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Nutrient Profiling And Identification Of Genetic Marker For Azolla Sp., Upendra Kumar, Anjani Kumar, N. Umakanta, T. B. Bagchi, Sangita Mohanty, Awadhesh Kumar, Md Shahid, A. K. Nayak

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Azolla (mosquito fern, duckweed fern, fairy moss and water fern) is a genus of seven species of aquatic ferns. They float on the surface of water by means of scale-like leaves, with their roots hanging in the water. Azolla is able to fix unlinked nitrogen (N₂) directly from the atmosphere because of its endosymbiotic blue alga Anabaena azollae (Van Hove, 1989), and is thus a very promising supply of nitrogen to aquatic ecosystems. In recent years, apart of traditional cultivation of Azolla as a bio-fertilizer for wetland paddy, also find increasing use for sustainable production of livestock feed. …

Can Unconventional Immunomodulatory Agents Help Alleviate Covid-19 Symptoms And Severity?, Stephen W. Mamber, Steven Krakowka, Jeffrey L. Osborn, Lloyd Saberski, Ryan G. Rhodes, Albert E. Dahlberg, Sunthorn Pond-Tor, Kara Fitzgerald, Neal Wright, Sarah Beseme, John Mcmichael

Biology Faculty Publications

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS coronavirus 2, or SARS-CoV-2) is the cause of the respiratory infection known as COVID-19. From an immunopathological standpoint, coronaviruses such as SARS-CoV-2 induce increased levels of a variety of T-helper 1 (Th1) and inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, including interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-6, CCL2 protein, and CXCL10 protein. In the absence of proven antiviral agents or an effective vaccine, substances with immunomodulatory activity may be able to inhibit inflammatory and Th1 cytokines and/or yield an anti-inflammatory and/or Th2 immune response to counteract COVID-19 symptoms and severity. This report briefly describes the following four unconventional but …

Functional Characterization Of Siberian Wild Rye Grass Eshsp 16.9 Gene Conferring Diverse Stress Tolerance In Prokaryotic Cells, Ki-Won Lee, Ki-Yong Kim, Hee-Chung Ji, Tae-Young Hwang, Sang-Hoon Lee

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Siberian wild rye (Elymus sibiricus L.) is a perennial, caespitose, and self-pollinating grass indigenous to Northern Asia and also is widely distributed from Northern Europe to Japan. The plant shows strong environmental adaptability with tolerance to drought and cold; thus, it is often used as forage resources (Yan et al., 2007). Environmental stresses caused by global warming are acknowledged to be as a serious issue in agriculture due to reductions of crop productivity (Ahuja et al., 2010). Genetic natural breeding of Siberian wild rye would potentially increase the productivity of forage crops; however, genetic studies on this …

Reviewing Fire, Climate, Deer, And Foundation Species As Drivers Of Historically Open Oak And Pine Forests And Transition To Closed Forests, Brice B. Hanberry, Marc D. Abrams, Mary A. Arthur, J. Morgan Varner

Forestry and Natural Resources Faculty Publications

Historically open oak and pine savannas and woodlands have transitioned to closed forests comprised of increased numbers of tree species throughout the eastern United States. We reviewed evidence for and against a suite of previously postulated drivers of forest transition focused on (1) change in fire regimes, (2) increased precipitation, (3) increased white-tailed deer densities, and (4) loss of American chestnut. We found that fire and fire exclusion provide a parsimonious mechanism for historical dominance by open forests of fire-tolerant oak and/or pine species and subsequent transition to closed forests with fire-sensitive tree species that fill the vertical profile. Based …

A Study Of Molecular Interface Of Grass-Herbivory Interaction In Grass, Xiaoxia Li, Gongshe Liu, Shuangyan Chen, Zhipeng Liu, Liqin Cheng

