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The Influence Of Cow Manure On Forage Yields Of King Grass In A Ferrasol In Cuba, G Crespo, M Oduardo Mar 2025

The Influence Of Cow Manure On Forage Yields Of King Grass In A Ferrasol In Cuba, G Crespo, M Oduardo

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Experiments conducted in sandy and brown soils in Cuba demonstrated the beneficial effect of manure for accelerating the establishment of forage plants, and the possibility of dimi­nishing up to 50 % the dosage of N fertilizer requirements to obtain maximum forage yield (Crespo and Diez 1978; Crespo and Arteaga 1984). The aims of the present experiments were: a) to determine the best time of application of cow manure and b) to learn the influence of manure and nitrogenous fertilizer on forage yield of king grass in a ferrasol soil.

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Evaluation Of The Gelation Characteristics And Printability Of Edible Filamentous Fungi Flours And Protein Extracts, Lauren Doyle, Suvro Talukdar, Youling Xiong, Akinbode Adedeji, Tyler Barzee Mar 2025

Evaluation Of The Gelation Characteristics And Printability Of Edible Filamentous Fungi Flours And Protein Extracts, Lauren Doyle, Suvro Talukdar, Youling Xiong, Akinbode Adedeji, Tyler Barzee

Animal and Food Sciences Faculty Publications

AbstractThere is a pressing need to produce novel food ingredients from sustainable sources to support a growing population. Filamentous fungi can be readily cultivated from low-cost agricultural byproducts to produce functional proteins for food biomanufacturing of structured products. However, there is a lack of scientific knowledge on the gelling characteristics of fungal proteins or their potential in additive biomanufacturing. Therefore, this study investigated the feasibility of utilizing fungal protein extracts and flours from Aspergillus awamori, Pleurotus ostreatus, Auricularia auricula-judae as sole gelling agents in 3D-printed products. Protein extracts were successfully prepared using the alkaline extraction–isoelectric precipitation method and successful physical …

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Effects Of Phosphogypsum, Phsophorus And Lime On Andropogon Gayanus Kunth, V T. Paulino, E Malavolta Mar 2025

Effects Of Phosphogypsum, Phsophorus And Lime On Andropogon Gayanus Kunth, V T. Paulino, E Malavolta

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

There are several factors which determine the low animal productivity in the tropics. Among these factors, inadequate nutrition is the most limiting one followed by the low natural fertility and high acidity of the soils in these regions. Previous findings have shown important soil nutrient deficiencies in some Brazilian cerrado soils. Malavolta (1952) demonstrated sulfur (S) deficiencies, while Werner et al. (1967) found plant response to S. Responses to phosphorus addition are very common in this kind of soil and in tropical America there are rates of phosphorus being applied, which sometimes are uneconomical for the formation and maintenance of …

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Red Clover Needs For Mobybdenum And Boron Soil Threshold Values Of Deficiency And Toxicity, H Gembrazewski Mar 2025

Red Clover Needs For Mobybdenum And Boron Soil Threshold Values Of Deficiency And Toxicity, H Gembrazewski

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Red clover is a precious and promising fodder crop in Poland. Even on acid soils its yields are satisfying, if sufficient level of exchangeable Ca is present. Symbiotically fixed N covers N needs, but fixing effectiveness and rate of further changing of nitrogen compounds depends on optimal molybdenum supply. It is a component of such enzymes as nitrogenase and nitrate reductase, which make it necessary for Rhizobium as well as clover. However, Mo surplus is toxic for animals (the relation of Mo:Cu is of import­ance). As other leguminous plants, red clover needs much boron. Yield of 15 t of dry …

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Could Psilocin Rescue Chronic, Stress-Accelerated, Transcriptional Aging In Brain?, Danny R. Craig, Eric M. Blalock Mar 2025

Could Psilocin Rescue Chronic, Stress-Accelerated, Transcriptional Aging In Brain?, Danny R. Craig, Eric M. Blalock

