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On The Improvement Of Natural Meadow By Using Shepherding Fences, Wang Ching Jui, Cao Xi Min

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The shepherding fence is an effective measure for mankind to make reasonable use of the animal factor to influence and transform the plant community on the subalpine meadow, to achieve the cultivation of the meadow in a direction-finding way and to increase the productivity of the meadow. It can enable us to use animals to cultivate grasses, promote the growth of the grasses for livestock, and lengthen the utilizing seasons of the meadow. Our six-year experiments and researches have proved that the shepherding fence can increase the output of the unit area on the meadow by 4.5-7 times.

Using Creature And Its Nitrogen Fixation To Enhance The Soil Fertility, Dong Min-Fu

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Proper rotation of crops, combination of great promotion of growing green manure and herbage with development of animal husbandry, and use of creature and its nitrogen fixation to accumulate organic matter and increase nitrogen in the soil prove to be an effective way to improve the physiochemical properties of soil and its structure, and enhance the soil fertility.

Manurial Value Of By-Product From The Marine Industry On The Growth Of Oat, H Takizawa, H Nagai, H Miyazaki

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

There are many sorts of discharge around the marine industry in Hokkaido. An attempt was carried out to process one of the discharges, to be called Froth or Scum, some of which contains ether-extract (Lipid) at concentration more than 60%, moreover to evaluate the manurial value of raw material by oat in comparison with it fermented aerobically. Even the Froth having more than 60% of Lipid could be processed on mixing fermented material in proportion to 10%, which resulted in making it 30% below. Variability of moisture content, pH value and nutrient composition, Lipid content on DM of pre to …

Preliminary Fertilizer Requirement Studies For Legume Based Pasture In Mid-Altitude Zone, Central Yunnan Province, Wang Jinjing, J R. Bruce-Smith, Li Jixin, Wang Mingliang

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

There are large areas of hilly land swathed in poor native pasture in Yunnan. While not suited for intensive cropping, the mid altitude areas (1500-3000m) seem ideally suited for development into legume based permanent pastures capable of supporting a substantial grazing industry. The objective of a joint Chinese -Australian project is to find suitable pasture species and define their fertilizer requirements at selected sites within the Province. The field and glass house experiments described here demonstrate there is a need for phosphorous and possibly lime as an essential part of successful legume establishment. There is also an additional requirement for …

Regulating Grass And Clover Growth With Mefludide, R J. Haggar, S P. Isaac

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

A three-year study on the use of mefluidide, a plant growth regulator, for suppressing seed-head production in a range of grass is reported. The first stage, involving the evaluation of a range of does and timings on up to nine grass species, indicated the potential of mefluidide applied at 150 g ha-1 in early spring to prevent the normal decline in herbage quality associated with flowering and to transfer growth from spring to mid-summer, albeit at a loss of some 30% in total dry-matter production. A supplementary investigation showed that white clover was reasonably tolerant to mefluidide treatment although a …

Preliminary Study On The Effect Of Spraying Myricyl Alchohol (1-Hydroxyriacontane, N-Triacontanol) Upon Chinese Wildrye, Wang Yulin, Luo Xinyi, Chai Feng0jiu

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The objective of this experiment was to determine the effect of different concentration, amount and spraying times of the plant growth hormone on Chinese Wildrye production, with the orthogonal comparison. It has been found by the orthogonal analysis that fresh yield per mu mas increased by 11.92%, 12.95%; 17.34%, 7.5%; 11.11%, 13.17%; in the treatment of solution concentration of 0.1 ppm, 0.05ppm; spraying times of 1, 2; solution amount of 10 kg, 20 kg per mu, as compared with that control trial (225.3 kg per mu of fresh yield), respectively. The treatment of concentration of 0.05 ppm, spraying times of …

Relationship Between Germination Tests And Field Emergence Of Perennial Warm-Season Forage Grasses, F H. Hsu, C J. Nelson

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Perennial warm-season forage grasses can be valuable components of forage systems to improve animal performance in summer, but they are difficult to get established. Therefore, two germination tests and two field experiments were conducted to determine relationships between seed germination and field emergence. Chilled and unchilled seed of big bluestem (Andropogon gerardi Vitman), caucasian bluestem ( Bothriochloa caocasica (Prin.) C. E. Hubb.), indiangrass ( Sorghastrum nutans (L.) Nash.), and switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) were germinated at different temperatures. Unchilled seed were planted in the field near Columbia, MO., at approximately 2-week intervals from early April to late June in …

