Digital Commons Network^™

Restoring Rangelands For Nutrition And Health For Humans And Livestock, I. Öborn, A. Bargués Tobella, G. Bostedt, A. Hörnell, P. Knutsson, K. Lindvall, D. Mpairwe, S. Mureithi, G. Nyberg, Y. Nyberg, B. Schumann, A. Turinawe, T. Vågen, D. Wakjira, L. Winowiecki, E. Wredle

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Drylands cover 40% of the global land area and host 2 billion people, of which 90% live in low- or middleincome countries. Drylands often face severe land degradation, low agricultural productivity, rapid population growth, widespread poverty, and poor health. Governance structures and institutions are often eroded. Livestock-based livelihoods, largely depending on seasonal migration are common. Pastoralist communities and their land are highly vulnerable to climate shocks, while there are also changes in land tenure, insecurity/conflicts and rapid infrastructure development. Drylands Transform is an interdisciplinary research project revolving around the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The project aim is to contribute …

Recent Advances Of Wind-Solar Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems For Power Generation: A Review, Pranoy Roy, Jiangbiao He, Tiefu Zhao, Yash Veer Singh

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

A hybrid renewable energy source (HRES) consists of two or more renewable energy sources, such as wind turbines and photovoltaic systems, utilized together to provide increased system efficiency and improved stability in energy supply to a certain degree. The objective of this study is to present a comprehensive review of wind-solar HRES from the perspectives of power architectures, mathematical modeling, power electronic converter topologies, and design optimization algorithms. Since the uncertainty of HRES can be reduced further by including an energy storage system, this paper presents several hybrid energy storage system coupling technologies, highlighting their major advantages and disadvantages. Various …

Unpacking The Behavioural Components And Delivery Features Of Early Childhood Obesity Prevention Interventions In The Topchild Collaboration: A Systematic Review And Intervention Coding Protocol, Brittany J. Johnson, Kylie E. Hunter, Rebecca K. Golley, Paul Chadwick, Angie Barba, Mason Aberoumand, Sol Libesman, Lisa Askie, Rachael W. Taylor, Kristy P. Robledo, Seema Mihrshahi, Denise A. O'Connor, Alison J. Hayes, Luke Wolfenden, Charles T. Wood, Louise A. Baur, Chris Rissel, Lukas P. Staub, Sarah Taki, Wendy Smith, Ana Maria Linares

Nursing Faculty Publications

INTRODUCTION: Little is known about how early (eg, commencing antenatally or in the first 12 months after birth) obesity prevention interventions seek to change behaviour and which components are or are not effective. This study aims to (1) characterise early obesity prevention interventions in terms of target behaviours, delivery features and behaviour change techniques (BCTs), (2) explore similarities and differences in BCTs used to target behaviours and (3) explore effectiveness of intervention components in preventing childhood obesity.

METHODS AND ANALYSIS: Annual comprehensive systematic searches will be performed in Epub Ahead of Print/MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane (CENTRAL), CINAHL, PsycINFO, as well as …

A Muscle Cell-Macrophage Axis Involving Matrix Metalloproteinase 14 Facilitates Extracellular Matrix Remodeling With Mechanical Loading, Bailey D. Peck, Kevin A. Murach, R. Grace Walton, Alexander J. Simmons, Douglas E. Long, Kate Kosmac, Cory M. Dungan, Philip A. Kern, Marcas M. Bamman, Charlotte A. Peterson

Center for Muscle Biology Faculty Publications

The extracellular matrix (ECM) in skeletal muscle plays an integral role in tissue development, structural support, and force transmission. For successful adaptation to mechanical loading, remodeling processes must occur. In a large cohort of older adults, transcriptomics revealed that genes involved in ECM remodeling, including matrix metalloproteinase 14 (MMP14), were the most upregulated following 14 weeks of progressive resistance exercise training (PRT). Using single-cell RNA-seq, we identified macrophages as a source of Mmp14 in muscle following a hypertrophic exercise stimulus in mice. In vitro contractile activity in myotubes revealed that the gene encoding cytokine leukemia inhibitory factor ( …

