Digital Commons Network^™

Cytochrome P450s And Uses Thereof, Joe Chappell, Lyle F. Ralston

Plant and Soil Sciences Faculty Patents

The invention features isolated cytochrome P450 polypeptides and nucleic acid molecules, as well as expression vectors and transgenic plants containing these molecules. In addition, the invention features uses of such molecules in methods of increasing the level of resistance against a disease caused by a plant pathogen in a transgenic plant, in methods for producing altered compounds, for example, hydroxylated compounds, and in methods of producing isoprenoid compounds.

Tlr4 Signaling Is Involved In Brain Vascular Toxicity Of Pcb153 Bound To Nanoparticles, Bei Zhang, Jeong June Choi, Sung Yong Eum, Sylvia Daunert, Michal Toborek

Graduate Center for Nutritional Sciences Faculty Publications

PCBs bind to environmental particles; however, potential toxicity exhibited by such complexes is not well understood. The aim of the present study is to study the hypothesis that assembling onto nanoparticles can influence the PCB153-induced brain endothelial toxicity via interaction with the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). To address this hypothesis, TLR4-deficient and wild type control mice (males, 10 week old) were exposed to PCB153 (5 ng/g body weight) bound to chemically inert silica nanoparticles (PCB153-NPs), PCB153 alone, silica nanoparticles (NPs; diameter, 20 nm), or vehicle. Selected animals were also subjected to 40 min ischemia, followed by a 24 h reperfusion. …

Lrp5 And Lrp6 Exert Overlapping Functions In Osteoblasts During Postnatal Bone Acquisition, Ryan C. Riddle, Cassandra R. Diegel, Julie M. Leslie, Kyle K. Van Koevering, Marie-Claude Faugere, Thomas L. Clemens, Bart O. Williams

Internal Medicine Faculty Publications

The canonical Wnt signaling pathway is critical for skeletal development and maintenance, but the precise roles of the individual Wnt co-receptors, Lrp5 and Lrp6, that enable Wnt signals to be transmitted in osteoblasts remain controversial. In these studies, we used Cre-loxP recombination, in which Cre-expression is driven by the human osteocalcin promoter, to determine the individual contributions of Lrp5 and Lrp6 in postnatal bone acquisition and osteoblast function. Mice selectively lacking either Lrp5 or Lrp6 in mature osteoblasts were born at the expected Mendelian frequency but demonstrated significant reductions in whole-body bone mineral density. Bone architecture measured by microCT revealed …

Transcriptomic And Proteomic Responses Of Sweetpotato Whitefly, Bemisia Tabaci, To Thiamethoxam, Nina Yang, Wen Xie, Xin Yang, Shaoli Wang, Qingjun Wu, Rumei Li, Huipeng Pan, Baiming Liu, Xiaobin Shi, Yong Fang, Baoyun Xu, Xuguo Zhou, Youjun Zhang

Entomology Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: The sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), is one of the most widely distributed agricultural pests. Although it has developed resistance to many registered insecticides including the neonicotinoid insecticide thiamethoxam, the mechanisms that regulate the resistance are poorly understood. To understand the molecular basis of thiamethoxam resistance, "omics" analyses were carried out to examine differences between resistant and susceptible B. tabaci at both transcriptional and translational levels.

RESULTS: A total of 1,338 mRNAs and 52 proteins were differentially expressed between resistant and susceptible B. tabaci. Among them, 11 transcripts had concurrent transcription and translation profiles. KEGG analysis mapped 318 …

Withaferin A Effectively Targets Soluble Vimentin In The Glaucoma Filtration Surgical Model Of Fibrosis, Paola Bargagna-Mohan, Sunil P. Deokule, Kyle G. Thompson, John Wizeman, Cidambi Srinivasan, Sunil Vooturi, Uday B. Kompella, Royce Mohan

Ophthalmology and Visual Science Faculty Publications

Withaferin A (WFA) is a natural product that binds to soluble forms of the type III intermediate filament (IF) vimentin. Currently, it is unknown under what pathophysiological contexts vimentin is druggable, as cytoskeltal vimentin-IFs are abundantly expressed. To investigate druggability of vimentin, we exploited rabbit Tenon's capsule fibroblast (RbTCF) cell cultures and the rabbit glaucoma filtration surgical (GFS) model of fibrosis. WFA potently caused G₀/G₁ cell cycle inhibition (IC₅₀ 25 nM) in RbTCFs, downregulating ubiquitin E3 ligase skp2 and inducing p27(Kip1) expression. Transforming growth factor (TGF)-ß-induced myofibroblast transformation caused development of cell spheroids with numerous elongated invadopodia, which WFA blocked …

Reaching Out To Faculty: Leveraging Professional And Social Interactions To Meet Information Needs, Valerie E. Perry

Library Presentations

Objectives: To apply the subject expertise of a life sciences librarian in serving the One Health information needs of the University of Kentucky College of Agriculture faculty and other researchers employing animal research protocols through professional involvement, education, and social activities.

