Digital Commons Network^™

Fusion And Beyond: Satellite Cell Contributions To Loading-Induced Skeletal Muscle Adaptation, Kevin A. Murach, Christopher S. Fry, Esther E. Dupont-Versteegden, John J. Mccarthy, Charlotte A. Peterson

Center for Muscle Biology Faculty Publications

Satellite cells support adult skeletal muscle fiber adaptations to loading in numerous ways. The fusion of satellite cells, driven by cell-autonomous and/or extrinsic factors, contributes new myonuclei to muscle fibers, associates with load-induced hypertrophy, and may support focal membrane damage repair and long-term myonuclear transcriptional output. Recent studies have also revealed that satellite cells communicate within their niche to mediate muscle remodeling in response to resistance exercise, regulating the activity of numerous cell types through various mechanisms such as secretory signaling and cell–cell contact. Muscular adaptation to resistance and endurance activity can be initiated and sustained for a period of …

Leaf Appearance Rate In Brachiaria Decumbens Grown In Nitrogen And Potassium Rates, M. D. C. Ferragine, F. A. Monteiro, S. C. Da Silva

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

A greenhouse experiment was carried out with Brachiaria decumbens Stapf. cv. Basilisk grown in nutrient solution. Five nitrogen rates (42; 140; 238; 336 and 434 mg/L) and three potassium rates (78; 234 and 390 mg/L) were studied in a factorial experiment, in a randomized complete block design, with four replications. Green leaf number was evaluated in six times in the first period of growth (27, 30, 33, 36, 39 and 42 days after transplanting) and nine times in the second period (45, 48, 51, 54, 57, 60, 63, 66 and 69 days after transplanting). Data was registered in three plants …

Morphogenesis And Defoliation Frequency Of Italian Ryegrass (Lolium Multiflorum) And Paspalum Urvillei In Lowland Under Three Levels Of P And K, Fernando L. F. De Quadros, A. G. S. Pigatto, D. G. Bandinelli, E. Marchezan, Marta G. Da Rocha

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

This trial was conducted to evaluate growth dynamics and defoliation frequency of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) and Paspalum urvillei in a lowland area under three levels of P and K. Using randomization tests we observed that, in a general way, fertilizer treatments were not the determinant factors of leaf appearance and elongation rates for both species. Only the leaf appearance rate of Paspalum urvillei at 100 % of recommendation level and the elongation rate for Italian ryegrass, in the same treatment, was different. Probably other factors, like drainage, are contributing to these results. I. ryegrass phyllochron ranged from …

Influence Of Speed, Ground Surface And Shoeing Condition On Hoof Breakover Duration In Galloping Thoroughbred Racehorses, Kate Horan, James Coburn, Kieran Kourdache, Peter Day, Dan Harborne, Liam Brinkley, Henry Carnall, Lucy Hammond, Michael L. Peterson, Sean Millard, Thilo Pfau

Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering Faculty Publications

Understanding the effect of horseshoe–surface combinations on hoof kinematics at gallop is relevant for optimising performance and minimising injury in racehorse–jockey dyads. This intervention study assessed hoof breakover duration in Thoroughbred ex-racehorses from the British Racing School galloping on turf and artificial tracks in four shoeing conditions: aluminium, barefoot, aluminium–rubber composite (GluShu) and steel. Shoe–surface combinations were tested in a randomized order and horse–jockey pairings (n = 14) remained constant. High-speed video cameras (Sony DSC-RX100M5) filmed the hoof-ground interactions at 1000 frames per second. The time taken for a hoof marker wand fixed to the lateral hoof wall to …

In Situ Imaging Of Bacterial Outer Membrane Projections And Associated Protein Complexes Using Electron Cryo-Tomography, Mohammed Kaplan, Georges Chreifi, Lauren Ann Metskas, Janine Liedtke, Cecily R. Wood, Catherine M. Oikonomou, William J. Nicolas, Poorna Subramanian, Lori A. Zacharoff, Yuhang Wang, Yi-Wei Chang, Morgan Beeby, Megan J. Dobro, Yongtao Zhu, Mark J. Mcbride, Ariane Briegel, Carrie L. Shaffer, Grant J. Jensen

Veterinary Science Faculty Publications

The ability to produce outer membrane projections in the form of tubular membrane extensions (MEs) and membrane vesicles (MVs) is a widespread phenomenon among diderm bacteria. Despite this, our knowledge of the ultrastructure of these extensions and their associated protein complexes remains limited. Here, we surveyed the ultrastructure and formation of MEs and MVs, and their associated protein complexes, in tens of thousands of electron cryo-tomograms of ~90 bacterial species that we have collected for various projects over the past 15 years (Jensen lab database), in addition to data generated in the Briegel lab. We identified outer MEs and MVs …

Kentucky Traffic Collision Facts 2020, Eric Green, Paul Ross, Christopher Blackden, Michael Fields, Kenneth Agent

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

KENTUCKY’S TRAFFIC COLLISION FACTS report is based on collision reports submitted to the Kentucky State Police Records Branch. As required by Kentucky Revised Statutes 189.635:

“Every law enforcement agency whose officers investigate a vehicle accident of which a report must be made...shall file a report of the accident...within ten days after investigation of the accident upon forms supplied by the bureau.”