Journal of Pharmacology & Nutritional Sciences

Brain aging (BA) processes are complex, often affect multiple systems, and frequently lead to cognitive decline and increased susceptibility to insults. BA appears to be a primary risk for the development of many prominent neurodegenerative pathologies. The US Census Bureau predicts that the aging population (65+) will represent a greater proportion of the US population than children (under 18) by 2034, dramatically increasing the burden on health-care infrastructure.17 Several mechanisms of stress driven, aging-related neurologic dysfunction have been advanced in the past 50 years and include: Stress hormone exposure and glucocorticoid cascade;7, 16 calcium ion dyshomeostasis;8 allostatic …

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A Time For Change- Issues Arising From The Xvii International Grassland Congress Developed World Viewpoint, Barney Foran Mar 2025

A Time For Change- Issues Arising From The Xvii International Grassland Congress Developed World Viewpoint, Barney Foran

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

A number of major issues raised at the conference, if they are accepted by farmers and grassland scientists, will mean a major realignment of both the philosophy and practice of grassland science. The first of these is future world trade flows and a bleak prognosis for traded livestock products. Jf the developed world accepts that developing nations have to trade in order to develop, and trade in commodities where they have a cost advantage, this suggests that bulk production of livestock commodities will decline ln total. Thus grassland exports will have to concentrate on high value niche markets. This poses …

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Animal Production From Tropical Semi-Arid Savannah Woodland In Subcoastal Queensland, Australia, H G. Bishop, H J. Chamberlain, R M. Dodt, T B. Hilder, G A. Lambert, E R. Anderson Mar 2025

Animal Production From Tropical Semi-Arid Savannah Woodland In Subcoastal Queensland, Australia, H G. Bishop, H J. Chamberlain, R M. Dodt, T B. Hilder, G A. Lambert, E R. Anderson

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Annual live-weight gain of steers grazing on virgin tropical semi­arid poplar box (Eucalyptus populnea) savannah woodland in subcoastal central Queensland fluctuated between 59 kg/head and 200 kg/head over a 7-year period. Average live-weight gain for the 7 years was 136 kg/head/year, which is above expected levels for this vegetation type. Reasons suggested for this animal performance are the use of a stocking rate more lenient than the district average and above-average winter rainfall received during the 7 years of this demonstration project. Removing trees doubled the pasture dry matter yield, which subsequently allowed a doubling of stocking rate …

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Evaluation Of Animal Productivity And Pasture Yield After Treatment Of Brigalow (Acacia Harpopylla) Regrowth With Tebuthiuron, G W. Fossett, P C. Venamore Mar 2025

Evaluation Of Animal Productivity And Pasture Yield After Treatment Of Brigalow (Acacia Harpopylla) Regrowth With Tebuthiuron, G W. Fossett, P C. Venamore

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Brigalow (Acacia harpophylla) regrowth was aerially treated with 2.0 kg/ha tebuthiuron (Graslan TM) at Blackwater, Australia in November 1989. Control of brigalow regrowth increased in grass production 2- fold, which resulted in dramatic animal live-weight gains. The live­weight advantage of steers grazing the tebuthiuron treated area was 31 kg/head compared with similar steers grazing the control paddock at similar stocking rates. After 20 months this advantage enabled 44% of stock to be marketed at premlum prices. A subset of steers implanted with a long-term hormonal growth promotant (HGP) (Compudose400™) and grazing the tebuthiuron-treated paddock recorded a 75 kg …

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A Legume Ley System In Australia's Semi-Arid Tropics, R L. Mccown, K Thiagalingam, T Price, P S. Carberry, R K. Jones, N P. Dagliesh, D.C I. Peake Mar 2025

A Legume Ley System In Australia's Semi-Arid Tropics, R L. Mccown, K Thiagalingam, T Price, P S. Carberry, R K. Jones, N P. Dagliesh, D.C I. Peake

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

A large part of the Australian continent is semi-arid and tropical. While extensive beef cattle grazing is the most significant agricultural industry in this region, there Is some potential for dryland cropping. There are strong economic and- ecological reasons for exploring the possibility of a no-till tropical ley system. Work at Katherine, Northern Territory, found that a ley system based on Stylosanthes hamata cv. Verano showed considerable promise based on both contributions to dry-season animal performance and nitrogen contribution to succeeding coarse grain crops. Subsequent research and development in the wetter Douglas-Daly district of the Northern Territory has demonstrated even …