A Muscle Cell-Macrophage Axis Involving Matrix Metalloproteinase 14 Facilitates Extracellular Matrix Remodeling With Mechanical Loading, Bailey D. Peck, Kevin A. Murach, R. Grace Walton, Alexander J. Simmons, Douglas E. Long, Kate Kosmac, Cory M. Dungan, Philip A. Kern, Marcas M. Bamman, Charlotte A. Peterson

Center for Muscle Biology Faculty Publications

The extracellular matrix (ECM) in skeletal muscle plays an integral role in tissue development, structural support, and force transmission. For successful adaptation to mechanical loading, remodeling processes must occur. In a large cohort of older adults, transcriptomics revealed that genes involved in ECM remodeling, including matrix metalloproteinase 14 (MMP14), were the most upregulated following 14 weeks of progressive resistance exercise training (PRT). Using single-cell RNA-seq, we identified macrophages as a source of Mmp14 in muscle following a hypertrophic exercise stimulus in mice. In vitro contractile activity in myotubes revealed that the gene encoding cytokine leukemia inhibitory factor ( …

Short Chain Fatty Acids Taken At Time Of Thrombectomy In Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients Are Independent Of Stroke Severity But Associated With Inflammatory Markers And Worse Symptoms At Discharge, Nicholas Henry, Jacqueline A. Frank, Christopher J. Mclouth, Amanda L. Trout, Andrew J. Morris, Jianzhong Chen, Ann M. Stowe, Justin F. Fraser, Keith R. Pennypacker

Behavioral Science Faculty Publications

Introduction: Short chain fatty acids (SCFA) are gut microbiota-derived metabolites that contribute to the gut-brain axis and may impact stroke outcomes following gut dysbiosis. We evaluated plasma SCFA concentrations against stroke severity parameters and identified SCFA-associated protein networks.

Methods: The Blood and Clot Thrombectomy Registry and Collaboration (BACTRAC), a continuously enrolling tissue bank, was used to obtain stroke samples. Arterial blood distal and proximal to the thrombus was obtained from Acute Ischemic Stroke (AIS) Patients (n=53) during thrombectomy. Patient demographics, stroke presentation and outcome parameters were reported. The SCFAs were isolated from proximal plasma via chemical derivatization UHPLC coupled tandem …

Atomistic Engineering Of Phonons In Functional Oxide Heterostructures, Seung Gyo Jeong, Ambrose Seo, Woo Seok Choi

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications

Engineering of phonons, that is, collective lattice vibrations in crystals, is essential for manipulating physical properties of materials such as thermal transport, electron-phonon interaction, confinement of lattice vibration, and optical polarization. Most approaches to phonon-engineering have been largely limited to the high-quality heterostructures of III–V compound semiconductors. Yet, artificial engineering of phonons in a variety of materials with functional properties, such as complex oxides, will yield unprecedented applications of coherent tunable phonons in future quantum acoustic devices. In this study, artificial engineering of phonons in the atomic-scale SrRuO₃/SrTiO₃ superlattices is demonstrated, wherein tunable phonon modes are observed …

Assessment Of Climate Events In Changma Season (Korean Monsoon) For Production Trend Of Sorghum-Sudangrass Hybrid (Sorghum Bicolor L.) In The Central Inland Regions Of Korea Using Time Series Analysis, M. Kim, J. Y. Kim, M. H. Jo, K. Sung, H. Jo

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

This study aimed to assess the impact of climate events in the Changma (Korean Monsoon) season on the production trend of sorghum-sudangrass hybrid (SSH) in central inland regions using time series analysis. The dataset in Suwon from 1988–2013 (n = 388) was generated by merging SSH data and climate data. The accumulated temperature (SHAT, ℃), rainfall amount (SHRA, mm) and sunshine duration (SHSD, hr) from seeding to harvesting were used to assess their impact on the trend of dry matter yield (DMY, kg/ha) for SSH. Furthermore, heavy rainfall (HRF) and typhoons (TPH) were considered as climate events. As a result, …