Field Performance Of Tall Fescue Selected For Leaf-Area Expansion Rate, C J. Nelson, D A. Sleper, J H. Coutts

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Several morphological characters have been associated with yield of forage grasses. Our objective was to evaluate field performance of four generations of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) that had been selected for differences in leaf area expansion rate (LAE). Yield of reproductive growth at two locations was influenced very little by selection for high LAE, despite a reduction in density of both reproductive and vegetative tillers. Conversely, selection for high LAE led to an increased yield of vegetative regrowth due to higher leaf elongation rate (LER) and higher weight/tiller (WIT) for vegetative tillers that more than offset a decreased …

The Potential For Seed Production Of Tropical Pasture Species In Zambia, J Kulich

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

One of the major constraints for forage development in Zambia is the shortage of seeds of the desired species. It has been necessary to import seed using scarce foreign exchange. A three-year study was conducted at the National Irrigation Research Station, Mazabuka, Zambia, to identify potential seed yields for seven tropical forage legumes and three forage grasses. The promising species were established in replicated pure stands. Basal (PK) fertilisers were applied, including nitrogen for the grasses. Seed was harvested by hand each time a seed crop matured. The weight of clean dry seed was recorded and the seed was assessed …

Evaluation Of Orchardgrass And Alfalfa For Its Nutritive Value And Voluntary Intake By Neutral Detergent Analysis, T Ishiguri

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

A series of trials has been carried out over a ten-year period to determine the ad lib. intake and digestibility of clipped orchardgrass and alfalfa fed at several growth stages to wethers. Forage and feces were fractionated into cell wall (CW) and cell content (CC) with neutral detergent solution, moreover the digestibility and the digestible amount of CW, CC were determined. The changing amount of digestible dry matter (D DM) in grass and legume related to the amount of digestible CC and indigestible CW, whereas digestible CW was observed to have little relation.

orchardgrass varied little between the first cut …

Lamb Performance On Extended Season Grazing Of Brassica Pekinensis X B. Rapa, D W. Koch, F C. Ernst Jr, N R. Leonard, R R. Hedberg, J R. Mitchell

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Brassica pekinensis X B. rapa var. tyfon was evaluated for its potential for extending the grazing season and utilization for finishing lambs. Tyfon was seeded without tillage in mid-July and grazing was initiated in each of two years about 70 days after seeding with lambs which had previously grazed clover-grass. A similar group was placed on a balanced ration of hay and grain. Tyfon maintained high quality throughout the grazing period, which was 45 days in 1983 and 68 days in 1984. Lambs gained an average 214 and 249 g day-1 in 1983 and 1984, respectively, on tyfon, while lambs …

Effect Of Cutting Barley (Hordeum Vulgare L.) And Wheat (Triticum Oestivum L.) On The Yield Of Grain And Straw With Special Reference To The Nutritive Value Of The Green Forage Cut, M S. Nowar, S Y. Sherif, G A. Abdel-Rahman, S N. Abdel-Baki, K M. El-Gindi

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

It was intended to study the possibility of cutting green barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) before obtaining grains. The grains of the two crops were sown in broadcasting. Half of the cultivated area of both crops were cut manually at 30 cm plant height, while the others were left as controls. Two digestibility trials using 3 fistulated castrated Ossimi rams were carried on the green forage cut of barley and wheat. The obtained results are summarized as follow:

1. The values of in vitro disappearance, in vivo digestion coefficients (except EE), nutritive value (SV, …

Feeding Value In Grain And Straw Of Paddy Rice At The Different Stage, K Taji, S Kumai, R Fukumi, E Horiuchu

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Experiments were carried out to estimate the feeding value and the rate of undigested excretion of starch in grain and ammoniated straw (AS) of paddy at the dough and the ripe stage. The plant material used was Matsuyama Mii, a late variety. Materials and experimental animals for the digestion trial were rough rice and AS, and sheep, respectively. In chemical composition, each content of crude fat (CF) and crude ash (CA) of the ripe rough rice (RRR) was higher than that of the dough rough rice (DRR), and moreover, each content of CF and CA of AS at the dough …

Development Of The Practical Use Of Water Hyacinth As The Water Purification And The Feed Of Animals, M Shimizu, K Kabata, N Ashikari, I Goto, T Sawada

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

1. The global prolific growth of water hyacinth (Eichhomia crassipes) and effect of its vigorous reproduction on the environment is an increasing serious world-wide problem challenging an environmental menace. But Fortunatly, it contains much protein and essential amino acid. From above mentioned characteristics the plants are probably the most promising species for feed of animals and nutrient removal from eutrophic water. But unfortunately, the plants are so succulent that the practical use has not been realized. From such circumstances, we want to solve the hard problems by cutting down production expenses for the practical utilization of the plants. …