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Potential Of Crotalaria Ochroleuca (Marejea) In Traditional Crop And Livestock Production Systems In Tanzania, S V. Sarwatt Mar 2025

Potential Of Crotalaria Ochroleuca (Marejea) In Traditional Crop And Livestock Production Systems In Tanzania, S V. Sarwatt

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In experiments to study the role of Crolalaria ochrroleuca (marejea) in traditional farming systems, the plant was used in the following way: (l) broadcast alone at a rate of 10 kg/ha of seed to determine dry matter (DM) yield, nutritive value and kg N/ha it can fix at different stages of growth, i.e., 2, 4, 6, 8, IO, 12, 14 and 16 weeks. (2) sown under after 3 weeks on alternate ridges with maize and maize alone as control. (3) the leaves at 10 weeks were harvested and supplemented to young sheep grazing 8 h/day. 12 male sheep …

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Pasture Legumes In Cuba: Past, Present, And Future, F Funes, Marta Monzote Mar 2025

Pasture Legumes In Cuba: Past, Present, And Future, F Funes, Marta Monzote

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Before 1960 the utilisation of pasture legumes was scarce. During the decade 1960-1970 more than 10 thousand hectares of Medicago sativa. Neonolonia wightii, Cajanus cajan and Pueraria phaseoloides were sown, but interest decreased later. In the mid 1970s, research was reorganised and since 1980 results were attained showing outstanding performance of the species: N. wightii (10 t DM/ho/ year), ·Teramnus labialis (11.5 t), Lencaena leucocephala (12 I), Medicago sativa (12,5 t), Pueraria phaseoloides (14 t), Stylosanthes guianensis (IS I) and others. Results on ecological adaption, sowing, establishment, rhizobiology, seed production, pest and diseases and other agronomic aspects are …

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Establishment And Animal Production Based On Tropical Grass-Legume Pastures, Marta Monzote, F Funes Mar 2025

Establishment And Animal Production Based On Tropical Grass-Legume Pastures, Marta Monzote, F Funes

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Different experiments were carried out to study the establishment of grass-legume swards and animal performam;e from the pastures. Grasses were: Digitarla decumbens, Dichantum sp,, Botriocliloa sp,, Panicum maximum, Cllloris gayana, Cynodon dactylon, Cenchrus setigerus and Cenchrus ciliaris; legumes were: Neonotonia wightti, Macroptllium atropurpuretm, Desmodium intortum, Stylosanthes guianensis and Centrosema pubescens. Good establishment were obtained with minimum tillage of harrowing on the grass cover after heavy grazing or harvesting close to the ground, Broadcast sowing at 2-3 kg/ha was carried out. Growth was slow at I plant/m1 but rapid at S-10 plant/m1, In prepared …

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The Aeschynomene Genus As A Source Of Pasture Legumes For Tropical And Subtropical Australia, H G. Bishop, T B. Hilder Mar 2025

The Aeschynomene Genus As A Source Of Pasture Legumes For Tropical And Subtropical Australia, H G. Bishop, T B. Hilder

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Three Aeschynomene cultivars are currently used as pasture legumes for tropical and subtropical Australia; A. falcata·cv, Bargoo released in 1973, A. americana cv, Glenn released in 1983 and A. americana cv. Lee released in 1991. Five other Aeschynomene accessions from 2 species are on "pre-release" registration with the Queensland Herbage Plant Liaison Committee pending additional data on adaptation and animal production: A. brasiliana CPI 92519 and CPI 93592 and A. villosa CPI 37235, 91209 and 93621. A collection of over 300 Aesc/1y1wme11e accessions was grown at Mackay, Queensland, in 1982-83 to describe the diversity within this genus. This diversity supports …