Coordinated Speech Therapy, Physiotherapy, And Pharmaceutical Care Telehealth For People With Parkinson Disease In Rural Communities: An Exploratory, 8-Week Cohort Study For Feasibility, Safety, And Signal Of Efficacy, Mary Jo Cooley Hidecker, Merrill R. Landers, Annalisa Piccorelli, Erin Bush, Reshmi Singh

Communication Sciences and Disorders Faculty Publications

Introduction: The potential for coordinated, multidisciplinary telehealth to help connect people with Parkinson disease (PD) in rural areas to PD specialists is crucial in optimizing care. Therefore, this study aimed to test the feasibility, safety, and signal of efficacy of a coordinated telehealth program, consisting of speech therapy, physiotherapy, and pharmaceutical care, for people with PD living in some rural US communities.

Methods: Fifteen individuals with PD living in rural Wyoming and Nevada, USA, participated in this single-cohort, 8-week pilot study. Participants were assessed before and after 8 weeks of coordinated, one-on-one telehealth using the following outcomes: (1) …

Associations Between Feeding Behaviors Collected From An Automated Milk Feeder And Neonatal Calf Diarrhea In Group Housed Dairy Calves: A Case-Control Study, Meridith H. Conboy, Charlotte B. Winder, Melissa C. Cantor, Joao H. C. Costa, Michael A. Steele, Catalina Medrano-Galarza, Taika E. Von Konigslow, Amanda Kerr, Dave L. Renaud

Animal and Food Sciences Faculty Publications

The objective of this case-control study was to determine if feeding behavior data collected from an automated milk feeder (AMF) could be used to predict neonatal calf diarrhea (NCD) in the days surrounding diagnosis in pre-weaned group housed dairy calves. Data were collected from two research farms in Ontario between 2017 and 2020 where calves fed using an AMF were health scored daily and feeding behavior data (milk intake (mL/d), drinking speed (mL/min), number of rewarded or unrewarded visits) was collected. Calves with NCD were pair matched to healthy controls (31 pairs) by farm, gender, and age at case diagnosis …

Combined Driving: Task-Specific Position Impacts Grip Strength Of Equestrian Athletes, Michaela M. Keener, Kimberly I. Tumlin, Nicholas R. Heebner

Athletic Training and Clinical Nutrition Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: Loss of hand strength is a predictor of mortality in aging populations. Despite reliance on the hands to participate in equestrian driving activity, no existing studies focus on associations of hand strength to athletic performance. Therefore, this study 1) established baseline handgrip of equestrian combined drivers in standing and task-specific positions, 2) determined endurance of task-specific handgrip, 3) compared handgrip strength to normative data, and 4) evaluated associations of handgrip and equestrian-specific variables.

METHODS: There were 51 combined drivers (9 males, 42 females) ages 21-78 who completed a survey, standing handgrip, and grip strength and endurance in a task-specific …

Patients’ Openness To Discussing Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator Deactivation At End Of Life: A Cross-Sectional Study, Kyoung Suk Lee, Oonjee Oh, Jennifer Miller, Muna Hassan Hammash, David R. Thompson, Chantal F. Ski, Jan Cameron, Seon Young Hwang, Debra K. Moser

Nursing Faculty Publications

Aims It is recommended that patients and clinicians discuss end-of-life deactivation of their implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) prior to device implantation and throughout the illness trajectory to facilitate shared decision-making. However, such discussions rarely occur, and little is known about patients’ openness to this discussion. The purpose of this study was to explore factors associated with patients’ openness to discussing end-of-life ICD deactivation with clinicians. Methods and results This cross-sectional study recruited 293 patients with an ICD from outpatient clinics in the USA, Australia, and South Korea. Patients were classified into an open or resistant group based on their desire …

Transforming Science Into Practice, Janice Jiggins

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The space for action that might move agricultural systems toward sustainability is narrowing. In so far as increasing dis-order in agroecosystems and food systems is caused by human agency, then remedial action must take account of cognition. This article argues that an understanding of cognitive processes is essential, as the foundation for participatory R, D & E that builds platforms of cooperation, binding actors into communities of learning that are trasnforming both science and practice.