Cattle Performance On Tall Fescue Cultivars Varying In Forage Quality And Levels Of Endophyte Infestation, R C. Buckner, R W. Hemken, J A. Boling, P B. Burrus Jr, L P. Bush, J A. Jackson Jr, M R. Siegel, G D. Lacefield

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

A fungal endophyte, Acremonium coenophialum, and alkaloids of tall fescue may prevent the realization of improved performance of animals consuming cultivars bred for superior forage quality. Beef and dairy cattle performance was studied using tall fescue cultivars varying in forage quality, in potential to produce alkaloids, and in levels of A. coenophialum infestaion. Comparative performance of growing beef and mid-lactation Holstein cattle was evaluated using forage from a seed lot of Kentucky 31 with ca. 75% endophyte infestation and from another seed lot without infestation and Kenhy and G 1-320 cultivars with improved forage quality and low levels of …

Productivity Of Morphologically Different Sown Tropical Grass Pastures Grown Under Similar Conditions, B G. Robbins, J J. Bushell

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

A reduction in animal production as sown grass pastures age has been identified as a serious problem on clay soils in south-east Queenland. To determine if this decline in productivity varied between sown grasses or mainly depended on some aspect of soilfertility, such as soil available nitrogen (N), a three year experiment was conducted at Gayndah (730 mm average annual rainfall). In this replicated grazing trial, six morphologically different grass pastures (native grasses (Heteropo­gon/Bothriochloa); angleton grass (Dichanthium aristatum); creeping bluegrass (Bothriochloainsculpta); purple pigeon grass ( Setaria porphyran tha); green panic (Panicum maximum) …

Composition And Nutritive Value Of Diets Selected By Sheep And Goats On Four Pasture Types, E C. Prigge, D B. Mpiri, W B. Bryan

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Esophageally fistulated sheep (Ovis aries) and goats (Capra hircus) were compared in relation to the composition and nutritive value of ingesta collected by grazing four pasture types. The pasture types are described as Improved Pasture, Unimproved Pasture, Unimproved Pasture with Low Scrub and High Scrub. The scrub consisted mainly of hawthorne (Crataegus sp.) and blackberry (Rubus sp.). Samples of herbage and esophageal extrusa were visually separated into four forage classes (legumes, grass, forbs/browse and dead material). A significant (P < .01) animal species x type of pasture interaction was evident in regard to the preference for the various forage classes. The goats consumed much larger proportions of browse than the sheep on the pastures containing scrub. Few differences were evident between goats and sheep in nutritive value of the ingesta within pasture type.

The Effect Of Silage Quality And Level Of Concentrate On The Dry Matter Intake And Milk Production Of British Friesian Heifers, R H. Phipps, J A. Bines, J Thomas, A Cooper, R J. Wilkins

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Trials have shown that both silage quality and level of concentrate are major factors influencing dry matter (DM) intake and milk production with adult dairy cows but there are few data relating to heifers.Seventy-two British Friesian heifers were divided into two groups during weeks 3-12 of lactation and received ad Iibitum either good quality (G) or poor quality (P) grass silage. The in vitro digestible organic matter in the dry matter was 68 and 60 for silages G and P, respectively. In addition, the heifers in each group consumed concentrate at either a low (4.3 kg DM/day), medium (6.4 kg …

Intake Of Grassland - Hay By Dairy Cows And Its Potential Meet Requirements Of Maintenance And Milk Production, J P. Dulphy, C Beranger, D Micol

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

There have been few recent studies on the use of grass-hays by dairy cows, probably as a result of the importance given to studies on silage. Therefore 9 grass-hays, harvested in good conditions, were prepared and fed to dairy cows. With a CP content of 133 g/kg DM and an O.M. digestibility of 64.4%, the intake of these hays was 2.07 % of live weight (12.65 kgDM/animal/day). Their energy supply was sufficient to cover the maintenance needs of the cows, and a mean theoretical daily production of 8.1 kg of milk. The real production was 20.1 kg, and the difference …

An Expert Nirs Forage System, John S. Shenk, M O. Westerhaus

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) has become an accepted technique to analyze the nutritive value of forage and feedstuffs. Recent advancements have been made in developing universal calibration equations that can be transferred from instrument to instrument. This advancement has made it possible to use NIRS as the analytical component of expert system software in conjunction with livestock feeding models. The software is flexible to provide information for research, extension, and industry applications. The incorporation of NIRS into an expert system promises to make possible new advancements in efficiency of livestock production.