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Among-Population Variation In Telomere Regulatory Proteins And Their Potential Role As Hidden Drivers Of Intraspecific Variation In Life History, Sarah E. Wolf, Mary J. Woodruff, David A. Chang Van Oordt, Ethan D. Clotfelter, Daniel A. Cristol, Elizabeth P. Derryberry, Stephen M. Ferguson, Mark T. Stanback, Conor C. Taff, Maren N. Vitousek, David F. Westneat, Kimberly A. Rosvall Mar 2025

Among-Population Variation In Telomere Regulatory Proteins And Their Potential Role As Hidden Drivers Of Intraspecific Variation In Life History, Sarah E. Wolf, Mary J. Woodruff, David A. Chang Van Oordt, Ethan D. Clotfelter, Daniel A. Cristol, Elizabeth P. Derryberry, Stephen M. Ferguson, Mark T. Stanback, Conor C. Taff, Maren N. Vitousek, David F. Westneat, Kimberly A. Rosvall

Biology Faculty Publications

Biologists aim to explain patterns of growth, reproduction and ageing that characterize life histories, yet we are just beginning to understand the proximate mechanisms that generate this diversity. Existing research in this area has focused on telomeres but has generally overlooked the telomere's most direct mediator, the shelterin protein complex. Shelterin proteins physically interact with the telomere to shape its shortening and repair. They also regulate metabolism and immune function, suggesting a potential role in life history variation in the wild. However, research on shelterin proteins is uncommon outside of biomolecular work. Intraspecific analyses can play an important role in …

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Macroevolutionary Inference Of Complex Modes Of Chromosomal Speciation In A Cosmopolitan Plant Lineage, Carrie M. Tribble, José Ignacio Márquez-Corro, Michael R. May, Andrew L. Hipp, Marcial Escudero, Rosana Zenil-Ferguson Mar 2025

Macroevolutionary Inference Of Complex Modes Of Chromosomal Speciation In A Cosmopolitan Plant Lineage, Carrie M. Tribble, José Ignacio Márquez-Corro, Michael R. May, Andrew L. Hipp, Marcial Escudero, Rosana Zenil-Ferguson

Biology Faculty Publications

The effects of single chromosome number change—dysploidy – mediating diversification remain poorly understood. Dysploidy modifies recombination rates, linkage, or reproductive isolation, especially for one-fifth of all eukaryote lineages with holocentric chromosomes. Dysploidy effects on diversification have not been estimated because modeling chromosome numbers linked to diversification with heterogeneity along phylogenies is quantitatively challenging. We propose a new state-dependent diversification model of chromosome evolution that links diversification rates to dysploidy rates considering heterogeneity and differentiates between anagenetic and cladogenetic changes. We apply this model to Carex (Cyperaceae), a cosmopolitan flowering plant clade with holocentric chromosomes. We recover two distinct modes of …

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Scaling Covid-19 Rates With Population Size In The United States, Austin R. Cruz, Brian J. Enquist, Joseph R. Burger Mar 2025

Scaling Covid-19 Rates With Population Size In The United States, Austin R. Cruz, Brian J. Enquist, Joseph R. Burger

Biology Faculty Publications

Using county-level data from the United States, we assessed allometric scaling relationships of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) cases, deaths and age structure within and across the first four major waves of the pandemic (wild-type, alpha, delta, omicron). Results generally indicate that the burden of cases disproportionately impacted larger-sized counties, while the burden of deaths disproportionately impacted smaller counties. This may be partially due to multiple interacting social mechanisms, including a higher proportion of older adults who live in smaller counties. Moreover, these likely social mechanisms interacting with vaccinations and virus waves created a dynamic pattern whereby the rate and magnitude of …

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The Biphasic Effect Of Lipopolysaccharide On Membrane Potential, Maria E. Hadjisavva, Robin L. Cooper Mar 2025

The Biphasic Effect Of Lipopolysaccharide On Membrane Potential, Maria E. Hadjisavva, Robin L. Cooper