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Grass-herbivore interaction is a complex process that involves wounding effects caused by herbivore feeding, defoliation effects due to leaf-surface loss during grazing, and the deposition of herbivore saliva onto the surface of plants (Chen et al., 2009). Wounding can stimulate plant growth but clearly differs from grazing (Mattiacci et al., 1995). Defoliation affects root development in grasses and alters the carbohydrate-metabolism pathway in rice. Saliva has been found to stimulate plant growth, enhance tiller and increase biomass. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms of plant responses to grazing in molecular level. In our previous transcriptome studies, many …

Establishment And Early Growth Of Improved Brachiaria Cultivars In Different Agro-Ecological Zones Of Kenya, Donald M. G. Njarui, Clotilda O. Nekesa, Elkana Nyambati, Mwangi Gatheru, Sita R. Ghimire, Joseph G. Mureithi

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Livestock feed scarcity is a salient feature in East Africa (Njarui et al., 2011) and it is a major constraint to livestock productivity particularly during the dry seasons. The recent interest in livestock development in Kenya fueled by rising demands of animal products has led to research in identifying drought tolerant, productive and persistence forages to support livestock productivity. Brachiaria grasses have shown a great potential in South America and Australia as livestock feed. It is the most widely cultivated forage in tropical America, with estimated acreage of 99 million hectares in Brazil alone (Jank et al., 2014), …

Evaluation Of Tropical Herbaceous Legumes For Drought Resistance In Myanmar, Jue Jue, Nang Khan Hline, Khin San Mu, Moe Thida Htun, Lwin Naing Oo, Soe Min Thien, Dezin Soe Lwin, Jenny Hanks, Ganda Nakamanee, Werner Stür, Aung Aung

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Animal nutrition systems in the tropical and subtropical countries utilize a wide range of feedstuffs, mainly the crops and agricultural by-products, grasses, legumes, trees and shrubs. During the dry season, the crude protein concentration in the native grasses can drop below 3% crude protein (Atta-Krah and Reynolds, 1989). Fodder tree is not sufficient and is of low quality in Myanmar (Myo and Aye, 2007). Shrubs represent an enormous potential source of protein for ruminants in the tropics (Devendra, 1992). Browses are rich in nitrogen and minerals which are low in other conventional feeds of tropical regions. Herbaceous legume species play …

Selection Of Suitable Varieties Of Grasses For Myanmar, Nang Khan Hline, Khin San Mu, Moe Thida Htun, Lwin Naing Oo, Soe Min Thien, Dezin Soe Lwin, Jue Jue, Aung Aung, Jenny Hanks, Werner Stür, Ganda Nakamanee

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The basal feed resources for ruminants available in most developing countries in the tropics are crop residues, pasture from infertile land, for example communal land, or agro-industrial by-products. These are low in protein and of low digestibility. A major problem facing livestock producers in tropical areas is proper nutrition for their animals during the dry season when pastures, cereal residues and maize stover are limiting in nutritional quality. The researchers in Myanmar have tried to improve the nutritive value of fibrous agricultural residues. Aung Aung et al. (2006) supplemented the sesame and chickpea husk to bulls fed on urea-treated …

Fodder Productivity Of Different Genotypes Of Cenchrus Ciliaris Under Hot Arid Climate Of Thar Desert, M. P. Rajora, R. K. Bhatt, S. K. Jindal, C. S. Shantharaja

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Indian arid zone occupies about 31.7 million ha of land, of which 62% lies in western Rajasthan. The climate of the area is typically arid, characterized by hot dry summers, sub-humid monsoon and cold dry winters. The soils are coarse loamy sand with low level of nutrients. These factors render cropping an undependable proposition, while animal husbandry remains the main stake of the local people. Lasiurus sindicus, Cenchrus ciliaris, C. setigerus, Panicum antidotale, P. turgidum and Cymbopogon spp., are the main perennial grasses grow in this area. These grasses had three folds advantages in the arid agricultural economy, …

Performance Of Guinea Grass Variety Jhgg-08-1 In Southern Region Of Karnataka, M. R. Krishnappa, B. G. Shekara, H. C. Lohithaswa, N. M. Chikkarugi, N. Manasa