Research For Selection Criteria For Grass Quality, Based Upon Animal References, M Gillet, J Scehovic, M Lila

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In an effort to find selection criteria for intake and digestibility, based on correlations with the same characters measured on animals, we have compared 4 to 6 grasses of similar heading dates for intake, palatability, digestibility by sheep, intake by goats and many laboratory tests. 1979 results were published for Lexington Congress. Results of 1980 and 1981 springs bear them out in several points :

- palatability was a very precise and stable test

- palatability, digestibility and goat intake were stable and correlated with each other

- soluble phenols were able to predict palatability and part of digestibility

-sheep …

The Effect Of The Species, Stage Of Maturity And Level Of Intake Of Grass On The Efficiency Of Microbial Protein Synthesis In The Rumen Of Cattle, F J. Hart, Jane Leibholz

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

This study was undertaken because there is a paucity of information in the literature on the efficiency of microbial protein synthesis in the rumen of cattle when grass is fed as the sole diet. There is also little experimental data available on the factors which affect the efficiency of microbial protein synthesis. The work involved feeding six rumen fistulated Friesian steers with three species of grass which were harvested at various tages of maturity. In addition each maturity of forage was fed at three 15levels of orp5 nic matter ( OM) intake.

as sampled at the omasum and microbial protein …

Protein Structure Influences Redox Stability, Oxygen Affinity, And Heat-Induced Denaturation Properties Of Bovine Myoglobin, Hemoglobin, And Cytochrome C, Anuj Sharma, Runnan Li, Silan Bhandari, Surendranath P. Suman, Sadagopan Krishnan, Morgan Pfeiffer, Gretchen Mafi, Ranjith Ramanathan

Animal and Food Sciences Faculty Publications

While past research has predominantly focused on the role of myoglobin in meat color, investigations into the contributions of hemoglobin and cytochrome c are limited. Cytochrome c has the highest redox stability (P < 0.05), followed by myoglobin and hemoglobin. Electrochemistry analysis revealed that cytochrome c has a greater capacity (P < 0.05) to reduce than myoglobin and hemoglobin. Differential scanning calorimetry indicates that cytochrome c was most stable to heat (P < 0.05), while no differences were noted between myoglobin and hemoglobin. Structural analysis noted that greater heat and redox stability of cytochrome c might be attributed to fewer histidine residues (3) and more covalent bonds (4) than myoglobin (13), hemoglobin α (10), and hemoglobin β (6). This study suggests that the amino acid sequence and number of covalent bonds can impact the redox stability and heat-induced denaturation properties of myoglobin, hemoglobin, and cytochrome c.

Receptor-Mediated Spion Labeling Of Cd4+ T Cells For Longitudinal Mri Tracking Of Distribution Following Systemic Injection In Mouse, Yu Ping, Songyue Han, Brock Howerton, Francesc Marti, Jake Weeks, Roberto Gedaly, Reuben Adatorwovor, Fanny Chapelin

Surgery Faculty Publications

Tracking T cells in vivo using MRI is a major challenge due to the difficulty of labeling these non-phagocytic cells with a sufficient contrast agent to generate a detectable signal change. In this study, we explored CD4-Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION), which is commonly used in magnetic cell sorting, as a potential receptor-mediated, specific CD4+ T cell MRI labeling agent. We optimized the labeling protocol for maximal CD4+ cell labeling and viability. Cell health was confirmed with trypan blue assay, and labeling efficacy was confirmed with Prussian blue staining, transmission electron microscopy, and MRI of labeled cell pellets. Key cell …

Endothelium- And Fibroblast-Derived C-Type Natriuretic Peptide Prevents The Development And Progression Of Aortic Aneurysm, Aisah A. Aubdool, Amie J. Moyes, Cristina Perez-Ternero, Reshma S. Baliga, Jaspinder Singh Sanghera, M. Taaha Syed, Kareemah Jaigirdar, Anmolpreet K. Panesar, Janice C. Tsui, Yanming Li, Hernan G. Vasquez, Ying H. Shen, Scott A. Lemaire, Juliette Raffort, Ziad Mallat, Hong S. Lu, Alan Daugherty, Adrian J. Hobbs

