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Ecophysiology And Management Response Of The Subtropical Grasslands Of Southern South America, E. J. Berretta Dec 2021

Ecophysiology And Management Response Of The Subtropical Grasslands Of Southern South America, E. J. Berretta

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The subtropical grasslands of Southern South America (campos) are located approximately in the range of 24° S to 37° S latitude. These grasslands are dominated by C3 and C4 grasses, and in a lesser extent to herbaceous plants, shrubs and dispersed trees, with some exceptions in particular regions. Previous to the introduction of large herbivores, at the beginning of the XVII century, like cattle and horses, shrubs and tall grasses dominated the vegetation. Then, associated with greater grazing pressure and partially due to fire, the original campos are maintained, actually in a pseudo-climax herbaceous phase. These native communities …

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Goats To Control The Encroachment Of Undesirable Brush And Woody Species In Cattle Pastures, J-M. Luginbuhl, J. T. Green Jr., M. H. Poore, A. C. Conrad Dec 2021

Goats To Control The Encroachment Of Undesirable Brush And Woody Species In Cattle Pastures, J-M. Luginbuhl, J. T. Green Jr., M. H. Poore, A. C. Conrad

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Field studies were initiated in an abandoned, overgrown 8.4 ha orchard left untouched for 15 years to evaluate the effectiveness of using goats (Capra hircus hircus) to manage undesirable vegetation. Goats alone (G: 30 does/ha) or cattle (Bos taurus) with goats (GC:17 does/ha and 3 steers/ha) were mob-grazed twice a year during four grazing seasons. Multiflora rose (Rosa multiflora Thunb.) canopy area decreased from 12 to 2.5 m2 in grazed pastures and multiflora rose live canes were 100% in the control, 0% in G, and only 8% in GC at the completion of the …

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Herbaceous Vegetation Dynamic After Cut And Burn Shrub Plants In Southern Brazil, A. M. Girardi-Deiro, M. L. Porto, J. Riboldi Dec 2021

Herbaceous Vegetation Dynamic After Cut And Burn Shrub Plants In Southern Brazil, A. M. Girardi-Deiro, M. L. Porto, J. Riboldi

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

A savanna area at "Serra do Sudeste" in southern Brazil, was studied during four years to evaluate the influence of cutting and burning shrub plants on dynamic of herbaceous vegetation. The cover of each species in 44 permanent quadrats (0,25 m2) and in each area (cut and burned) was evaluated. The results suggested that grasses and legumes were favored by cutting shrub plants. Burning favored forbs in the first years after disturbance and retarded the development of native forage species desirable for grazing.

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Characterization Of Forage Selected By Cattle On Communal Range In Manhiça, Mozambique, O. Faftine, A. Alage, J. P. Muir Dec 2021

Characterization Of Forage Selected By Cattle On Communal Range In Manhiça, Mozambique, O. Faftine, A. Alage, J. P. Muir

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Forage selection by 10 cattle herds was observed monthly over 2 years on a communal rangeland. Plants grazed were hand-plucked as representative of both species and plant portions being cropped by cattle. Herds were led to green pasture year-round. Nutrient concentration of species and plant portions selected by cattle indicated adequate crude protein and calcium but phosphorus deficiency during the dry season. Well-drained escarpments and uplands were more important during the rains while upland depressions and the Nkomati valley were essential for adequate forage intake during the dry seasons.

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Deforestation For Pasture Development – Has It Been Worth It?, W. H. Burrows Dec 2021

Deforestation For Pasture Development – Has It Been Worth It?, W. H. Burrows

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Differing scenarios leading to deforestation for pasture development in savanna (woodland) and closed forest communities in the tropics – sub-tropics are compared and contrasted. Australian and Brazilian examples are highlighted. No simple answer is given to the question of whether deforestation for pasture development has been worth it, since both commercial and non-commercial values have equal validity and need to be taken into account. These issues are addressed in the context of land assigned by governments for agricultural purposes. It is concluded that technology and ecological understanding are now available to maintain sustainable production from converted forest systems. However emphasis …

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Back To The Future – Pastoral Land Use In A Forest Land – Sustainability Challenges For The 21St Century, J. Morgan Williams Dec 2021