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Guinea grass (Panicum maximum) is native to Africa but this grass was introduced to almost all tropical countries as a source of animal forage. It grows well on a wide variety of well drained soils of good fertility and it is suitable for vegetative barrier and conservation of soil. It can survive quick moving fires which does not harm the underground roots and drought because of the deep, dense and fibrous root system. The Potentiality of the varieties varies with agro climatic situation and soil type. Keeping these things in view, the present investigation was taken up to …

Drought Effect On Yield Of Forages Grass Species, Michal Kvasnovský, Pavel Knot, Lucia Hodulíková, Iva Klusoňová

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Climate change (rising temperatures, lengthening of the growing season, increasing evaporation) significantly affects agricultural production in traditional production areas of Central Europe, as illustrated by example better results in growing of corn on its northern or upper height limit. Changes in the amounts and timing of rainfall events will probably affect ecosystem processes, including those that control carbon (C) cycling and storage. In relation to the ongoing global warming, it is desirable to test resistance of grass species to a lack of moisture. Seasonal variation in precipitation and temperature are important controls of soil and plant processes in grasslands. (Fiala …

Forage Rye Cultivars For Animal Feed In Korea, Ouk-Kyu Han, Jong-Jin Hwang, Hyeong-Ho Park, Tae-Il Park, Ja-Hwan Ku, Young-Up Kwon, Soon-Jong Kwoen, Kwang-Geun Park

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Rye (Secale cereal L.) is well known for its overwintering ability and has the highest tolerance to cold temperature of the small grain cereals such as wheat, barley, and oat. Rye is used as livestock pasture and as green manure in Korea, and its cultivation area for fodder is about 50,000 ha in 2014. Most rye is grown as a fall-sown annual crop, generally called “winter rye”. In Korea, rye cultivation for whole crop silage (WCS) in the winter-season rice field can be considered as a promising way to enhance feed supply. The WCS production can be an efficient …

Breeding Strategies For Improving Fodder Security In Semi-Arid Tropics (Sat), Vijay Kumar Yadav, P. Kaushal, P. K. Ghosh

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Semi-Arid Tropic region extends in 55 countries of the world mostly developing nations which extend from Asia to Africa and provides home for 38 % of total poor of the world (Thornton et al., 2000). South Asia holds maximum areas under SAT which is followed by the countries from African continent and South America. The region is under tremendous change and facing acute problem of water, land degradation and soil health and loss of biodiversity. Demand for livestock product in the region is growing much more rapidly than the demand for food grains. Livestock numbers have increased significantly in all …

Yield And Yield Component Development In Dual-Purpose Barley, A. K. Singh, Pradeep Saxena

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is a widely adapted small-grain annual cereal and is a key feed and fodder in India (Kharub et al., 2013). Barley can provide nutrition to the animals through its green fodder at vegetative stage and grains after harvest from the regenerated plants. The vegetative portion of the crop is valuable as a source of pasture, cut green forage, and straw. Their relative importance is determined at different ontogenetic stages of plant. An area of barley breeding receiving increasing attention is the development of dual-purpose (green forage and grain) varieties for plains as well as …

Development Of High Fodder-Yielding Sweet Sorghum Strain Madhura-2 (Nari-Ss-5) For Production Under Monsoon And Post-Monsoon Seasons, Vrijendra Singh, Chanda Nimbkar, C. S. Khore, Nandini Nimbkar

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Sweet sorghum owing to its high fodder yielding ability coupled with sweet and juicy stalks is more often used as a fodder crop in India than for its intended use as a sugar or bio-energy crop (Nimbkar et al., 2010). In addition, fodder quality of sweet sorghum is as good as that of the fodder sorghums. Sweet sorghum is also produced as forage in China (Zhu, 1998) and USA (Suttie, 2000). Sorghum genotypes rich in sugar are reported to have a better quality of fodder than the regular genotypes with low sugar content (Singh and Katiyar, 2003). With its …