Methods Setting: A large research university with diverse use of animal research across the disciplinary faculties. Population: Researchers in the University of Kentucky College of Agriculture and those in the medical, social, and life sciences--such as dentistry, medicine, pharmacy, biology and psychology--who use animals in their research. Exposure: Provide and promote information resources and services during 2010-2012 through a …

Oral Transmission Of Listeria Monocytogenes In Mice Via Ingestion Of Contaminated Food, Elsa N. Bou Ghanem, Tanya Myers-Morales, Grant S. Jones, Sarah E. F. D'Orazio

Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics Faculty Publications

L. monocytogenes are facultative intracellular bacterial pathogens that cause food borne infections in humans. Very little is known about the gastrointestinal phase of listeriosis due to the lack of a small animal model that closely mimics human disease. This paper describes a novel mouse model for oral transmission of L. monocytogenes. Using this model, mice fed L. monocytogenes-contaminated bread have a discrete phase of gastrointestinal infection, followed by varying degrees of systemic spread in susceptible (BALB/c/By/J) or resistant (C57BL/6) mouse strains. During the later stages of the infection, dissemination to the gall bladder and brain is observed. The …

Synthesis And Biological Evaluation Of Novel Folic Acid Receptor-Targeted, Β-Cyclodextrin-Based Drug Complexes For Cancer Treatment, Juan-Juan Yin, Sonali Sharma, Stepan P. Shumyak, Zhi-Xin Wang, Zhi-Wei Zhou, Yangde Zhang, Peixuan Guo, Chen-Zhong Li, Jagat R. Kanwar, Tianxin Yang, Shyam S. Mohapatra, Wanqing Liu, Wei Duan, Jian-Cheng Wang, Qi Li, Xueji Zhang, Jun Tan, Lee Jia, Jun Liang, Ming Q. Wei, Xiaotian Li, Shu-Feng Zhou

Nanobiotechnology Center Faculty Publications

Drug targeting is an active area of research and nano-scaled drug delivery systems hold tremendous potential for the treatment of neoplasms. In this study, a novel cyclodextrin (CD)-based nanoparticle drug delivery system has been assembled and characterized for the therapy of folate receptor-positive [FR(+)] cancer. Water-soluble folic acid (FA)-conjugated CD carriers (FACDs) were successfully synthesized and their structures were confirmed by 1D/2D nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometer (MALDI-TOF-MS), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and circular dichroism. Drug complexes of adamatane (Ada) and cytotoxic doxorubicin (Dox) with FACD were readily …

Summary Of Papers Presented At The 2012 Seventh International Cough Symposium, Peter V. Dicpinigaitis, Giovanni A. Fontana, Lu-Yuan Lee, Milos Tatar

Physiology Faculty Publications

Twenty six papers were presented as posters in the Seventh International Symposium on Cough; 12 papers were presented in the Basic Science of Cough session, and 14 papers presented in the Clinical Science of Cough session. These papers explored a wide spectrum of cough-related areas including pathophysiological mechanisms, treatment and detection of cough, and symptom assessment and perception, and were grouped into several general themes for facilitate the discussion. Studies presented in these posters have provided new information that should improve our knowledge on the basic physiology and pharmacology of cough, and the peripheral and central neural mechanisms involved in …

Forage News [2013-05], Department Of Plant And Soil Sciences, University Of Kentucky

Forage News

• Advanced Kentucky Grazing School - June 18
• Kelly Kramer Accepts University of Kentucky Master Grazer Coordinator Position
• USDA Releases Corn Planting Intentions - US Up Slightly, Kentucky Down 50,000 Acres
• Hay Acres to Rise Slightly
• Increase Pasture Carrying Capacity Using Cross Fences
• Foliar Fungicides on Alfalfa
• Miracle Products and Foo Foo Dust
• Ohio Crop Budgets Available for Forage Growers