Back To The Future – Pastoral Land Use In A Forest Land – Sustainability Challenges For The 21St Century, J. Morgan Williams

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

To contribute meaningfully to a session entitled “Deforestation” with a proposed paper title of “Trees in Pastoral Zones; Landuse Standards in the 21st Century” necessitates I carefully define the scope of my contribution. My paper will draw on my experiences as an ecologist working in the pastoral lands of New Zealand in roles that have led me to delve increasingly into what constitutes sustainability (of people, land and economy) for a tiny multicultural nation maturing amidst the remnants of a unique Gondwanaland ecosystem. As New Zealand’s Parliamentary Commissioner for the Environment (PCE) I now examine a very wide range …

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Carbon Accumulation In Soils Under Brachiaria Pastures In The Atlantic Forest Region Of The South Of Bahia, Brazil, R. M. Tarré, R. Macedo, R. B. Cantarutti, C. De P. Rezende, J. M. Pereira, E. Ferreira, B. J. R. Alves, S. Urquiaga, R. M. Boddey Dec 2021

Carbon Accumulation In Soils Under Brachiaria Pastures In The Atlantic Forest Region Of The South Of Bahia, Brazil, R. M. Tarré, R. Macedo, R. B. Cantarutti, C. De P. Rezende, J. M. Pereira, E. Ferreira, B. J. R. Alves, S. Urquiaga, R. M. Boddey

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The objective of this study was to investigate the change in carbon stocks in soil following deforestation of the Atlantic forest in the South of Bahia State (Brazil) and replacement with productive pastures of Brachiaria humidicola either in monoculture or with the introduction of the forage legume Desmodium ovalifolium. Carbon stocks in the 0-30 cm layer were 44.5 Mg ha-1 under the original forest and found to be approximately 42 Mg ha-1 C 10 years later. At this time pastures of B. humidicola with or without the presence of D. ovalifolium were formed and grazed continuously for …

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Application Of A Bacteriophage–Sanitizer Combination In Post-Harvest Control Of E. Coli O157:H7 Contamination On Spinach Leaves In The Presence Or Absence Of A High Organic Load Produce Wash, Badrinath Vengarai Jagannathan, Steven Kitchens, Stuart Price, Melissa Morgan, Paul Priyesh Vijayakumar Dec 2021

Application Of A Bacteriophage–Sanitizer Combination In Post-Harvest Control Of E. Coli O157:H7 Contamination On Spinach Leaves In The Presence Or Absence Of A High Organic Load Produce Wash, Badrinath Vengarai Jagannathan, Steven Kitchens, Stuart Price, Melissa Morgan, Paul Priyesh Vijayakumar

Animal and Food Sciences Faculty Publications

Foodborne illness due to the consumption of contaminated products continues to be a serious public health issue. Bacteriophages might provide a natural and effective way to control and reduce the pathogenic bacterial population on food products. Researchers have conducted various experiments to prove their effectiveness against different pathogens and their ability to act as a natural intervention to control pathogen populations, especially in the food industry. In this study, a cocktail of bacteriophages (phages) was added to wash water in the presence of a high organic load along with commercially used sanitizers (chlorine or Sanidate 5.0) to study the efficacy …

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Direct Nose To The Brain Nanomedicine Delivery Presents A Formidable Challenge, Robert A. Yokel Dec 2021

Direct Nose To The Brain Nanomedicine Delivery Presents A Formidable Challenge, Robert A. Yokel

Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty Publications

This advanced review describes the anatomical and physiological barriers and mechanisms impacting nanomedicine translocation from the nasal cavity directly to the brain. There are significant physiological and anatomical differences in the nasal cavity, olfactory area, and airflow reaching the olfactory epithelium between humans and experimentally studied species that should be considered when extrapolating experimental results to humans. Mucus, transporters, and tight junction proteins present barriers to material translocation across the olfactory epithelium. Uptake of nanoparticles through the olfactory mucosa and translocation to the brain can be intracellular via cranial nerves (intraneuronal) or other cells of the olfactory epithelium, or extracellular …

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Initial Effects Of Deforestation On Herbaceous Species Composition In Grassy Woodlands Of The Northern Tablelands, Nsw Australia, Chris R. Chilcott, N. Reid, R. D. B. Whalley Dec 2021

