, Massimo P. Buscema, David Snowdon, Piero Antuono

Sanders-Brown Center on Aging Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: Many reports have described that there are fewer differences in AD brain neuropathologic lesions between AD patients and control subjects aged 80 years and older, as compared with the considerable differences between younger persons with AD and controls. In fact some investigators have suggested that since neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) can be identified in the brains of non-demented elderly subjects they should be considered as a consequence of the aging process. At present, there are no universally accepted neuropathological criteria which can mathematically differentiate AD from healthy brain in the oldest old. The aim of this study is to discover …

Optically Thick [O I] And [C Ii] Emission Toward Ngc 6334a, N. P. Abel, A. P. Sarma, Thomas H. Troland, Gary J. Ferland

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications

This work focuses on [O I] and [C II] emission toward NGC 6334A, an embedded H⁺ region/PDR only observable at infrared or longer wavelengths. A geometry in which nearly all the emission escapes out the side of the cloud facing the stars, such as Orion, is not applicable to this region. Instead, we find the geometry to be one in which the H⁺ region and associated PDR is embedded in the molecular cloud. Constant-density PDR calculations are presented which predict line intensities as a function of A_V [or N(H)], hydrogen density (n_H), and …

An Investigation Into The Effects Of Luminosity On The Mid-Infrared Spectral Energy Distributions Of Radio-Quiet Quasars, S. C. Gallagher, G. T. Richards, M. Lacy, D. C. Hines, Moshe Elitzur, L. J. Storrie-Lombardi

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications

We present an analysis of the effects of luminosity on the shape of the mid-infrared spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of 234 radio-quiet quasars originally presented by Richards et al. In quasars without evident dust extinction, the spectrally integrated optical and infrared luminosities are linearly correlated over nearly three decades in luminosity. We find a significant (≳99.99\% confidence) correlation between the 1.8-8.0 μm spectral index and infrared luminosity that indicates an enhancement of the mid-infrared continuum with increasing luminosity. Coupled with strong evidence for spectral curvature in more luminous quasars, we conclude that this trend is likely a manifestation of …

Gemini Mid-Ir Polarimetry Of Ngc 1068: Polarized Structures Around The Nucleus, C. Packham, S. Young, S. Fisher, K. Volk, R. Mason, J. H. Hough, P. F. Roche, Moshe Elitzur, J. Radomski, E. Perlman

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications

We present diffraction-limited, 10 μm imaging polarimetry data for the central regions of the archetypal Seyfert active galactic nucleus NGC 1068. The position angle of polarization is consistent with three dominant polarizing mechanisms. We identify three distinct regions of polarization: (1) north of the nucleus, arising from aligned dust in the narrow emission line region, (2) south, east, and west of the nucleus, consistent with dust being channeled toward the central engine, and (3) a central minimum of polarization consistent with a compact (≤22 pc) torus. These observations provide continuity between the geometrically and optically thick torus and the …

Trans-Excision-Splicing Ribozyme And Methods Of Use, Stephen M. Testa, Michael A. Bell

Chemistry Faculty Patents

A group I intron-derived ribozyme which binds RNA in trans, excises an internal segment from within the RNA, and splices the remaining 5′ and 3′ ends of the RNA back together (the trans-excision-splicing reaction) is disclosed. The excised segment can be as long as 28 nucleotides, or more, and as little as one nucleotide. The ribozymes of the invention are easily modified to alter their sequence specificity. Such ribozymes represent a new and potentially powerful class of generally adaptable genetic therapeutics.

Determination Of The Physical Conditions Of The Knots In The Helix Nebula From Optical And Infrared Observations, C. R. O'Dell, W. J. Henney, Gary J. Ferland

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications

We use new Hubble Space Telescope and archived images to clarify the nature of the ubiquitous knots in the Helix Nebula, which are variously estimated to contain a significant to majority fraction of the material ejected by its central star. We employ published far-infrared spectrophotometry and existing 2.12 μm images to establish that the population distribution of the lowest rovibrational states of H2 is close to the distribution of a gas in local thermodynamic equilibrium at 988 ± 119 K. In addition, we present calculations that show that the weakness of the H₂ 0-0 S(7) line is not …

A Photon Dominated Region Code Comparison Study, M. Röllig, Nicholas Paul Abel, T. Bell, F. Bensch, J. Black, Gary J. Ferland, B. Jonkheid, I. Kamp, M. J. Kaufman, J. Le Bourlot, F. Le Petit, R. Meijerink, O. Morata, V. Ossenkopf, E. Roueff, Gargi Shaw, M. Spaans, A. Sternberg, J. Stutzki, W.-F. Thi, E. F. Van Dishoeck, P. A. M. Van Hoof, S. Viti, M. G. Wolfire

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications

Aims. We present a comparison between independent computer codes, modeling the physics and chemistry of interstellar photon dominated regions (PDRs). Our goal was to understand the mutual differences in the PDR codes and their effects on the physical and chemical structure of the model clouds, and to converge the output of different codes to a common solution.