Omega-3 Fatty Acids Reduce Adipose Tissue Macrophages In Human Subjects With Insulin Resistance, Michael Spencer, Brian S. Finlin, Resat Unal, Beibei Zhu, Andrew J. Morris, Lindsey R. Shipp, Jonah D. Lee, R. Grace Walton, Akosua Adu, Rod Erfani, Marilyn S. Campbell, Robert E. Mcgehee Jr., Charlotte A. Peterson, Philip A. Kern

Clinical and Translational Science Faculty Publications

Fish oils (FOs) have anti-inflammatory effects and lower serum triglycerides. This study examined adipose and muscle inflammatory markers after treatment of humans with FOs and measured the effects of ω-3 fatty acids on adipocytes and macrophages in vitro. Insulin-resistant, nondiabetic subjects were treated with Omega-3-Acid Ethyl Esters (4 g/day) or placebo for 12 weeks. Plasma macrophage chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) levels were reduced by FO, but the levels of other cytokines were unchanged. The adipose (but not muscle) of FO-treated subjects demonstrated a decrease in macrophages, a decrease in MCP-1, and an increase in capillaries, and subjects with the most …

Diacylglycerol Acyltransferase Sequences And Related Methods, David Hildebrand, Runzhi Li, Tomoko Hatanaka

Plant and Soil Sciences Faculty Patents

Isolated nucleic acid and amino acid sequences encoding a diacylglycerol acyltransferase 2 (DGAT2) polypeptide are provided. Vectors and transgenic cells that include a nucleic acid sequence encoding a DGAT2 polypeptide are also described. Further provided are methods of producing an epoxy fatty acid by transforming a cell with a first isolated nucleic acid that encodes a diacylglycerol acyltransferase polypeptide and a second isolated nucleic acid that encodes an epoxygenase polypeptide, such that expression of the diacylglycerol acyltransferase polypeptide and the epoxygenase polypeptide increases an amount of epoxy fatty acid in the cell.

Stigma And Regulatory Uncertainty: Proposed Coal Ash Disposal Regulation Effects On U.S. Beneficial Use Markets And Practices, John N. Ward

World of Coal Ash Proceedings

No abstract provided.

Spatial And Temporal Variations Of Groundwater Chemistry Before And During Coal Mine Reclamation Using Flue Gas Desulfurization (Fgd) Materials, Chin-Min Cheng, Robert Baker, Tarunjit Butalia, Harold Walker

World of Coal Ash Proceedings

No abstract provided.

Impact Of Political Decisions On Production And Use Of Coal Combustion Products In Europe, Fernando Caldas-Vieira, Hans-Joachim Feuerborn

World of Coal Ash Proceedings

No abstract provided.

Effects Of Perinatal Oxycodone Exposure On The Cardiovascular Response To Acute Stress In Male Rats At Weaning And In Young Adulthood, Thitinart Sithisarn, Henrietta S. Bada, Richard J. Charnigo, Sandra J. Legan, David C. Randall

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

Oxycodone (OXY) is one of the most commonly abused opiates during pregnancy. Perinatal opiate exposure (POE) is associated with neurobehavioral and hormone changes. Little is known about the effects of perinatal OXY on the cardiovascular (CV) responses to stress.

Objectives: to determine the effects of POE on: (1) CV responses to acute stress and ability to discriminate using a classical conditioning paradigm; (2) changes in CV response to the paradigm and retention of the ability to discriminate from postnatal day (PD) 40 to young adulthood.

Methods: Pregnant rats were given i.v. OXY or vehicle (CON) daily. OXY and CON males …

European Product Standards - Update On Status And Changes With Relevance To Ccps, Fernando Caldas-Vieira, Hans-Joachim Feuerborn, Angelo Saraber

World of Coal Ash Proceedings

No abstract provided.

The Use Of Class F Fly Ash In Reclaiming The Agricultural Potential Of Surface Coal Mine Cover Soils, Wayne Truter, Leushantha Mudaly, Du Toit Wilken, Richard Kruger

World of Coal Ash Proceedings

No abstract provided.

Glycosylate Derivatives Of Mithramycin, Method Of Preparation And Uses Thereof, Jürgen Rohr, Irfan Baig, Jose Antonio Salas Fernandez, Alfredo Fernandez Brana, Maria Perez Solares

Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty Patents

The present invention provides compounds characterized by the formula (I), where each of the substituent radicals is described in the specification. The invention also describes the use of said compounds in the treatment of various diseases, including: cancer or tumoral processes in general, Paget's disease, hypercalcaemia, hypercalciuria and neurological diseases (inter alia, Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, Huntington's).