Biology Faculty Publications

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from certain strains of Gram-negative bacteria can induce a rapid (<1 s) hyperpolarization of membrane potential, followed by a gradual depolarization exceeding the initial resting membrane potential. Through overexpression of a Drosophila ORK1 two-pore-domain K+ channel (K2P) in larval muscles and altering the external concentrations of K+ and Na+ ions, it is clear that the hyperpolarization is due to activating K2P channels and the depolarization is due to promoting an inward Na+ leak. When the external Na+ concentration is negligible, the LPS-delayed depolarization is dampened. The hyperpolarization induced by LPS can exceed −100 mV when external K+ and Na+ concentrations are lowered. These results indicate direct action by LPS on ion channels independently of immune …

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Responses Of Skeletal Muscle To Mechanical Stimuli In Female Rats Following And During Muscle Disuse Atrophy, Alexander B. Sklivas, Zachary R. Hettinger, Sarah Rose, Alessandra Mantuano, Amy L. Confides, Sandra Rigsby, Frederick F. Peelor, Benjamin F. Miller, Timothy A. Butterfield, Esther E. Dupont-Versteegden Mar 2025

Responses Of Skeletal Muscle To Mechanical Stimuli In Female Rats Following And During Muscle Disuse Atrophy, Alexander B. Sklivas, Zachary R. Hettinger, Sarah Rose, Alessandra Mantuano, Amy L. Confides, Sandra Rigsby, Frederick F. Peelor, Benjamin F. Miller, Timothy A. Butterfield, Esther E. Dupont-Versteegden

Physiology Faculty Publications

The purpose of this study was to investigate the ability of mechanotherapy to enhance recovery or prevent loss of muscle size with disuse in female rats. Female F344/BN rats were assigned to weight bearing (WB), hindlimb suspended (HS) for 14 days with reambulation for 7 days without mechanotherapy or reambulation (RA) with mechanotherapy (RAM) (study 1), or to WB, HS for 7 days, with HS mechanotherapy (HSM) or without mechanotherapy (study 2) to gastrocnemius muscle. Muscle fiber cross-sectional area (CSA) and fiber type, collagen, satellite cell number, and protein synthesis (ksyn) and degradation (kdeg) were assessed. …

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Exploring Oxylipins In Host–Microbe Interactions And Their Impact On Infection And Immunity, Robert J. Neff, Christopher D. Radka Mar 2025

Exploring Oxylipins In Host–Microbe Interactions And Their Impact On Infection And Immunity, Robert J. Neff, Christopher D. Radka

Markey Cancer Center Faculty Publications

Plasma lipids are essential components of biological systems, transported through interactions with proteins to maintain cellular functions. These lipids exist in various forms, such as fatty acids, glycerolipids, glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids, sterols, and prenol lipids, derived from dietary intake, adipose tissue, and biosynthesis. While the association between certain fatty acids and cardiovascular diseases has been widely recognized, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) exhibit cardioprotective effects, reducing risks of arrhythmias and heart-related mortality. This is due to their role in the production of eicosanoids, which modulate inflammation. Chronic inflammation, particularly in obesity, is significantly influenced by fatty acids, with saturated fatty acids promoting …

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Characterization, Performance, And Toxicological Assessment Of Polysulfone-Sulfonated Polyether Ether Ketone Membranes For Water Separation Applications, Muhammad Usman Yousaf, Lucca Madeo Cortarelli, Nerissa I. Jebet, Jason M. Unrine, Nirupam Aich, Olga V. Tsyusko, Isabel C. Escobar Mar 2025

Characterization, Performance, And Toxicological Assessment Of Polysulfone-Sulfonated Polyether Ether Ketone Membranes For Water Separation Applications, Muhammad Usman Yousaf, Lucca Madeo Cortarelli, Nerissa I. Jebet, Jason M. Unrine, Nirupam Aich, Olga V. Tsyusko, Isabel C. Escobar

Markey Cancer Center Faculty Publications

The removal of small molecular weight charged compounds from aqueous solutions using membrane remains a challenge. In this study, polysulfone (PSf)- and sulfonated polyether ether ketone (SPEEK)-based membranes were fabricated via non- solvent induced phase separation process (NIPS) using N-Methyl-2-Pyrrolidone (NMP) as solvent and water as non-solvent. Membranes were characterized structurally and morphologically, followed by toxicity assessment conducted before and after filtration, both with and without annealing at various pH values to evaluate potential leaching of trapped solvent from the membrane pores. Additionally, membrane performance was characterized using binary mixtures of cationic and anionic dyes. The results demonstrated selective filtration …