Technology Transfer And Education Training And Extension In Grassland Farming, K. G. Rickert

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Stakeholders in grassland farming, including farmers, rural communities, urban consumers, politicians, educators, and service agencies, widely agree that the goal for grassland farming is the triple bottom line: farming systems that are ecologically sustainable, profitable and socially acceptable. This paper considers how extension and training might contribute to that worthy goal by encouraging practitioners to better manage their management environment. The notion of a management environment refers to a holistic consideration of those factors that impact on farmers, farm advisors or educators, that subset of grassland farming ‘practitioners’ within the wider range of stakeholders.

The difficulty faced by these practitioners …

Application Of Deep Neural Networks To Distribution System State Estimation And Forecasting, James P. Carmichael, Yuan Liao

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

Classical neural networks such as feedforward multi-layer perceptron models (MLPs) are well established as universal approximators and as such, show promise in applications such as static state estimation in power transmission systems. The dynamic nature of distributed generation (i.e. solar and wind), vehicle to grid technology (V2G) and false data injection attacks (FDIAs), may pose significant challenges to the application of classical MLPs to state estimation (SE) and state forecasting (SF) in power distribution systems. This paper investigates the application of conventional neural networks (MLPs) and deep learning based models such as convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and long-short term networks …

Application Of Deep Neural Networks To Distribution System State Estimation And Forecasting, James P. Carmichael, Yuan Liao

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

Classical neural networks such as feedforward multi-layer perceptron models (MLPs) are well established as universal approximators and as such, show promise in applications such as static state estimation in power transmission systems. The dynamic nature of distributed generation (i.e. solar and wind), vehicle to grid technology (V2G) and false data injection attacks (FDIAs), may pose significant challenges to the application of classical MLPs to state estimation (SE) and state forecasting (SF) in power distribution systems. This paper investigates the application of conventional neural networks (MLPs) and deep learning based models such as convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and long-short term networks …

Results With Methods For Measuring Herbage Mass In Situ, G. Nagy, I. Vinczeffy, K. Petõ

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Two indirect methods for estimating herbage mass in situ were investigated in a research programme. Electric capacitance and spectral reflectance measurements were made and estimated values were compared with cut herbage mass results. Vegetation indexes (VI) measured by spectroradiometer showed a high correlation with fresh herbage mass, but there was no correlation observed between VI and dry matter results. Equations installed in electric capacitance meter were not feasible for Hungarian conditions. The change of electric capacitance in the sward (CMR) gave no correlation with cut DM yields. The investigated indirect methods are not suitable for research or production use yet.

Adoption And Influence: Industry Evaluation Of The GrassgroTm Decision Support Tool, E. M. Salmon, A. D. Moore

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The GrassGro Decision Support tool (DS tool) (Donnelly and Moore, 1999) was released for commercial use in Australia with a training package in late 1997. An assessment of its adoption was made by a survey of 53 registered users in March 1999. An evaluation of the software and training package was made at training workshops by 92 users between 1997 and December 1999. The response rates to the survey and the evaluation were 62% and 82% respectively. Seventy six percent of survey respondents had analysed at least one problem with GrassGro and 27% had applied GrassGro to five or more …

Developing A National Alfalfa Information System, David B. Hannaway, K. J. Hannaway, P. Sohn, S. Griffith, B. E. Avery, E. Nowick, W. F. Wedin, L. R. Vough, S. C. Bosworth, Garry D. Lacefield, Gary E. Bates, D. Undersander, N. P. Martin, J. Caddel, G. L. Kilgore, S. B. Orloff, A. M. Gray, R. Ditterline, T. Griggs, D. H. Putnam, M. J. Ottman

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Using state-of-the-art telecommunication technologies, this project is developing a comprehensive knowledge resource for alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.); the National Alfalfa Information System (NAIS). This project will serve as an improved model for Extension educational programs. Alfalfa is the most important forage crop in the USA and grown worldwide for feeding millions of livestock and in many cropping systems. As a legume, it is important in sustaining the environment and the productivity of agriculture. Information needs are present in every state and internationally. The NAIS is being developed through national and international cooperation, putting the best science-based alfalfa information and …

Tracking Sentiments Toward Fat Acceptance Over A Decade On Twitter, Sadie Bograd, Benjamin Chen, Ramakanth Kavuluru