Methods. A number of benchmark models have been created, covering low and high gas densities n = 10³,10^5.5 cm^-3 and far ultraviolet intensities χ = 10, 10⁵ in units of the Draine field (FUV: 6 < h_ν < 13.6 eV). The benchmark models were computed in two ways: one set assuming constant temperatures, thus testing the consistency of the chemical network and photo-processes, and a second set determining the temperature self consistently by solving the thermal balance, thus testing the modeling of the heating and cooling mechanisms accounting for the detailed energy balance throughout the clouds.

Results. …

"Things That Lie On The Surface:" Modernism, Impersonality, And Emotional Inexpressibility, Rochelle Rives

disClosure: A Journal of Social Theory

No abstract provided.

Dust And Pah Emission In The Star-Forming Active Nucleus Of Ngc 1097, R. E. Mason, N. A. Levenson, C. Packham, Moshe Elitzur, J. Radomski, A. O. Petric, G. S. Wright

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications

The nucleus of the nearby galaxy NGC 1097 is known to host a young, compact (r < 9 pc) nuclear star cluster, as well as a low-luminosity active galactic nucleus (AGN). It has been suggested both that the nuclear stellar cluster is associated with a dusty torus and that low-luminosity AGNs like NGC 1097 do not have the torus predicted by the unified model of AGNs. To investigate these contradictory possibilities we have acquired Gemini/T-ReCS 11.7 and 18.3 μm images of the central few hundred parsecs of this galaxy at <45 pc angular resolution, in which the nucleus and spectacular, kiloparsec-scale star-forming ring are detected in both bands. The small-scale mid-IR luminosity implies thermal emission from warm dust close to the central engine. Fitting of torus models shows that the observed mid-IR emission cannot be accounted for by dust heated by the central engine. Rather, the principal source heating the dust in this object is the nuclear star cluster itself, suggesting that the detected dust is not the torus of AGN unified schemes (although it is also possible that the dusty starburst itself could provide the obscuration invoked by the unified model). Comparison of Spitzer IRS and Gemini GNIRS spectra shows that, although PAH bands are strong in the immediate circumnuclear region of the galaxy, PAH emission is weak or absent in the central 19 pc. The lack of PAH emission can probably be explained largely by destruction/ionization of PAH molecules by hard photons from the nuclear star cluster. If NGC 1097 is typical, PAH emission bands may not be a useful tool with which …

Subdivision Surface-Based Geometric Modeling System, Fuhua Cheng

Computer Science Faculty Patents

A method for surface modeling of images to produce realistic images or to provide simulations with accurate surface information is provided. More particularly, the present invention relates to a new subdivision depth computation technique and to an improved label-driven adaptive subdivision technique for use in Catmull-Clark subdivision surface modeling systems. The method comprises computing a subdivision depth to determine the number of recursive subdivisions which may be performed on a control mesh to generate a plurality of finer mesh elements while preserving a predetermined error tolerance, and using the computed subdivision depth to construct an adaptively refined mesh that is …

A Magnetically Supported Photodissociation Region In M17, E. W. Pellegrini, J. A. Baldwin, C. L. Brogan, M. M. Hanson, N. P. Abel, Gary J. Ferland, H. B. Nemala, G. Shaw, Thomas H. Troland

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications

The southwestern (SW) part of the Galactic H II region M17 contains an obscured ionization front that is most easily seen at infrared and radio wavelengths. It is nearly edge-on, thus offering an excellent opportunity to study the way in which the gas changes from fully ionized to molecular as radiation from the ionizing stars penetrates into the gas. M17 is also one of the very few H II regions for which the magnetic field strength can be measured in the photodissociation region ( PDR) that forms the interface between the ionized and molecular gas. Here we model an observed …

Poster Session, Kentucky Water Resources Research Institute, University Of Kentucky

Kentucky Water Resources Annual Symposium

• Identification of potential bacterial sources and levels, Red Duck Creek, Mayfield, Kentucky, Brooke Vorbeck, Travis Martin, and Mike Kemp, Dept of Industrial and Engineering Technology, Murray State University
• Water-quality trend analysis for streams in Kentucky, A.S. Crain and G.R. Martin, USGS, Louisville
• Preliminary Results of a Fecal Microbe Survey in a Eutrophic Lake, Wilgreen Lake, Madison County, Kentucky, W.S. Borowski and M.S. Albright, Depts of Earth Sciences and Geography, EKU
• Preliminary Physical and Chemical Characteristics of an Eutrophic Lake, Wilgreen Lake, Madison County, Kentucky, E.C. Jolly and W.S. Borowski, Dept of Earth Sciences, EKU
• Lethal and …