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Computational Design And In Vitro And In Vivo Characterization Of An Apoe-Based Synthetic High-Density Lipoprotein For Sepsis Therapy, Ling Guo, Yaxia Yuan, Fang Zhang, Chang-Guo Zhan, Xiangan Li Mar 2025

Computational Design And In Vitro And In Vivo Characterization Of An Apoe-Based Synthetic High-Density Lipoprotein For Sepsis Therapy, Ling Guo, Yaxia Yuan, Fang Zhang, Chang-Guo Zhan, Xiangan Li

Markey Cancer Center Faculty Publications

Introduction: Septic patients have low levels of high-density lipoproteins (HDLs), which is a risk factor. Replenishing HDLs with synthetic HDLs (sHDLs) has shown promise as a therapy for sepsis. This study aimed to develop a computational approach to design and test new types of sHDLs for sepsis treatment. Methods: We used a three-step computational approach to design sHDL nanoparticles based on the structure of HDLs and their binding to endotoxins. We tested the efficacy of these sHDLs in two sepsis mouse models—cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced and P. aeruginosa-induced sepsis models—and assessed their impact on inflammatory signaling in cells. Results: …

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Behavioral Or Nutritional Drive, B. N. Gaskill, H. Davis, R. P. Gosselin, J. P. Garner, J. S. Radcliffe, L. A. Robbins, K. R. Pritchett-Corning Mar 2025

Behavioral Or Nutritional Drive, B. N. Gaskill, H. Davis, R. P. Gosselin, J. P. Garner, J. S. Radcliffe, L. A. Robbins, K. R. Pritchett-Corning

Animal and Food Sciences Faculty Publications

Wire mouse feeders used in laboratory mouse cages typically hold enough food to feed 5 mice for two weeks. However, some mice gnaw the food provided into powder, which they do not ingest. The ground-up food fills the cage, resulting in miscalculations of food consumption, welfare issues with blocked water valves and frequent cage handling, more frequent cage changes, and economic issues of food wastage. There is a dearth of studies attempting to understand the causes behind food grinding behavior. This study, following on from previous work, sought to determine if the motivations behind food grinding were related to a …

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Atp-Sensitive Potassium Channels Alter Glycolytic Flux To Modulate Cortical Activity And Sleep, Nicholas J. Constantino, Caitlin M. Carroll, Holden C. Williams, Hemendra J. Vekaria, Carla M. Yuede, Kai Saito, Patrick W. Sheehan, J. Andy Snipes, Marcus E. Raichle, Erik S. Musiek, Patrick G. Sullivan, Josh M. Morganti, Lance A. Johnson, Shannon L. Macauley Feb 2025

Atp-Sensitive Potassium Channels Alter Glycolytic Flux To Modulate Cortical Activity And Sleep, Nicholas J. Constantino, Caitlin M. Carroll, Holden C. Williams, Hemendra J. Vekaria, Carla M. Yuede, Kai Saito, Patrick W. Sheehan, J. Andy Snipes, Marcus E. Raichle, Erik S. Musiek, Patrick G. Sullivan, Josh M. Morganti, Lance A. Johnson, Shannon L. Macauley

Physiology Faculty Publications

Metabolism plays a key role in the maintenance of sleep/wake states. Brain lactate fluctuations are a biomarker of sleep/wake transitions, where increased interstitial fluid (ISF) lactate levels are associated with wakefulness and decreased ISF lactate is required for sleep. ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels couple glucose-lactate metabolism with excitability. Using mice lacking KATP channel activity (e.g., Kir6.2−/− mice), we explored how changes in glucose utilization affect cortical electroencephalography (EEG) activity and sleep/wake homeostasis. In the brain, Kir6.2−/− mice shunt glucose toward glycolysis, reducing neurotransmitter biosynthesis and dampening cortical EEG activity. Kir6.2−/− mice spent more time …