The stated purpose of this requirement is to utilize data on traffic collisions for such purposes as will improve the traffic safety program in the Commonwealth.

Crash Data Analysis Tool 2.0 Research Report And User Guide, Eric Green, Paul Ross

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

No abstract provided.

Bee Assemblages Data [2021], Daniel A. Potter, Bernadette M. Mach

Entomology Research Data

Plant characteristics, sample sites, and non-native bee assemblages for a bee survey conducted in 2014-2017 by Bernadette Mach in the Daniel A. Potter lab at the University of Kentucky.

Micrornas As Biomarkers For Predicting Complications Following Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage, Wang-Xia Wang, Joe E. Springer, Kevin W. Hatton

Sanders-Brown Center on Aging Faculty Publications

Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) is a high mortality hemorrhagic stroke that affects nearly 30,000 patients annually in the United States. Approximately 30% of aSAH patients die during initial hospitalization and those who survive often carry poor prognosis with one in five having permanent physical and/or cognitive disabilities. The poor outcome of aSAH can be the result of the initial catastrophic event or due to the many acute or delayed neurological complications, such as cerebral ischemia, hydrocephalus, and re-bleeding. Unfortunately, no effective biomarker exists to predict or diagnose these complications at a clinically relevant time point when neurologic injury can be …

Intra-Arterial Combination Therapy For Experimental Acute Ischemic Stroke, Michael E. Maniskas, Jill M. Roberts, Amanda A. Gorman, Gregory J. Bix, Justin F. Fraser

Neurosurgery Faculty Publications

Acute ischemic stroke continues to devastate millions of individuals worldwide. Current treatments work to restore blood flow but not rescue affected tissue. Our goal was to develop a combination of neuroprotective agents administered intra-arterially following recanalization to target ischemic tissue. Using C57Bl/6J male mice, we performed tandem transient ipsilateral middle cerebral/common carotid artery occlusion, followed by immediate intra-arterial pharmacotherapy administration through a standardized protocol. Two pharmacotherapy agents, verapamil and lubeluzole, were selected based on their potential to modulate different aspects of the ischemic cascade; verapamil, a calcium channel blocker, works in an acute fashion blocking L-type calcium channels, whereas lubeluzole, …

Effect Of Temperature On Phenology In Triple-Awned Grass (Stipagrostis Plumosa), Hossein Azarnivand, H. Dastmalchi

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Phenology of triple-awned grass in different stages of vegetative growth, flowering and seed falling was investigated. Each phenological stage was related to minimum and maximum air and soil surface temperatures. Soil surface temperature was measured two times per day during different seasons. Climate data were obtained from the nearest weather station. The study was carried out in sand dunes of band-e-rig of Kashan in the central region of Iran. This species is important in terms of wind erosion control and livestock feeding in arid areas. The results showed that air temperatures ranged from –22 ^oC to 41.5 ^oC …

Tillering Dynamics In Mombaça Grass (Panicum Maximum, Jacq.) Under Grazing, E. M. Coelho, V. R. Herling, M. A. Gomes, R. J. Schmidt, C. G. Lima

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

An experiment was conducted in Pirassununga, Southeastern Brazil, to observe tillering pattern of Mombaça grass (Panicum maximum Jacq.) after grazing. A complete randomized block design was used with treatments arranged in factorial (3 herbage allowances X 2 grazing periods). There was high and positive correlations between the total tiller population and the number of tillers until the third week after grazing, giving evidence of a higher tillering until the second week and a slight reduction on the third one. The Mombaça grass tillering dynamics alters along the weeks according the allowance level adopted.