Initial Effects Of Deforestation On Herbaceous Species Composition In Grassy Woodlands Of The Northern Tablelands, Nsw Australia, Chris R. Chilcott, N. Reid, R. D. B. Whalley

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Limited information on the initial effects of clearing and thinning on herbaceous vegetation of grassy temperate eucalyptus forests exists. The aim of this investigation is to study the initial changes in species composition following clearing and thinning. A deforestation experiment was established where clearing, thinning of 50% of canopy cover and control treatments were established. In the open-forests, patterns in herbaceous species composition were strongly influenced by the presence of trees, with weeping wheat grass (Microlaena stipoides) dominant, whereas wiregrass (Aristida ramosa) dominated interspaces and canopy gaps. Immediately following clearing, significant changes in the herbaceous species …

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The Influence Of Large Animal Diversity In Grazed Ecosystems, M. G. Murray, D. R. Baird Dec 2021

The Influence Of Large Animal Diversity In Grazed Ecosystems, M. G. Murray, D. R. Baird

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Field observations in the Serengeti National Park, Tanzania have revealed several modes of grazing system, including migration, sustained-yield grazing and grazing succession which contribute on the one hand to ecological separation of herbivores by habitat choice, but on the other hand to positive association of species on wet season pastures known as hot spots. Drawing from results of experimental field studies, we consider what is known about resource competition and facilitation, the two key ecological processes underlying these grazing systems, and specify the shape of the relationship between species richness and pasture height that is predicted depending on which process …

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Grassland Use And Plant Diversity In Grazed Ecosystems, V. A. Deregibus, E. J. Jacobo, O. E. Ansin Dec 2021

Grassland Use And Plant Diversity In Grazed Ecosystems, V. A. Deregibus, E. J. Jacobo, O. E. Ansin

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Earth biomes are being deconstructed, through unprecedented rates of species disappearance or invasion (McCann 2000). This, added to the threat of global environmental change and changes in values of a developed society, caused that biodiversity became a topic that has captured the attention of the public as well as the scientific community. Such concern on the importance of biodiversity is based in four basic reasons clearly described by West (1993): (i) morality, that aims for the protection of species; (ii) aesthetics, as people desire to see and appreciate the living parts of nature; (iii) economics and, (iv) the array …

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The Effect Of Phosphorus Fertilization On Botanical Composition And Production In Temperate Pastures In Argentina, E. J. Jacobo, A. M. Rodríguez, M. F. Garbulsky, P. Scardoni, V. A. Deregibus Dec 2021

The Effect Of Phosphorus Fertilization On Botanical Composition And Production In Temperate Pastures In Argentina, E. J. Jacobo, A. M. Rodríguez, M. F. Garbulsky, P. Scardoni, V. A. Deregibus

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The objective of this paper is to evaluate floristic changes and above-ground primary production in native grasslands and old pastures dominated by tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) that were fertilized with different levels of phosphorus. For this, aerial biomass was sequentially harvested from November 1998 to October 1999. Above-ground production of native grassland more than doubled (from 3000 to 7300 kg DM/ha) with the highest level of P through the increment of three naturalized species: the winter annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) and two legumes: white clover (Trifolium repens) and lotus (Lotus corniculatus). In …

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Vegetation Changes In Southeast Australian Temperate Grasslands, D. L. Garden, T. P. Bolger Dec 2021

Vegetation Changes In Southeast Australian Temperate Grasslands, D. L. Garden, T. P. Bolger

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In temperate areas of southeast Australia, the combined effects of tree clearing, grazing, application of fertilizer and the introduction of exotic species have modified the original grasslands. This paper describes these changes and attempts to explain them in terms of ecological principles derived from North American grasslands. Stability of the original grasslands appears to have been due to the lack of disturbance and the slow rates of nitrogen (N) cycling within them. Increased N cycling after disturbance has allowed invasion of species better adapted to higher N status, particularly exotic annual grasses and weeds. The present composition of grasslands, in …

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Soil Biodiversity, Root Herbivory And Carbon And Nitrogen Cycling In Grassland Soils, R. Cook, L. A. Dawson, A. C. Gange, S. J. Grayston, P. J. Murray, A. M. Treonis Dec 2021