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The Core Circadian Clock Factor, Bmal1, Transduces Sex-Specific Differences In Both Rhythmic And Nonrhythmic Gene Expression In The Mouse Heart, Xiping Zhang, Spencer B. Procopio, Haocheng Ding, Maya G. Semel, Elizabeth A. Schroder, Mark R. Viggars, Tanya S. Seward, Ping Du, Kevin Wu, Sidney R. Johnson, Abhilash Prabhat, David J. Schneider, Isabel G. Stumpf, Ezekiel R. Rozmus, Zhiguang Huo, Brian P. Delisle, Karyn A. Esser Feb 2025

The Core Circadian Clock Factor, Bmal1, Transduces Sex-Specific Differences In Both Rhythmic And Nonrhythmic Gene Expression In The Mouse Heart, Xiping Zhang, Spencer B. Procopio, Haocheng Ding, Maya G. Semel, Elizabeth A. Schroder, Mark R. Viggars, Tanya S. Seward, Ping Du, Kevin Wu, Sidney R. Johnson, Abhilash Prabhat, David J. Schneider, Isabel G. Stumpf, Ezekiel R. Rozmus, Zhiguang Huo, Brian P. Delisle, Karyn A. Esser

Physiology Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Dysregulated Alveolar Epithelial Cell Progenitor Function And Identity In Hermansky-Pudlak Syndrome, Joanna Y. Wang, Sylvia N. Michki, Sneha Sitaraman, Brandon J. Banaschewski, Reshma Jamal, Jason J. Gokey, Susan M. Lin, Jeremy B. Katzen, Maria C. Basil, Edward Cantu, Jonathan A. Kropski, Jarod A. Zepp, David B. Frank, Lisa R. Young Feb 2025

Dysregulated Alveolar Epithelial Cell Progenitor Function And Identity In Hermansky-Pudlak Syndrome, Joanna Y. Wang, Sylvia N. Michki, Sneha Sitaraman, Brandon J. Banaschewski, Reshma Jamal, Jason J. Gokey, Susan M. Lin, Jeremy B. Katzen, Maria C. Basil, Edward Cantu, Jonathan A. Kropski, Jarod A. Zepp, David B. Frank, Lisa R. Young

Surgery Faculty Publications

Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS) is a genetic disorder of endosomal protein trafficking associated with pulmonary fibrosis in specific subtypes, including HPS-1 and HPS-2. Single-mutant HPS1 and HPS2 mice display increased fibrotic sensitivity while double-mutant HPS1/2 mice exhibit spontaneous fibrosis with aging, which has been attributed to HPS mutations in alveolar epithelial type II (AT2) cells. We utilized HPS mouse models and human lung tissue to investigate mechanisms of AT2 cell dysfunction driving fibrotic remodeling in HPS. Starting at 8 weeks of age, HPS mice exhibited progressive loss of AT2 cell numbers. HPS AT2 cell function was impaired ex vivo and in …

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Amyloid-Β Predominant Alzheimer’S Disease Neuropathologic Change, Gabor G. Kovacs, Yuriko Katsumata, Xian Wu, Khine Zin Aung, David Fardo, Shelley L. Forrest, Peter T. Nelson Feb 2025

Amyloid-Β Predominant Alzheimer’S Disease Neuropathologic Change, Gabor G. Kovacs, Yuriko Katsumata, Xian Wu, Khine Zin Aung, David Fardo, Shelley L. Forrest, Peter T. Nelson

Neurology Faculty Publications

Different subsets of Alzheimer’s disease neuropathologic change (ADNC), including the intriguing set of individuals with severe/widespread amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques but no/mild tau tangles [Aβ-predominant (AP)-ADNC], may have distinct genetic and clinical features. Analysing National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Center data, we stratified 1187 participants into AP-ADNC (n = 95), low Braak primary age-related tauopathy (PART; n = 185), typical-ADNC (n = 832) and high-Braak PART (n = 75). AP-ADNC differed in some clinical features and genetic polymorphisms in the APOE, SNX1, WNT3/MAPT and IGH genes. We conclude that AP-ADNC differs from classical ADNC with implications for in vivo studies.