Herbage Allowance And Nitrogen Fertilization Effects On Morphological Characteristics Of Paspalum Notatum Flügge, P. Boggiano, G. E. Maraschin, Carlos Nabinger, J. Riboldi, Mónica Cadenazzi

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The grazing study was conducted at the Estação Experimental Agronomica – UFRGS, 30^o S, on a native pasture, to evaluate the leaf area index and structural morphological traits of bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Fl.), within the requirements of a Central Composite Rotatable experimental design, providing for equal precision, with two blocks, encompassing two factors at five levels each, namely: Herbage Allowance (HA) = 4.0; 5.5; 9.0; 12.5 and 14.0 kg green dry matter per 100 kg liveweight per day (% LW), in association with Nitrogen (N) fertilization levels of 0; 30; 100; 170 and 200 kg ha^-1 as …

Defoliation And Water Deficit: Their Influence On Pasture Growth And Water Use Of White Clover, F. H. Santiñaque

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

With the objective of understanding the physiological basis of defoliation and water use relationships of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) pastures during water deficits, an experiment in controlled conditions was carried out. Outdoors nine liters pots were filled with a loam-clay soil with a water content at field capacity (FC), of 35%(w/w), at a bulk density of 1.1 g/cm³. Pre-germinated and inoculated clover seeds were transplanted, and the number of plants was adjusted to permit the development of full plant cover. The level of P in the soil did not limit plant establishment or growth. The …

Seasonal Botanical Composition And Available Forage Of Natural Grasslands In The Southeastern Range Region Of Rio Grande Do Sul, Brazil, J. C. L. Reis, H. Alfaya, O. J. W. Siqueira, C. B. Farias Jr.

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The objective of the study was to verify the influence of climatic seasons on botanical composition and on available dry matter of grasslands in the physiographic region known as Serra do Sudeste (Southeastern Range), RS, Brazil. The climate is Cfb according to Koëppen`s classification. The experiment was conducted in two natural grasslands submitted to two pre-experimental stocking rates [area 1: 0.65 AU ha^-1 (normal grazing); area 2: over 2.0 AU ha^-1 (overgrazing); AU: Animal Unit = 500kg live weight]. Stocking rates throughout the experimental period (June 1996–July 1997) were 0.4 and 0.65 AU ha^-1, over winter …

Effect Of Climatic Factors On The Plant Population Dynamics In Temperate Pasture Implantation, B. Martin, R. Refi, S. Montico, M. Costanzo

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The objective of this experiment was to determine the environmental influence on seedling emergence of alfalfa and fescue in mixture. We hypothesized that the temperature and precipitation data could be used to estimate field emergence of alfalfa and fescue. A field trial was carried out at Zavalla, Argentina and consisted of sowing a tall fescue – alfalfa mixture at different seeding date (March, April and June). Relationships between the range of temperature, rainfalls and alfalfa and fescue seedling emergence were described by linear regression models. Patterns of emergence and death of alfalfa and fescue seedling were found in the different …

Dietary And Pharmacologic Manipulations Of Host Lipids And Their Interaction With The Gut Microbiome In Non-Human Primates, Jennifer M. Lang, Leslie R. Sedgeman, Lei Cai, Joseph D. Layne, Zhen Wang, Calvin Pan, Richard Lee, Ryan E. Temel, Aldons J. Lusis

Physiology Faculty Publications

The gut microbiome influences nutrient processing as well as host physiology. Plasma lipid levels have been associated with the microbiome, although the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown, and the effects of dietary lipids on the gut microbiome in humans are not well-studied. We used a compilation of four studies utilizing non-human primates (Chlorocebus aethiops and Macaca fascicularis) with treatments that manipulated plasma lipid levels using dietary and pharmacological techniques, and characterized the microbiome using 16S rDNA. High-fat diets significantly reduced alpha diversity (Shannon) and the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio compared to chow diets, even when the diets had different compositions …

Dormant Bud Development In Phalaris Aquatica L., Brendan R. Cullen, P. E. Quigley, D. F. Chapman

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The formation of dormant buds is critical to the summer survival of phalaris (Phalaris aquatica L.) in pastures. Dormant buds are formed on the base of reproductive tillers as they develop in spring. This project aimed to determine the seasonal pattern of dormant bud development and the influence of grazing management on bud dynamics. Approximately three buds per reproductive tiller were formed in the spring and early summer period. These buds responded to summer rainfall, with one third of buds becoming active following a 15-mm rainfall event in mid summer. In the following growing season, on average, 1.5 buds …

Tillering Dynamics Of Panicum Maximum Jacq. Cv. Tanzania-1 After Grazing, Rodrigo A. Barbosa, Domicio Nascimento Jr., Valéria P. B. Euclides, A. J. Regazzi, D. M. Fonseca

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Tillering dynamics and tiller dry matter weight from Tanzania grass (Panicum maximum cv. Tanzania-1) were evaluated in two post-grazing stubbles (High Post-grazing Stubble – HPS-3.6 t of DM/ha and Low Post-grazing Stubble – LPS-2.3 t of DM/ha). There was no difference between post-grazing stubbles for decapitated axillary and basal remainder and new axillary tillers. The LPS presented greater number of new basal tillers. The rate of appearance of new basal and axillary tillers decreased with time after grazing. There were differences between the treatments on tiller dry matter weight, and greater values were found in the high post-graze stubble.