Persistence Of Red Clover (Trifolium Pratense L.) Is Highly Related To Plant Population: Preliminary Studies On Isoflavones That Could Act As Insect Deterrents, Fernando Ortega, Andrés Quiroz, Leonardo Parra, Ana Mutis, Emilio Hormazabal, Muriel Melo

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) is a valuable legume in Chile whose importance is mainly as forage for animal and seed production. Although it is considered as perennial, its production declines after the second year of established due to a complex of multiple biotic and abiotic factors (Taylor and Quesenberry, 1996, Ortega et al., 2014); in Chile this is due mainly to the infestation by the red clover root borer Hylastinus obscurus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Currently there is no an efficient control method against this insect. Therefore, breeding cultivars that are less attractive to the root borer and the …

Evaluation On Mengnong Clover No.1--China's First Variety Of Caucasian Clover (Trifolium Ambiguum Bieb.), Mingjiu Wang, Ying Zhou, Lijun He, Fan Huang, Jingli He

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Many research reports about Caucasian clover (Trifolium ambiguum Bieb.) could be retrieved. A breeding research for Caucasian clover was started since 1996 in Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, China. The goal was to breed new varieties with strong cold resistance and drought, salt tolerance, as well as quick regenerating capacity after use. By December 2012, China's first new variety of Caucasian clover - "Mengnong clover No.1" (Mc No.1) was successfully registered by Forage Variety Approval Committee of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. Through a comparison test with red clover (T. pratense ) and white clover (T. repens), …

Development Of A Reference Set Of Sorghum (Sorghum Spp.) For Cyanogenic Potential (Hcn-P) And Evaluating Their Fodder Yield Traits, B. J. Karthikeyan, C. Babu, A. John Joel, S. Ganeshram

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) the fifth most important cereal crop of the world is also valued for its fodder and stover. In India, fodder sorghum is grown in 2.6 mha mainly in western UP, Haryana, Punjab, Rajasthan and Delhi and fulfils over two-third of the fodder demand.

Sorghum has four desirable qualities viz., high dry matter yield, light, water and nitrogen use efficiency. Sorghum stover is valued over all other sources of fodder. Thus, sorghum is used as fodder to the domestic animals for its better performance. The projected demand for fodder in India in 2020 is expected …

Gut Microbiome-Modified Polyphenolic Compounds Inhibit Α-Synuclein Seeding And Spreading In Α-Synucleinopathies, Tritia R. Yamasaki, Kenjiro Ono, Lap Ho, Giulio M. Pasinetti

Neurology Faculty Publications

Misfolding, aggregation and deposition of α-synuclein (α-syn) are major pathologic characteristics of Parkinson’s disease (PD) and the related synucleinopathy, multiple system atrophy (MSA). The spread of α-syn pathology across brain regions is thought to play a key role in the onset and progression of clinical phenotypes. Thus, there is increasing interest in developing strategies that target and attenuate α-syn aggregation and spread. Recent studies of brain-penetrating polyphenolic acids, namely, 3-hydroxybenzoic acid (3-HBA), 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (3,4-diHBA), and 3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid (3-HPPA) that are derived from gut microbiota metabolism of dietary polyphenols, show in vitro ability to effectively modulate α-syn misfolding, oligomerization, and …

Effects Of Polyethylene Glycol-Induced Water Stress On The Physiological And Biochemical Responses Of Different Sorghum Genotypes, Jeong-Sung Jung, Zada Muhammad, Ki-Won Lee, Jin-Youg Mun, Hyung-Soo Park, Young-Jin Kim, Won-Ho Kim, Sang-Hoon Lee, Sang-Hack Lee

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Globally, abiotic stress is the primary cause of crop loss, reducing the average yields of most major crop plants by more than 50% (Bray et. al., 2000). Drought stress is one of the most widespread environmental stresses when the total area of arable land is classified according to the occurrence of various stress factors (Arora et al., 2002).