Method Of Ameliorating Oxidative Stress And Supplementing The Diet, Boyd E. Haley, Niladrl Narayan Gupta

Chemistry Faculty Patents

A method of supplementing a diet and ameliorating oxidative stress in a mammal includes administering a pharmaceutically effective amount of lipid soluble, hydrophobic active compounds having a chemical structure . . .

To see the remainder of this abstract, please download this patent.

Mitochondrial Genomes Of Two Barklice, Psococerastis Albimaculata And Longivalvus Hyalospilus (Psocoptera: Psocomorpha): Contrasting Rates In Mitochondrial Gene Rearrangement Between Major Lineages Of Psocodea, Hu Li, Renfu Shao, Fan Song, Xuguo Zhou, Qianqian Yang, Zhihong Li, Wanzhi Cai

Entomology Faculty Publications

The superorder Psocodea has ∼10,000 described species in two orders: Psocoptera (barklice and booklice) and Phthiraptera (parasitic lice). One booklouse, Liposcelis bostrychophila and six species of parasitic lice have been sequenced for complete mitochondrial (mt) genomes; these seven species have the most rearranged mt genomes seen in insects. The mt genome of a barklouse, lepidopsocid sp., has also been sequenced and is much less rearranged than those of the booklouse and the parasitic lice. To further understand mt gene rearrangements in the Psocodea, we sequenced the mt genomes of two barklice, Psococerastis albimaculata and Longivalvus hyalospilus, the first representatives from …

Differential Undertaking Response Of A Lower Termite To Congeneric And Conspecific Corpses, Qian Sun, Kenneth F. Haynes, Xuguo Zhou

Entomology Faculty Publications

Undertaking behaviour is an essential activity in social insects. Corpses are often recognized by a postmortem change in a chemical signature. Reticulitermes flavipes responded to corpses within minutes of death. This undertaking behaviour did not change with longer postmortem time (24 h); however, R. flavipes exhibited distinctively different behaviours toward dead termites from various origins. Corpses of the congeneric species, Reticulitermes virginicus, were buried onsite by workers with a large group of soldiers guarding the burial site due to the risk of interspecific competition; while dead conspecifics, regardless of colony origin, were pulled back into the holding chamber for nutrient …

The Endosymbiont Arsenophonus Is Widespread In Soybean Aphid, Aphis Glycines, But Does Not Provide Protection From Parasitoids Or A Fungal Pathogen, Jason A. Wulff, Karrie A. Buckman, Kongming Wu, George E. Heimpel, Jennifer A. White

Entomology Faculty Publications

Aphids commonly harbor bacterial facultative symbionts that have a variety of effects upon their aphid hosts, including defense against hymenopteran parasitoids and fungal pathogens. The soybean aphid, Aphis glycines Matsumura (Hemiptera: Aphididae), is infected with the symbiont Arsenophonus sp., which has an unknown role in its aphid host. Our research goals were to document the infection frequency and diversity of the symbiont in field-collected soybean aphids, and to determine whether Arsenophonus is defending soybean aphid against natural enemies. We performed diagnostic PCR and sequenced four Arsenophonus genes in soybean aphids from their native and introduced range to estimate infection frequency …

Pd123319 Augments Angiotensin Ii-Induced Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms Through An At2 Receptor-Independent Mechanism, Alan Daugherty, Debra L. Rateri, Deborah A. Howatt, Richard Charnigo, Lisa A. Cassis

Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: AT2 receptors have an unclear function on development of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs), although a pharmacological approach using the AT2 receptor antagonist PD123319 has implicated a role. The purpose of the present study was to determine the role of AT2 receptors in AngII-induced AAAs using a combination of genetic and pharmacological approaches. We also defined effects of AT2 receptors in AngII-induced atherosclerosis and thoracic aortic aneurysms.

METHODS AND RESULTS: Male AT2 receptor wild type (AT2 +/y) and deficient (AT2 -/y) mice in an LDL receptor -/- background were fed a saturated-fat enriched diet, and infused with either saline or …

Caveolar Fatty Acids And Acylation Of Caveolin-1, Qian Cai, Ling Guo, Haiqing Gao, Xiang-An Li

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

PURPOSE: Caveolae are cholesterol and sphingolipids rich subcellular domains on plasma membrane. Caveolae contain a variety of signaling proteins which provide platforms for signaling transduction. In addition to enriched with cholesterol and sphingolipids, caveolae also contain a variety of fatty acids. It has been well-established that acylation of protein plays a pivotal role in subcellular location including targeting to caveolae. However, the fatty acid compositions of caveolae and the type of acylation of caveolar proteins remain largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the fatty acids in caveolae and caveolin-1 bound fatty acids.