Soil Biodiversity, Root Herbivory And Carbon And Nitrogen Cycling In Grassland Soils, R. Cook, L. A. Dawson, A. C. Gange, S. J. Grayston, P. J. Murray, A. M. Treonis

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

This paper describes research on the relationships between grassland management practices and the diversity of biological communities in soil. Observations are being made in field trials with applications of nitrogen and lime and of insecticide to an original diverse sward and to a single species grass re-seed. The treatments are designed to produce different degrees of diversity in communities of soil animals and microbes. Assessments are being made over three years of the effects on the populations, activity and diversity of root-feeding animals, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, soil bacteria, fungi and micro fauna, including nonplant feeding nematodes. Associated laboratory experiments assess …

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Analysis Of Some Farm Driving Variables And Its Relation With Milk Production In A Pastoral Dairy Farm Of Buenos Aires, Argentina, J. L. Rossi, A. Ayala Torales, G. Acosta, V. A. Deregibus Dec 2021

Analysis Of Some Farm Driving Variables And Its Relation With Milk Production In A Pastoral Dairy Farm Of Buenos Aires, Argentina, J. L. Rossi, A. Ayala Torales, G. Acosta, V. A. Deregibus

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The quantity of milk solids produced determines a dairy farm income and contributes to its profit. Total pasture production, forage quality and herd consumption are factors to be managed in this production system. The outcomes of two years were analyzed. Primary production showed its dependence on climatic conditions and use of technological inputs. Forage quality was promoted through interseeding legumes, applying fertilizer and maintaining the pasture young and leafy. Total forage removed by the herd was similar in both years although pasture production decreased. It was possible to cope with seasonal variations in forage production, by varying the grazing pressure …

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Effect Of Energetic Supplementation On Forage Losses In An Oat And Italian Ryegrass Pasture Under Continuous Grazing, A. Frizzo, Marta G. Da Rocha, M. R. Freitas Dec 2021

Effect Of Energetic Supplementation On Forage Losses In An Oat And Italian Ryegrass Pasture Under Continuous Grazing, A. Frizzo, Marta G. Da Rocha, M. R. Freitas

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The experiment was conducted at UFSM-RS to quantify herbage losses in oat and Italian ryegrass mixture under continuous grazing by beef heifers. A continuous grazing method with variable stocking rate was utilized to maintain the same herbage mass, 1500 kg DM/ha, in all treatments. The treatments consisted of levels of energetic supplement (0, 0.7 and 1.4% of LW/day). The pasture was evaluated every 28 days, when forage not suitable for grazing was collected in points previously marked in experimental area. The daily losses of herbage mass were of 22.32, 18.98 and 21.16 kg of DM/ha/day, equivalent to 2.61, 1.91 and …

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Dynamics And Production Of Forage In Winter Pasture Under Continuous Grazing With Energetic Supplementation, A. Frizzo, M. R. Freitas, Marta G. Da Rocha Dec 2021

Dynamics And Production Of Forage In Winter Pasture Under Continuous Grazing With Energetic Supplementation, A. Frizzo, M. R. Freitas, Marta G. Da Rocha

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

This experiment was carried out at Federal University of Santa Maria, from July 09 to November 12, 1999 to evaluate the dynamics and production of forage of oat (Avena strigosa Schreb) and italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam) mixture. The grazing system used was continuous with variable stocking rate to maintain 1500kg/ha of herbage mass in all treatments. The heifers were subjected to different levels of energetic supplementation. They are 0, 0.7 and 1.4% of LW/day. The pasture of oat and italian ryegrass presented an accumulation rate of 45.7, 55.1 and 50.0 kg of DM/ha /day and a total …

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Rotational Grazing Increases Wool And Lamb Production From Phalaris-Subterranean Clover Pastures In South Eastern Australia, A. N. Thompson, D. Borg, J. F. Graham, J. Lamb, G. R. Saul Dec 2021

Rotational Grazing Increases Wool And Lamb Production From Phalaris-Subterranean Clover Pastures In South Eastern Australia, A. N. Thompson, D. Borg, J. F. Graham, J. Lamb, G. R. Saul