Drought and other abiotic stresses limit the photosynthetic activity of various crops, which in turn reduces the production of photosynthetic assimilates. Almost every developmental stage of the plant is affected by water stress. However, it has been observed that drought …

Genetic Variability In Napier Grass (Pennisetum Purpureum) Germplasm Conserved At Icrisat Genebank, Santosh K. Pattanashetti, H. D. Upadhyaya, Michael Blummel, K. N. Reddy, Y. Ramanareddy, Vinod Kumar, Sube Singh

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Napier grass or elephant grass [Pennisetum purpureum Schum.] is an important forage crop in tropical and sub-tropical regions valued for its high biomass production, perennial nature, pest resistance, and forage quality. It is a unique grass species with high dry matter, which sustains its utilization for direct animal grazing and as a feed complement during drought periods. It has additional advantages like preventing soil erosion and improving soil fertility. Napier grass also has potential for bioenergy production and conversion to alcohol or methane due to its rapid growth and degradable biomass characteristics. The present study was planned to assess …

Predicting The Yield Potential Of Guinea Grass (Panicum Maximum Jacq.) Genotypes Across India Through G X E Analysis, C. Babu, K. Iyanar, A. Kalamani

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

A native of Africa, Guinea grass (Panicum maximum Jacq.) was introduced to almost all tropical countries as a source of animal fodder. It is an ideal forage plant being perennial in growth habit, grows well on a wide variety of soils and tolerant of shade and fire, but not to water logging or severe drought. It also responds quickly to fertilizer and watering. Because of these desirable features, guinea grass is well established throughout tropical countries of both hemispheres where it plays an important role in dairy production.

Owing to the cultivation of this crop in varied agro-climatic conditions …

Molecular Diversity In Sewan Grass (Lasiurus Sindicus Henr.): A Natural Inhabitant Of Hot Arid Ecosystem Of Thar Desert, Rajwant K. Kalia, R. K. Bhatt, Ramavtar Sharma, M. P. Rajora, Rama Dadheech

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Lasiurus sindicus Henr., locally known as “Sewan”, a member of family poaceae, is a tufted perennial, forming a more or less oblique and woody rhizomatous rootstock with many shoots arising from the base, often appearing almost bushy. This grass has developed a number of morphological, anatomical and biochemical strategies to withstand the extreme climatic conditions. The leaves show characteristic C₄ NADP-ME type of anatomy and have developed sclerenchyma to impart mechanical strength during drought and high wind. Sewan is a dominating grass species of Dichanthium-Cenchrus–Lasiurus type grass lands of hot arid ecosystem of Great Indian Desert, covering western Rajasthan …

Genetic Variability In Sorghum Exotic Accessions For Nutritional Attributes And Methane Emission Potential, Sultan Singh, D. C. Joshi, R. V. Kumar

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Sorghum an important fodder crop grown for multiple uses as fodder, food and fuel constitute major chunk of forage produced in India. Over the past years Indian farmer’s preference to dual purpose sorghum has changed. Introduction of dual-purpose sorghum varieties to sustain rural development, enhance renewable energy production and improve food security has been stressed Genetic variability of sorghum may be exploited to bred dual purpose hybrids/varieties for higher fodder yield without compromising grain yield.Substantial variations in the fodder value of sorghum stovers have been reported that supports the concept of genetic enhancement to improve dual-purpose sorghum cultivars. Under the …

Wild Halophyte Plants As Potential Fodder Resource Under Extreme Saline Environment Of Kachchh, Gujarat, India, Shamsudheen Mangalassery, Devi Dayal, A. K. Mishra, Sachin Patel, Nisha Goswami

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Rann of Kachchh in North West India is a unique saline marshy desert. It is described as "a desolate area of unrelieved, sun-baked saline clay desert, shimmering with the images of a perpetual mirage"(Mountfort et al., 1991) and is regarded as the largest salt desert in the world. In the Indian part it stretches in 7505.22 sq. km known as Great Rann and 4,953 sq. km known as Little Rann. The Ranns turns into marshy land by inundated water from runoff during monsoonal rainfall and water driven by forces of winds and tides from Arabian Sea making the area unapproachable …