Internal Medicine Faculty Publications

The fat acceptance (FA) movement aims to counteract weight stigma and discrimination against individuals who are overweight/obese. We developed a supervised neural network model to classify sentiment toward the FA movement in tweets and identify links between FA sentiment and various Twitter user characteristics. We collected any tweet containing either “fat acceptance” or “#fatacceptance” from 2010–2019 and obtained 48,974 unique tweets. We independently labeled 2000 of them and implemented/trained an Average stochastic gradient descent Weight-Dropped Long Short-Term Memory (AWD-LSTM) neural network that incorporates transfer learning from language modeling to automatically identify each tweet’s stance toward the FA movement. Our model …

Sensory Processing Abnormalities In Community-Dwelling Older Adults With Cognitive Impairment: A Mixed Methods Study, Elizabeth K. Rhodus, Elizabeth G. Hunter, Graham D. Rowles, Shoshana H. Bardach, Kelly Parsons, Justin M. Barber, Maryellen Thompson, Gregory A. Jicha

Sanders-Brown Center on Aging Faculty Publications

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia often leads to behavioral and psychiatric symptoms of dementia (BPSD). Sensory processing abnormalities may be associated with BPSD. The purpose of this study was to explore relationships among sensory processing, behavior, and environmental features within the homes of people with MCI or dementia. This project used mixed methods to assess participants’ sensory processing, care partner perspectives on behaviors, and in situ observations of the home environment. Nine participants with cognitive impairment (MCI n = 8, early dementia = 1) and their care partners were included. Seven participants with cognitive impairment were reported to have …

Remote Sensing Application To Grassland Monitoring, Z. B. Nan

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Application of remote sensing to the management of grassland resources, the role this plays in developing sustainable grassland farming systems and opportunities for further development are outlined. Use of remote sensing technologies in grassland monitoring has a history of more than 30 years. Both fine- and coarse-grained remote sensing techniques are used to monitor and study grasslands. Fine-grained techniques are used to study landscape scale processes through the use of sensors providing spatial resolution of a few meters, whereas coarse-grained techniques are used to study catchment scale areas, and even entire biomes, using satellite-based sensors with a spatial resolution of …

Language Interfaces In Adult Heritage Language Acquisition: A Study On Encoding Of Nominal Reference In Mandarin Chinese As A Heritage Language, Jing Jin, Sihui Echo Ke, John Chi-Kin Lee

Modern and Classical Languages, Literatures and Cultures Faculty Publications

According to the Interface Hypothesis in the field of bilingualism, the interface connecting a linguistic module with a language-external domain (e.g., syntax-discourse) will present prolonged difficulties for adult bilingual learners, as compared with the interface connecting language-internal modules (e.g., syntax-semantics). This study tested whether the Interface Hypothesis is applicable to the acquisition of Mandarin Chinese as a heritage language. An internet-based acceptability judgment task (AJT) was administered to 58 advanced and intermediate adult Chinese heritage speakers to collect data in accuracy and reaction time to investigate the adult heritage speakers’ mastery of referential nominal expressions regulated at the syntax-semantics and …

De-Intensification Of Grasslands: Current State And Trends, Michael Duru, Bernard Hubert

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

De-intensified use of grasslands, and more generally of the livestock systems they support, has been triggered by a growing sensitivity of citizens to environmental quality (nitrogen) and quality of animal products, and by the warnings addressed to political authorities by scientists about the environmental consequences of economic imbalances (decreasing biodiversity, drop in soil fertility, greenhouse effect), and in particular of food overproduction in Europe.