Session 2d: Superfund, Kentucky Water Resources Research Institute, University Of Kentucky

Kentucky Water Resources Annual Symposium

• Challenges and Opportunities in Working Directly with Affected Superfund Communities in Kentucky, Lisa Gaetke, Nutrition and Food Science, UK
• Selected Chloro-Organic Detoxifications by Poly-Chelate (polyacrylic acid) and Citrate-Based Fenton Reaction at Neutral pH Environment, YongChao Li, L. G. Bachas, and Dibakar Bhattacharyya, Depts of Chemical & Materials Engineering and Chemisty, UK
• Reductive Degradation of Cholorinated Organics by Membrane-Supported Nonoparticles, Jian Xu and Dibakar Bhattacharyya, Dept of Chemical & Materials Engineering, UK

Session 2c: Education/Outreach, Kentucky Water Resources Research Institute, University Of Kentucky

Kentucky Water Resources Annual Symposium

• 5 Stars, 15 Students, and 5000 Trees, A.A. Gumbert and others, Extension Associate for Environmental and Natural Resource Issues, UK
• The Water Pioneers Water Quality Initiative, Stephanie Jenkins, Doug McLaren, Blake Newton, Amanda Abnee, UK
• Local and State Partnership for MS4 Success in Kentucky – Coordinated Communication, Education and Outreach, C.D. McCormick and Shelby Jett, FMSM Engineers, Louisville and Kentucky Transportation Cabinet
• Illicit Discharge Detection and Elimination: A Challenge for Kentucky’s Stormwater Program Cities, B. Tonning, R. Walker, and J. Arnold, Tetra Tech, Lexington

Session 2b: Goundwater, Kentucky Water Resources Research Institute, University Of Kentucky

Kentucky Water Resources Annual Symposium

• Kentucky Groundwater-Quality Mapping Service, R.S. Fisher and Bart Davidson, KGS
• Kentucky Groundwater-Quality Data Search Engine, Bart Davidson and R.S. Fisher, KGS
• Water Quality in the Karst Terrane of the Sinking Creek Basin, Kentucky 2004-06, Angela S. Crain, USGS, Louisville
• Salt Movement Through the Vadose Zone of a Karst Soil – First Experiences with a Transfer Function Approach, Ole Wendroth and others, Dept Plant and Soil Sciences, UK

Session 2a: Surface Water, Kentucky Water Resources Research Institute, University Of Kentucky

Kentucky Water Resources Annual Symposium

• Development and Application of a New Sediment Fingerprinting Methodology for the Commonwealth of Kentucky, Charles Davis and Jimmy Fox, Dept of Civil Engineering, UK
• Accounting for Construction Stormwater in TMDL Development for Sediment Impaired Streams in Rapidly Growing Residential Areas, Jon Ludwig and John Bekman, Tetra Tech, and David Montali, WVDEP
• Responses of Riparian Plant Diversity to Gradients in Flood Frequency and Severity, Patrick Lawless and Jimmy Fox, Depts of Geography and Civil Engineering, UK

Session 1d: Biology, Kentucky Water Resources Research Institute, University Of Kentucky

Kentucky Water Resources Annual Symposium

• Long-Term Assessments and Seasonal Variations of Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) in Water, Sediments, Floodplain Soils, and Sentinel Fish Species from Big and Little Bayou Creeks, McCracken County, Kentucky, D.J. Price, Dept of Biology, UK
• Characterization of total dissolved solids (TDS) toxicity to Ceriodaphnia dubia associated with effluent discharges from a meat packaging industry, Agus Sofyan and David Price, Dept of Biology, UK
• Wilson Creek Restoration and the Response in Food Web Function and Fish Community Structure, Wesley Daniel and Jeff Jack, Dept of Biology and Center for Environmental Science, U of L

Session 1c: Epscor Projects, Kentucky Water Resources Research Institute, University Of Kentucky