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Males Differ More Between Developmental Stages Than Females, And Plasticity To Light Is Stage-Dependent In The Tropical Plant Marchantia Inflexa, Jonathan D. Moore, D. Nicholas Mcletchie Feb 2025

Males Differ More Between Developmental Stages Than Females, And Plasticity To Light Is Stage-Dependent In The Tropical Plant Marchantia Inflexa, Jonathan D. Moore, D. Nicholas Mcletchie

Biology Faculty Publications

Plants have evolved strategies to maintain photosynthesis and mitigate tissue-damaging high light. In some dioecious seed plants, these strategies are sexually dimorphic and are linked to spatial segregation of the sexes (SSS) along light gradients. In vascular tissue-free plants (bryophytes) with separate sexes, SSS is common, but how light gradients, sexual dimorphisms, and SSS correlate is not well understood. To test if sexual dimorphisms in vegetative or sexual stages lead to light-associated SSS in bryophytes, we used Marchantia inflexa whose males occupy a wider range of light conditions, including higher light conditions, than females. We also tested if changes in …

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Ear Pinna Growth And Differentiation Is Conserved In Murids And Requires Bmp Signaling For Chondrocyte Proliferation, Robyn S. Allen, Shishir K. Biswas, Ashley W. Seifert Feb 2025

Ear Pinna Growth And Differentiation Is Conserved In Murids And Requires Bmp Signaling For Chondrocyte Proliferation, Robyn S. Allen, Shishir K. Biswas, Ashley W. Seifert

Biology Faculty Publications

Despite being a major target of reconstructive surgery, development of the ear pinna remains poorly studied. Here, we provide a cellular characterization of late gestational and postnatal ear pinna development in two rodents and investigate the role of BMP5 in expansion and differentiation of auricular elastic cartilage. We find that ear pinna development is largely conserved between Mus musculus and the highly regenerative Acomys dimidiatus. The pattern of pre-cartilaginous cells is established early in development. These cells are specified into chondroblasts before ear unfolding and then undergo extensive proliferation before maturation. The elastic cartilage, connective tissue fibroblasts, dermal papilla and …

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Long-Term Agricultural Management Reduces Abundance And Alters Community Structure Of Ground Beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae), Cynthia M. Fiser, Nathan L. Haan, Douglas A. Landis Feb 2025

Long-Term Agricultural Management Reduces Abundance And Alters Community Structure Of Ground Beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae), Cynthia M. Fiser, Nathan L. Haan, Douglas A. Landis

Entomology Faculty Publications

Carabid beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) are beneficial predators and bioindicators of ground-dwelling arthropod diversity in agricultural landscapes. We studied changes in community composition, activity density, and diversity of carabids in a long-term agroecosystem study spanning 30 years in the US Midwest. We contrasted carabid community metrics measured by pitfall trap sampling in two conservation-oriented treatments in a corn-soybean-wheat rotation. One treatment uses conventional practices but with reduced agrochemical inputs (Reduced Input), while the other has no synthetic inputs (Biologically Based). Since a 1994–95 study on the same site, in 2019 overall carabid activity density had declined a minimum of 58–76 % …

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The Mitochondria As An Emerging Target Of Self- Renewal In T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia, Majd Al-Hamaly, Evelyn Winter, Jessica S. Blackburn Feb 2025

The Mitochondria As An Emerging Target Of Self- Renewal In T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia, Majd Al-Hamaly, Evelyn Winter, Jessica S. Blackburn

Markey Cancer Center Faculty Publications

Acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) is the most common leukemia in children, with the T-cell subtype (T- ALL) accounting for 15% of those cases. Despite advancements in the treatment of T-ALL, patients still face a dismal prognosis following their first relapse. Relapse can be attributed to the inability of chemotherapy agents to eradicate leukemia stem cells (LSC), which possess self-renewal capabilities and are responsible for the long-term maintenance of the disease. Mitochondria have been recognized as a therapeutic vulnerability for cancer stem cells, including LSCs. Mitocans have shown promise in T-ALL both in vitro and in vivo, with some currently in …

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