From an ecological standpoint, grassland de-intensification must be envisaged whenever the techniques implemented disrupt resource sustainability. The grassland resource itself may be at risk when a rate of vegetation offtake by herbivores that is incompatible with …

Gadolinium Enrichment In Association With The Magnetic Fraction Of 1 Fly Ash: Real Or An Illusion?, James C. Hower, John G. Groppo, Dali Qian, Nicolas J. Briot, Tonya D. Morgan, Shelley D. Hopps, Elizabeth Cantando

Coal Combustion and Gasification Products Journal Archive

Gadolinium, and possibly praseodymium, are relatively enriched in the magnetic 24 fractions of Class F fly ashes from Central Appalachian coal sources. Although the enrichment is 25 evident in the inductively coupled plasma–atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) 26 determinations of the rare earth content, transmission electron microscopy–energy dispersive x-27 ray spectroscopy (TEM-EDS) examination of the fly ash fails to show the sites of the Gd or Pr. 28 This apparent lack of correlation could be due to the inability of the EDS to detect low 29 concentrations of the rare earth elements definitively; interferences in the analytics, leading to 30 false …

A Study Of Underrepresented Minorities In An Informal Stem Experience, Rachel Rogers

Theses and Dissertations--Education Sciences

According to labor market data, there is core cognitive knowledge, skills, and abilities associated with STEM education that are in demand in not just STEM fields, but all areas of the workforce (Carnevale, Smith, & Melton, 2011; Rothwell, 2013). During the period from 2005 until 2015, STEM professions grew by 24.4% (Noonan, 2017). During this time, populations such as minorities continued to show a gap in their representation in STEM (Noonan, 2017). To effectively examine how to increase the rate of URM student success in STEM, more research is needed on the factors that might contribute to minority STEM interest, …

Quantitative Sustainable Design (Qsd) For The Prioritization Of Research, Development, And Deployment Of Technologies: A Tutorial And Review, Yalin Li, John T. Trimmer, Steven Hand, Xinyi Zhang, Katherine G. Chambers, Hannah A. C. Lohman, Rui Shi, Diana M. Byrne, Sherri M. Cook, Jeremy S. Guest

UK CARES Faculty Publications

The pursuit of sustainability has catalyzed broad investment in the research, development, and deployment (RD&D) of innovative water, sanitation, and resource recovery technologies, yet the lack of transparent and agile methodologies to navigate the expansive landscape of technology development pathways remains a critical challenge. This challenge is further complicated by the higher levels of uncertainty that are intrinsic to early-stage technologies. In this work, we review and synthesize published literature on the sustainability analyses of water and related technologies to present quantitative sustainable design (QSD) – a methodology to expedite and support technology RD&D. With a shared lexicon and a …

Contextualizing Artificial Intelligence: The History, Values, And Epistemology Of Technology In The Philosophy Of Science, Christopher Grimsley

Theses and Dissertations--Philosophy

Artificial intelligence (AI) and other advanced technologies pose new questions for philosophers of science regarding epistemology, science and values, and the history of science. I will address these issues across three essays in this dissertation. The first essay concerns epistemic problems that emerge with existing accounts of scientific explanation when they are applied to deep neural networks (DNNs). Causal explanations in particular, which appear at first to be well suited to the task of explaining DNNs, fail to provide any such explanation. The second essay will explore bias in systems of automated decision-making, and the role of various conceptions of …

Learner Outcomes From An Echo In Augmentative And Alternative Communication, Lillie Reinhart

Theses and Dissertations--Communication Sciences and Disorders

Background: Students with complex communication needs (CCN) rely on the use of augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) to support their communication; however, many students are leaving high school without an effective form of communication. To build capacity and increase school professionals’ knowledge and self-efficacy in AAC, this thesis used an adaptation of Project ECHO (Extension for Community Healthcare Outcomes) for use with AAC.

Methods: Using a post then pre-retrospective survey, participants self-reported changes in knowledge, confidence, and overall satisfaction with ECHO sessions. Paired sample t-tests assessed participant-reported change in knowledge. Frequency counts were used to analyze responses about confidence and …

Increasing Hpv Vaccination In Elliott And Lawrence Counties, Keeghan Francis

Theses and Dissertations--Public Health (M.P.H. & Dr.P.H.)

Appalachian counties within Kentucky have higher rates of HPV-related cancers, including cervical cancer. HPV vaccines are effective at reducing the risk of cervical cancer, but vaccination coverage in Appalachia remains low. The proposed program relies on recommended strategies to improve vaccine uptake by increasing access and demand for HPV vaccines. This will be done through school vaccine clinics and parent education on HPV, cervical cancer, and HPV vaccines.