Physiology Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: Thoracic (TAA) and abdominal (AAA) aortic aneurysm are life-threatening diseases characterized by dilation, inflammation, and structural weakness; development of pharmacological therapies is desperately needed. CNP (C-type natriuretic peptide) plays a key role in vascular homeostasis, mediating vasodilator, anti-inflammatory, and antiatherogenic actions. Since such processes drive AA, we determined the role of endogenous CNP in offsetting pathogenesis. METHODS: Tissue from patients with AA was analyzed to determine the consequences on CNP signaling. Ascending and suprarenal aortic diameters were assessed at baseline and following Ang II (angiotensin II; 1.44 mg/kg per day) infusion in wild-type, endothelium-restricted (ecCNP^-/-), fibroblast-restricted (fbCNP …

At The Nexus Between Epigenetics And Senescence, Toby L. Chambers, Jaden Wells, Pieter Jan Koopmans, Francielly Morena, Zain B. Malik, Nicholas P. Greene, Antonio Filareto, Michael Franti, Patrizia Sini, Harald Weinstabl, Robert T. Brooke, Milda Milčiūtė, Juozas Gordevičius, Steve Horvath, Yuan Wen, Cory M. Dungan, Kevin A. Murach

Physiology Faculty Publications

Senescent cells emerge with aging and injury. The contribution of senescent cells to DNA methylation age (DNAmAGE) in vivo is uncertain. Furthermore, stem cell therapy can mediate “rejuvenation”, but how tissue regeneration controlled by resident stem cells affects whole tissue DNAmAGE is unclear. We assessed DNAmAGE with or without senolytics (BI01) in aged male mice (24–25 months) 35 days following muscle healing (BaCl₂-induced regeneration versus non-injured). Young injured mice (5–6 months) without senolytics were comparators. DNAmAGE was decelerated by up to 68% after injury in aged muscle. DNAmAGE was modestly but further significantly decelerated by injury recovery with …

Carbohydrate Metabolism In The Intercaruncular Endometrium Is Affected By Form Of Supplemental Selenium At Maternal Recognition Of Pregnancy In Beef Heifers, Sarah N. Carr, Benjamin R. Crites, Kwangwon Son, Phillip J. Bridges

Animal and Food Sciences Faculty Publications

Selenium (Se)-deficient soils result in Se-deficient forages that do not meet the nutritional requirement for this trace mineral in grazing cattle. Supplementation of Se conventionally occurs through a basal vitamin/mineral mix containing Se in an inorganic form (ISe), although organic Se (OSe) is available when cattle graze on forage. We previously reported that the provision of supplemental Se as a 1:1 mixture of ISe:OSe (MIX), in contrast to the industry standard of ISe alone, increases early luteal phase concentrations of systemic progesterone (P4) and increases the length of the conceptus at day 17 of pregnancy. The objectives herein were to …

Increasing Flora Diversity In Grassland Swards, R J. Haggar, D Jones

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Europe's farmers are being encouraged to take land out of agriculture in order to reduce surplus cereal production. There is therefore, increasing scope for creating new species-rich swards, although guidelines for this purpose are lacking. Several reasons are advanced for encouraging species diver­sity and conservation, including recreational, ethical, education and resource utilisation. As leisure time increases, so public interest in conservation matters increases. Scientifically, there is a need to preserve genetic diversity and to understand the com­plex plant and animal relationship leading to a rich and varied community. This paper describes two experiments aimed at achieving a . highly diverse …

Multiple Of The Intermountain Region, Forest Service, United States Department Of Agriculture, J S. Tixier, A H. Winward

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Initial custodians of the National Forests of the United States were primarily concerned about protecting what were perceived as deteriorating timber stands and watersheds. Con­siderable progress was made in correcting these problems in the first half of this Century. As the population of the United States grew, more people became interested in management of all resources on these public lands. Forest Officers gradually became stewards managing a broad array of lands and resources for which there were often conflicting interests and uses. A primary use of National Forests in the Western United States has been livestock grazing. Here, animals are …

Fringed Sagebrush, Ming Chang Wang

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Fringed sagebruch (Artemisia frigida will) is one of the common plants in inner mongolia plateau. It was recognized as an excellent perennial herbaceous plants accunting for a large proportion in wild vegetation. Fringed sagebruch belongs to composites, Semi-frutex, tomentellate in whole plant, tap root may be 100 cm deep in the soil. Fringed sagebrush distributed to the north of the Yellow River in China, Fareast and Caucasus in USSR, Mongolia and Canada. Fringed sagebruch is an excellent forage for horses, cattle, sheep, goats and Camels. The animals will get gain if fringed sagebruch is fed.