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Wool and lamb production from different grazing systems was compared in a Mediterranean environment near Hamilton in southeastern Australia. The grazing systems were based on combinations of fertiliser inputs and grazing methods that could promote the growth and persistence of phalaris (Phalaris aquatica) and increase animal production compared to ‘typical’ unimproved pastures. In the first 2 years of this experiment, the most productive systems more than doubled ewe stocking rate and wool production, and more than trebled lamb production per hectare, compared to ‘typical’ unimproved pasture, low fertility, set-stocked systems. The change to a well fertilised phalaris/subterranean clover …

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Influence Of Prolonged Serotonin And Ergovaline Pre-Exposure On Vasoconstriction Ex Vivo, Eriton E. L. Valente, David L. Harmon, James L. Klotz Dec 2021

Influence Of Prolonged Serotonin And Ergovaline Pre-Exposure On Vasoconstriction Ex Vivo, Eriton E. L. Valente, David L. Harmon, James L. Klotz

Animal and Food Sciences Faculty Publications

Ergot alkaloid mycotoxins interfere in many functions associated with serotonergic neurotransmitters. Therefore, the objective was to evaluate whether the association of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) and ergot alkaloids during a 24 h pre-incubation could affect the vascular contractile response to ergot alkaloids. To evaluate the effects of 24 h exposure to 5-HT and ergot alkaloids (ergovaline, ERV), two assays were conducted. The first assay determined the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50)following the 24 h pre-exposure period, while the second assay evaluated the effect of IC50 concentrations of 5-HT and ERV either individually or in combination. There was an interaction …

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Nutritional And Physiological Constraints Contributing To Limitations In Small Intestinal Starch Digestion And Glucose Absorption In Ruminants, Ronald J. Trotta, David L. Harmon, James C. Matthews, Kendall C. Swanson Dec 2021

Nutritional And Physiological Constraints Contributing To Limitations In Small Intestinal Starch Digestion And Glucose Absorption In Ruminants, Ronald J. Trotta, David L. Harmon, James C. Matthews, Kendall C. Swanson

Animal and Food Sciences Faculty Publications

Increased efficiency of nutrient utilization can potentially be gained with increased starch digestion in the small intestine in ruminants. However, ruminants have quantitative limits in the extent of starch disappearance in the small intestine. The objective is to explore the nutritional and physiological constraints that contribute to limitations of carbohydrate assimilation in the ruminant small intestine. Altered digesta composition and passage rate in the small intestine, insufficient pancreatic α-amylase and/or small intestinal carbohydrase activity, and reduced glucose absorption could all be potentially limiting factors of intestinal starch assimilation. The absence of intestinal sucrase activity in ruminants may be related to …

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The Carrying Capacity Of Pure And Oversown Giant Star Grass (Cynodon Nlemfuensis Vanderyst) Under Different Stocking Rate In South-Western Islands Of Japan, Yasuhiro Kawamoto, T. Namihira, Y. Imura, M. Nagano Dec 2021

The Carrying Capacity Of Pure And Oversown Giant Star Grass (Cynodon Nlemfuensis Vanderyst) Under Different Stocking Rate In South-Western Islands Of Japan, Yasuhiro Kawamoto, T. Namihira, Y. Imura, M. Nagano

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The objective of this study was firstly to know the potential carrying capacity, pasture production, pasture utilization of giant star grass under different stocking rates in intensive rotational grazing system, and to evaluate a carrying capacity of giant star grass (Cynodon nlemfuensis Vanderyst) pasture oversown with annual hybrid ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum X Lolium perenne) on short low productive winter pasture in South-western Islands of Japan. High herbage availability and good quality forage to bring about effective animal productions were produced by using relatively heavy stocking rates of 6 - 8 heads/ha, and achieved optimum pasture utilization of …

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Residual Forage And Animal Performance From A Kikuyo Pasture Under Mixed Grazing And Supplementation, F. C. Gómez-Merino, Pedro A. Martínez-Hernández, J. Pérez-Pérez, Alfonso Hernández-Garay Dec 2021

Residual Forage And Animal Performance From A Kikuyo Pasture Under Mixed Grazing And Supplementation, F. C. Gómez-Merino, Pedro A. Martínez-Hernández, J. Pérez-Pérez, Alfonso Hernández-Garay