Kentucky Water Resources Annual Symposium

• Colloidal Arsenic in Poultry-Litter Amended Soils, Lisa Y. Blue and others, Dept of Chemistry, UK
• Environmental Monitoring and Assessment of Arsenic Metal in Groundwater Samples from Ballard, Carlisle, and Graves Counties, Kentucky, H.B. Fannin and others, Dept of Chemistry, Murray State University
• Environmental Monitoring and Assessment of the Groundwater Quality in Calloway County, Kentucky, Dan Kotter and others, KGS, Henderson, KY
• Land-Use Effects on Water Quality Within Lower Howard Creek Watershed, Southwestern Clark County, Kentucky, S.D. Daugherty and J.S. Dinger, Dept Earth & Environmental Sciences and KGS, UK

Session 1b: Student Research Projects, Kentucky Water Resources Research Institute, University Of Kentucky

Kentucky Water Resources Annual Symposium

• Experimental Study of the Impact of Upland Sediment Supply upon Cohesive Streambank Erosion Part I: Fluid Turbulence, Brian Belcher and Jimmy Fox, Dept of Civil Engineering, UK
• Toward Using a Three-Dimensional Numerical Model for Simulating Hydrodynamics Near a Dam for Constructing the Rating Curve, Z.S. Shao and S.A. Yost, Dept of Civil Engineering, UK
• Property Taxation and Forest Fragmentation in Kentucky Watersheds, Scott Brodbeck and Tamara Cushing, Dept of Forestry, UK
• Solute and Particle Tracer Movement Under Various Flow Conditions in a Karst Groundwater Basin, Inner Bluegrass Region, Kentucky, J.W. Ward and others, Dept Earth and …

Session 1a: Microbial Source Tracking, Kentucky Water Resources Research Institute, University Of Kentucky

Kentucky Water Resources Annual Symposium

• Detecting Multiple Source Origins from Fecal Bacteria Antibiotic Resistance Patterns, Sloane Ritchey and M.S. Coyne, Environmental Research Institute, EKU and Dept of Plant and Soil Sciences, UK
• Microbial Source Tracking; Limits and Application, Steve Evans, Third Rock Consultants, Lexington
• Triplett Creek Focus Study, Brian Reeder and April Haight, Institute for Regional Analysis and Public Policy, Morehead State University

Proceedings Of 2007 Kentucky Water Resources Annual Symposium, Kentucky Water Resources Research Institute, University Of Kentucky

Kentucky Water Resources Annual Symposium

This conference was planned and conducted as part of the state water resources research annual program with the support and collaboration of the Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey and the University of Kentucky Research Foundation, under Grant Agreement Number 06HQGR0087.

The views and conclusions contained in this document and presented at the symposium are those of the abstract authors and presenters and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies, either expressed or implied, of the U.S. Government or other symposium organizers and sponsors.

Agricultural Lime Recommendations Based On Lime Quality, Greg Schwab, Lloyd W. Murdock, David C. Ditsch, Monroe Rasnake, Frank J. Sikora, Wilbur Frye

Agriculture and Natural Resources Publications

Soil acidity is one of the most important soil factors affecting crop growth and ultimately, yield and profitability. It is determined by measuring the soil pH, which is a measure of the amount of hydrogen ions in the soil solution. As soil acidity increases, the soil pH decreases. Soils tend to be naturally acidic in areas where rainfall is sufficient to cause substantial leaching of basic ions (such as calcium and magnesium), which are replaced by hydrogen ions. Most soils in Kentucky are naturally acidic because of our abundant rainfall. Some nitrogen fertilizers are also a source of soil acidity, …

He I Emission In The Orion Nebula And Implications For Primordial Helium Abundance, R. L. Porter, Gary J. Ferland, K. B. Macadam

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications

We apply a recently developed theoretical model of helium emission to observations of both the Orion Nebula and a sample of extragalactic H II regions. In the Orion analysis, we eliminate some weak and blended lines and compare theory and observation for our reduced line list. With our best theoretical model we find an average difference between theoretical and observed intensities (I_pred/I_obs-1)=6.5%. We argue that both the red and blue ends of the spectrum may have been inadequately corrected for reddening. For the 22 highest quality lines, with 3499 Å≤λ≤6678 Å, our best model …

How I Produced Nationally Award Winning Alfalfa Hay, Rick Alexander

Kentucky Alfalfa and Stored Forage Conference

No abstract provided.

Roundup Ready Alfalfa: Results After One Year On The Market, S. Ray Smith

Kentucky Alfalfa and Stored Forage Conference

Roundup Ready alfalfa has now been on the market for over a year with close to 30 varieties available or soon to be available across the U.S. This technology provides many new options for alfalfa producers in Kentucky. Several people have asked us which variety is highest yielding and unfortunately we have not been able to provide a good answer. The technology is so new (just approved fall 2005) that few of these varieties have been entered into University yield trials. Companies do have some private data, but they often don’t compare to the varieties you are familiar with. So …