Suitable Seed Harvesting Time For Six Grass Species, Hossein Arzani, A. Fakhireh

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Determination of the best period of seed harvesting was considered. Six grass species were selected. The research was conducted in three stations of Alborz, Sirachal and Homand Absard. According to maturing stages, seed collection for measuring seed water content (moisture content), weight of 1000 seeds and germination percentage has been done. The result showed that there were significant differences between harvesting time on seed germination for all species in all regions. Moisture content, germination rate, weight of 1000 seeds and seed shedding were important characteristics for determination of suitable seed harvesting time.

Effect Of Nitrogen Fertilizer On Reproductive Tiller Development In Perennial Ryegrass, I. Bahmani, E. R. Thom, C. Matthew, G. Lemaire

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The objective of this study was to compare reproductive tiller development in two ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) cultivars, when fertilized with nitrogen. Plots of the cultivars ‘Grasslands Ruanui’ and ‘Ellett’ ryegrass were sown in April 1996. Half of each plot received nitrogen fertilizer (30 kg N/ha) after each grazing by dairy cows from September 1996 to May 1997 and from October 1997 to April 1998. Ryegrass tiller dynamics was monitored from September 1996 to March 1998. The proportion of reproductive tillers in the total tiller population was higher, on average, over the first flowering period (October 1996 to January …

Yield And Forage Quality In Alfalfa-Weeping Lovegrass Mixtures, H. Laborde, R. E. Brevedan, M. A. Varillas, M. N. Fioretti

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Little is known about the relative performance of weeping lovegrass in mixtures with alfalfa. Our objective was to compare the productivity and forage quality of monocultures and binary mixtures of the species. Mixtures always gave higher yields than any of the monocultures and the highest was obtained in the mixture with the largest proportion of alfalfa. In the second year weeping lovegrass N concentration in the mixtures were higher than in monoculture. Weeping lovegrass did not affect the alfalfa N concentration. There was not differences in the NDF, for between these species.

Intake And Yield Of Cynodon Nlemfuensis Alone And Associated With Leucaena Leucocephala Grazed By Sheep, J. G. Escobedo-Mex, Luis Ramírez-Avilés, Juan C. Ku-Vera

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The objective of the present study was to determine dry matter intake (DMI) and the forage yield of green dry matter (GDM) of star grass (Cynodon nlemfuensis) alone and associated with Leucaena leucocephala cv. Perú grazed by sheep. The experimental treatments were: Systems T1) Star grass alone, and T2) Star grass + L. leucocephala. These treatments were evaluated during three seasons (i.e. Late-rainy, Dry and Rainy seasons). The availability of forage was lower (P < 0.0001) in T1, 2543 kg GDM/ha, than with T2, 3092 kg GDM/ha. Green dry matter in the rainy season was greater (P < 0.0001), with 3910 kg GDM/ha, than in the late-rainy and dry seasons, 2492 and 2052 kg GDM/ha, respectively. DMI was 5.9 and 7.6 g DM/kg of LW ^0.75/hour for the T1 and T2, respectively (P < 0.0001). DMI during the rainy season was lower (P < 0.01) than that of the dry and late-rainy seasons, 6.2, 6.4 and 7.5 g DM/kg LW^0.75/hour, respectively. The association C. nlemfuensis-L. leucocephala increased the availability of …

Intravesical Cd74 And Cxcr4, Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor (Mif) Receptors, Mediate Bladder Pain, Shaojing Ye, Fei Ma, Dlovan F. D. Mahmood, Katherine L. Meyer-Siegler, Raymond E. Menard, David E. Hunt, Lin Leng, Richard Bucala, Pedro L. Vera

Physiology Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: Activation of intravesical protease activated receptor 4 (PAR4) leads to release of urothelial macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF). MIF then binds to urothelial MIF receptors to release urothelial high mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) and elicit bladder hyperalgesia. Since MIF binds to multiple receptors, we investigated the contribution of individual urothelial MIF receptors to PAR4-induced HMGB1 release in vivo and in vitro and bladder pain in vivo.

METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We tested the effect of intravesical pre-treatment with individual MIF or MIF receptor (CD74, CXCR4, CXCR2) antagonists on PAR4-induced HMGB1 release in vivo (female C57/BL6 mice) and in vitro (primary …

Allelopathy Of Panicum Maximum Jacq. Cultivars On Tree And Shrub Forage Legumes: Greenhouse Estimate, A. R. P. Almeida, T. J. D. Rodrigues

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The available information about allelopathic effects of the genus Panicum on tropical forage legumes is scarce and inconclusive. Based on this fact this research was carried out, under greenhouse conditions to evaluate potential allelopathic effects of aqueous extracts (0,10 and 20%) of three cultivars of Panicum maximum Jacq. cv. Mombaça, cv. Aruana and cv. Tanzânia-1 on three forage legumes, Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit. (leucaena), Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp. cv. Kaki (pigeon pea) and Sesbania sesban (L.) Merr. (sesbania) seeking for mixed grasses and legumes pastures. The following characteristics were evaluated: emergence porcentage, speed of germination index, root density, dry …

Tillage Systems In The Establishment Of Pastures In Argentinian Subhumid Area, H. Pagliaricci, C. Saroff, A. Ohanian, T. Pereyra

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The effect of three tillage systems on the number of plants produced and forage production of a pasture the first year of establishment was assessed in this experiment. The components of the pasture were alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Shreb), orchard grass (Dactilys glomerata L), and prairie grass (Bromus unioloides). Treatments were three tillage systems: conventional tillage (CT), reduced tillage (RT), and direct sowing (DS). Sowing was performed with (NI) and without fertilizers (N0) in each treatment. A split-plot experimental design with two repetitions was used, with tillage being the main factor …

Correlation Between Yield Of Forage Legumes In Grass Mixtures And Accumulation Of Soil Mineral Nitrogen In Sweden, Magnus A. Halling, David Scholefield

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Soil mineral N and DM yield of five forage legume species were investigated in field experiments at two sites in Sweden, established 1997. The species studied were: red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), lucerne (Medicago sativa L.), white clover (Trifolium repens L.), galega (Galega orientalis Lam.) and lotus (Lotus corniculatus L.), all grown in grass-legume mixed swards. No nitrogen was applied to the legumes. Results from two years of ley (1998 and 1999) are presented. Correlation was found between accumulated mineral N in the soil in the autumn and the total seasonal DM yield of the …

Introduction Of Forage Legumes Into Pastures Of Three Different Grasses, Maria T. Colozza, Joaquim C. Werner, Luciana Gerdes, E. A. Schamass, J. C. T. Freitas

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

It was evaluated the introduction of a mixture of calopo, galaxia, perennial soybean, guata and stylo broadcsted into marandu, setaria and tanzania half-plots already established in three cafeterias, each one located inside a paddock of each grass. The legumes were seeded in the end of the Spring (12/07/98), after the plots had been cut down and fertilized. The cafeterias were grazed intermittently by buffaloes maintained in the three paddocks. The occurrence of the five legume plants was avaluated by countings (#/m²) effected in the middle of Autumn, Winter and Spring of 1999 and Summer of 2000. Along with …

Allelopathy Of Panicum Maximum Jacq. Cultivars On Tree And Shrub Forage Legumes: Tolerance Index, A. R. P. Almeida, T. J. D. Rodrigues

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The objective of this work was to evaluate the tolerance of three forage legumes (Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit., Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp. cv. Kaki and Sesbania sesban (L.) Merr.) to the allelopathic effects of three cultivars of Panicum maximum Jacq. (cv. Mombaça, cv. Aruana and cv. Tanzânia-1), under greenhouse conditions. The root and shoot tolerance indexes were calculated using the data of dry mass of roots and shoots of plants cultivated in pots and moistened with water or aqueous extracts (0,10 and 20%) of the cultivars of P. maximum. The results indicated that: a) the root tolerance …

Forage Legume Presence And Grazing Intensity Effect On Nitrogen Dynamics In Brachiaria Pastures In The South Of Bahia, Brazil, R. B. Cantarutti, R. Tarré, R. Macedo, C. De P. Rezende, J. M. Pereira, E. Ferreira, B. J. R. Alves, S. Urquiaga, R. M. Boddey

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The objective of this study performed in the Atlantic forest region of the South of Bahia (Brazil) was to examine the influence of the presence of the forage legume Desmodium ovalifolium in pastures of Brachiaria humidicola on the nitrogen recycled through plant litter over stocking rates of 2, 3 and 4 head ha^-1. The results demonstrated that the presence of the D. ovalifolium in the pasture significantly increased the protein content of the associated Brachiaria grass, and the rate and quantity of N recycled through the litter pathway. While had no significant increase in animal weight gain due …