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Five grazing strategies were compared: grazing by ewes only and mixed grazing (ewes + heifers), in mixed grazing heifers received no supplement or one of three supplements. Ruminal undegradable protein (RUP) varied among supplement: 4.25, 9.11 and 9.13%, the supplement with the highest RUP included protected methionine. All supplements were 21% crude protein and 3.0 Mcal/kg of metabolizable energy. Grazing was on kikuyu, ratio was 30 kg of ewe per 100 kg of heifer in the mixed grazing treatments. Experimental grazing lasted 84 days. Variables measured were residual forage, proline content in residual forage and liveweight gains per animal and …

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Stubble Height Effects On Limpograss Pasture Characteristics And Performance Of Beef Heifers, Y. C. Newman, Lynn E. Sollenberger, W. E. Kunkle, D. B. Bates, C. G. Chambliss, A. M. Fox Dec 2021

Stubble Height Effects On Limpograss Pasture Characteristics And Performance Of Beef Heifers, Y. C. Newman, Lynn E. Sollenberger, W. E. Kunkle, D. B. Bates, C. G. Chambliss, A. M. Fox

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Limpograss (Hemarthria altissima [Poir.] Stapf. & C.E. Hubb.) is a C4 species used in Florida beef production systems because of its cool-season growth, persistence on poorly drained soils, and high yield and digestibility. Animal performance on limpograss pastures, however, has been limited by low herbage crude protein (CP). This study evaluated the effect of canopy height of limpograss pastures and N supplementation of grazing cattle on sward characteristics and weight gain and blood urea N (BUN) concentration of yearling beef heifers. Under continuous stocking, six treatments were imposed that included all combinations of three stubble heights (20, 40, …

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The Duration Of Regrowth Period And The Structural Traits In A Rotationally Grazed Panicum Maximum Sward, Carlos A. M. Gomide, J. A. Gomide Dec 2021

The Duration Of Regrowth Period And The Structural Traits In A Rotationally Grazed Panicum Maximum Sward, Carlos A. M. Gomide, J. A. Gomide

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Panicum maximum 'cv'. Mombaça was rotationally grazed by steers. Three regrowth periods based on the number of expanded leaves per tiller: 2.5; 3.5 and 4.5, were compared. Three groups of seven tester steers, one for each treatment, grazed the replications of each experimental paddocks, the animals being removed from a paddock after 4 to 5 day grazing period when its sward leaf area index (LAI) was 1.5, on the average. Sward height and available biomass increased while tiller population density and leaf-stem ratio decreased with regrowth period. Overall averages observed for LAI and photosyntheticly active radiation interception by the end …

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Effect Of Different Strategies Of Management Of Elephantgrass On Pasture Availability And Milk Yield Of Crossbred Holstein X Zebu Cows, Fermino Deresz Dec 2021

Effect Of Different Strategies Of Management Of Elephantgrass On Pasture Availability And Milk Yield Of Crossbred Holstein X Zebu Cows, Fermino Deresz

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The trial was done to study different strategies of pasture management on milk production of cows grazing Elephantgrass (Pennisetum purpureum, Schum.). The treatments were: Elephantgrass with 30 days of resting and fertilized monthly (30MF), fertilized every two months (30BF). Elephantgrass with 45 days of resting and a stubble height of 90-100 cm (45HS) or a stubble height of 40-50 cm (45LS). The stubble height for treatments 30MF and 30BF was 90-100 cm. The study was done using six crossbred Holstein x Zebu cows/treatment, with 100 days of lactation, on average. The experimental design was a completely randomized block …

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Effects Of Nitrogen Fertilization On The Production Of Panicum Maximum Cv. Ipr 86 Under Grazing, S. M. B. Lugão, L. R. De A. Rodrigues, E. B. Malheiros, J. J. Dos S. Abrahão, A. De Morais Dec 2021

Effects Of Nitrogen Fertilization On The Production Of Panicum Maximum Cv. Ipr 86 Under Grazing, S. M. B. Lugão, L. R. De A. Rodrigues, E. B. Malheiros, J. J. Dos S. Abrahão, A. De Morais