Role Of Panicum Turgidum Dominated Rangelands In Conservation Of Caralluma Edulis In Thar Desert, India, Kulloli Ravikiran Ningappa, Suresh Kumar, J. P. Singha

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Rangelands are colonized vast natural landscapes in the form of grasslands. These are mostly dominated by native grass species. Once a patch is colonized by a pioneer species, complex interactions may develop among plants of different species. The frequency of positive interactions has been shown to be high in harsh environments, particular in arid environments, where it has been identified as a driving mechanism of vegetation dynamics (Bruno et al., 2003). These processes commonly involve nurse plants (Niering et al., 1963) that facilitate the establishment of other plants species beneath their canopies (Franco and Nobel, 1988). Based on …

Genetic Diversity Analysis Of Mutant Lines Of Oat (Avena Sativa L.) Based On Rapd And Issr Analysis, Anoop Kumar Mehta, M. H. Basha, V. K. Gour, M. Neeta, S. K. Biliaya, Satish Kachare

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The genus Avena belongs to the grass family Poaceae and has ploidy levels of diploid, tetraploid and hexaploid with basic chromosome number of 7 (n=7). Oat (Avena sativa L.) is one of the most important forage and feed crops of the world. Oat is used as green fodder, straw, hay or silage. Oat grain makes a good balanced concentrate in the rations for poultry, cattle, sheep and other animals. Green fodder contains about 10 to 13% protein and 30 to 35% dry matter. Despite being high fed fodder crop, it is now gaining importance as food due to its …

Genetic Improvement And Conservation Of Range And Forage Species Of Arid Region Of Rajasthan State Of India: Achievements And Challenges, Surendra Singh Shekhawat

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Forage crops and grasses are important in arid region of Rajasthan state of India because most of the area is rainfed. Main occupation of the farmers in the area is animal husbandry. Important green fodder crops of this region are, viz. pearl millet, cowpea, cluster bean and sorghum in Kharif season and oats, lucerne and barley (dual purpose) during Rabi season. Three perennial fodder grasses, viz. Lasiurus sindicus, Cenchrus ciliaris and Cenchrus setigerus are important in the region. Guinea grass and bajra x napier hybrid can also be cultivated where sufficient water is available throughout the year from canal …

Amino Acid Requirements In Horses, Chan Hee Mok, Kristine L. Urschel

Animal and Food Sciences Faculty Publications

Evaluating amino acid requirements, specifically threonine requirements, in horses will enable better feed formulation and result in economic production, improved animal health, and reduced environmental pollution. However, the current knowledge of protein and amino acid requirements in horses is still limited. Because horses have a unique digestive system and consume a variety of feed ingredients, their protein digestibility may be affected than other species by different feed composition, and thus amino acid requirements are susceptible to vary between situations. Therefore, a careful evaluation of amino acid require ments with a proper method is needed for various conditions. This review will …

Myeloid-Specific Deficiency Of Pregnane X Receptor Decreases Atherosclerosis In Ldl Receptor-Deficient Mice, Yipeng Sui, Zhaojie Meng, Se-Hyung Park, Wei-Wei Lu, Christopher Livelo, Qi Chen, Tong Zhou, Changcheng Zhou

Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences Faculty Publications

Abstract The pregnane X receptor (PXR) is a nuclear receptor that can be activated by numerous drugs and xenobiotic chemicals. PXR thereby functions as a xenobiotic sensor to coordinately regulate host responses to xenobiotics by transcriptionally regulating many genes involved in xenobiotic metabolism. We have previously reported that PXR has pro-atherogenic effects in animal models, but how PXR contributes to atherosclerosis development in different tissues or cell types remains elusive. In this study, we generated an LDL receptor-deficient mouse model with myeloid-specific PXR deficiency (PXR^ΔMyeLDLR^−/−) to elucidate the role of macrophage PXR signaling in atherogenesis. The …