METHODS: Caveolae were isolated from Chinese hamster …

Salamander Hox Clusters Contain Repetitive Dna And Expanded Non-Coding Regions: A Typical Hox Structure For Non-Mammalian Tetrapod Vertebrates?, Stephen Randal Voss, Srikrishna Putta, John A. Walker, Jeramiah J. Smith, Nobuyasu Maki, Panagiotis A. Tsonis

Biology Faculty Publications

Hox genes encode transcription factors that regulate embryonic and post-embryonic developmental processes. The expression of Hox genes is regulated in part by the tight, spatial arrangement of conserved coding and non-coding sequences. The potential for evolutionary changes in Hox cluster structure is thought to be low among vertebrates; however, recent studies of a few non-mammalian taxa suggest greater variation than originally thought. Using next generation sequencing of large genomic fragments (>100 kb) from the red spotted newt (Notophthalamus viridescens), we found that the arrangement of Hox cluster genes was conserved relative to orthologous regions from other vertebrates, but the …

Svsxp: A Strongylus Vulgaris Antigen With Potential For Prepatent Diagnosis, Ulla V. Andersen, Daniel K. Howe, Sriveny Dangoudoubiyam, Nils Toft, Craig R. Reinemeyer, Eugene T. Lyons, Susanne N. Olsen, Jesper Monrad, Peter Nejsum, Martin K. Nielsen

Veterinary Science Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: Strongyle parasites are ubiquitous in grazing horses. Strongylus vulgaris, the most pathogenic of the large strongyles, is known for its extensive migration in the mesenteric arterial system. The lifecycle of S. vulgaris is characterised by a long prepatent period where the migrating larvae are virtually undetectable as there currently is no test available for diagnosing prepatent S. vulgaris infection. Presence of S. vulgaris larvae in the arterial system causes endarteritis and thrombosis with a risk of non-strangulating intestinal infarctions. Emergence of anthelmintic resistance among cyathostomins has led to recommendations of reduced treatment intensity by targeting horses that exceed a …

The P38Α Mapk Regulates Microglial Responsiveness To Diffuse Traumatic Brain Injury, Adam D. Bachstetter, Rachel K. Rowe, Machi Kaneko, Danielle Goulding, Jonathan Lifshitz, Linda J Van Eldik

Sanders-Brown Center on Aging Faculty Publications

Neuropathology after traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the result of both the immediate impact injury and secondary injury mechanisms. Unresolved post-traumatic glial activation is a secondary injury mechanism that contributes to a chronic state of neuroinflammation in both animal models of TBI and human head injury patients. We recently demonstrated, using in vitro models, that p38α MAPK signaling in microglia is a key event in promoting cytokine production in response to diverse disease-relevant stressors and subsequent inflammatory neuronal dysfunction. From these findings, we hypothesized that the p38α signaling pathway in microglia could be contributing to the secondary neuropathologic sequelae after …

21st Century Crofting: Strengths And Opportunities For Community Development, Bryan J. Hains, Ronald Hustedde, Kristina G. Ricketts

Community & Leadership Development Faculty Publications

Scotland has one of the most uneven land ownership patterns in the world. In a country of 5.2 million people, about 969 people control 60% of the land. Over 20% of privately owned land in Scotland is held in some form of offshore or beneficial ownership (Committee on the Inquiry of Crofting, 2008). This land ownership pattern has a unique expression in the northern and western parts of the Scottish Highlands and Islands with a 300-year-old system of tenant farmers known as crofters. Unlike other tenant farmers across the world, crofters have gained legal rights to stay on the land …

Forage News [2013-04], Department Of Plant And Soil Sciences, University Of Kentucky

Forage News

• Kentucky Grazing School
• Sclerotinia Crown and Stem Rot of Alfalfa
• Our Experience with Roundup Ready Alfalfa
• Forage Crops for the 21st Century
• Fertilizer: How Much is in Each Bale?
• Impact of the Arkansas 300-Day Grazing Program
• Advanced Grazing School