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The experiment was conducted at the Experimental Station of Paranavaí/IAPAR-PR-Brazil, from October 1998 to May 1999, to evaluate the effects of N fertilization on Panicum maximum cv. IPR 86 pastures. Four doses of N (0; 150; 300; and 450 kg.ha-1.year-1) were applied to pastures under rotational grazing with grazing cycles (GCs) of 40 days (5 days-grazing and 35 days-rest). It was used a randomized complete block design, with split-plots, and two replications per treatment, being the N-doses studied in the main plots and the GCs in the sub-plots. In all GCs the variables dry matter of …

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Late-Life Exercise Mitigates Skeletal Muscle Epigenetic Aging, Kevin A. Murach, Andrea L. Dimet-Wiley, Yuan Wen, Camille R. Brightwell, Christine M. Latham, Cory M. Dungan, Christopher S. Fry, Stanley J. Watowich Dec 2021

Late-Life Exercise Mitigates Skeletal Muscle Epigenetic Aging, Kevin A. Murach, Andrea L. Dimet-Wiley, Yuan Wen, Camille R. Brightwell, Christine M. Latham, Cory M. Dungan, Christopher S. Fry, Stanley J. Watowich

Center for Muscle Biology Faculty Publications

There are functional benefits to exercise in muscle, even when performed late in life, but the contributions of epigenetic factors to late-life exercise adaptation are poorly defined. Using reduced representation bisulfite sequencing (RRBS), ribosomal DNA (rDNA) and mitochondrial-specific examination of methylation, targeted high-resolution methylation analysis, and DNAge™ epigenetic aging clock analysis with a translatable model of voluntary murine endurance/resistance exercise training (progressive weighted wheel running, PoWeR), we provide evidence that exercise may mitigate epigenetic aging in skeletal muscle. Late-life PoWeR from 22–24 months of age modestly but significantly attenuates an age-associated shift toward promoter hypermethylation. The epigenetic age of muscle …

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Adipose-Specific Pparα Knockout Mice Have Increased Lipogenesis By Pask–Srebp1 Signaling And A Polarity Shift To Inflammatory Macrophages In White Adipose Tissue, Terry D. Hinds, Jr., Zachary A. Kipp, Mei Xu, Frederique B. Yiannikouris, Andrew J. Morris, Donald F. Stec, Walter Wahli, David E. Stec Dec 2021

Adipose-Specific Pparα Knockout Mice Have Increased Lipogenesis By Pask–Srebp1 Signaling And A Polarity Shift To Inflammatory Macrophages In White Adipose Tissue, Terry D. Hinds, Jr., Zachary A. Kipp, Mei Xu, Frederique B. Yiannikouris, Andrew J. Morris, Donald F. Stec, Walter Wahli, David E. Stec

Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences Faculty Publications

The nuclear receptor PPARα is associated with reducing adiposity, especially in the liver, where it transactivates genes for β-oxidation. Contrarily, the function of PPARα in extrahepatic tissues is less known. Therefore, we established the first adipose-specific PPARα knockout (PparaFatKO) mice to determine the signaling position of PPARα in adipose tissue expansion that occurs during the development of obesity. To assess the function of PPARα in adiposity, female and male mice were placed on a high-fat diet (HFD) or normal chow for 30 weeks. Only the male PparaFatKO animals had significantly more adiposity in the inguinal white …

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Sheep Performance In Italian Ryegrass Swards At Contrasting Sward Heights, Paulo C. De F. Carvalho, L. S. Pontes, E. O. Silveira, C. H. E. C. Poli, Carlos Nabinger, O. A. Pereira Neto, G. E. Maraschin Dec 2021

Sheep Performance In Italian Ryegrass Swards At Contrasting Sward Heights, Paulo C. De F. Carvalho, L. S. Pontes, E. O. Silveira, C. H. E. C. Poli, Carlos Nabinger, O. A. Pereira Neto, G. E. Maraschin

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The objective of this study was to assess the effect of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) sward height on lamb performance. The experiment was carried out at the Research Station of UFRGS, Eldorado do Sul, Brazil. Yearling no-castrated male lambs were assessed in terms of individual animal performance and gain per hectare. The experiment was carried out in a randomised block design with three replications of four treatments: 5, 10, 15 and 20 cm of sward surface height (SSH), which were maintained using continuous variable stocking, and monitored by a sward stick. Samples of 0.25 m2 were cut …

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