Digital Commons Network^™

Cynodon Dactylon Control In Conservation Tillage Systems, A Rios, J M. Sanz

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon L. PERS.) is the most important weed in Uruguay. With the development of conservation tillage systems, chemical control of bermudagrass becomes essential. The objective of this research was to evaluate, in a long term integrated program, bermudagrass chemical control during the first year of a pasture. Application of glyphosate and no-tillage seeding of the pasture took place during fall. A 70% reduction of underground part of the weed was detected. The chemical control, together with a conservation tillage system and an adequate pasture management allowed an important reduction in bermudagrass level for the first year pasture. …

Legume Seedling Development In No Till Pasture Establishment, J L. Rossi, V A. Deregibus

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The objective of this study was to compare no-till and conventional seeding of pasture and their effects on legume establishment. The presence of residue cover reduced legume seedling establishment and weed population under no-till seeding. The reduction in establishment was associated with the physical impediment of the residue cover and the decay of seedling vigor when passing through that cover.

Ecotypic Adaptation Of Medicago Polymorpha Along A Gradient In Central Chile: Growth And Seed Production, A Del Pozo, C Ovalle, J Avendano

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Relative growth rate, total dry weight and seed yield on 19 accessions of burr medic (Medicago polymorpha L.) from different bioclimatic conditions, were assessed at Cauquenes (35°58’;72°17’W) in the subhumid mediterranean region. The accessions were sown in microplots over raised beds during two years (1991 and 1992), and swards cut periodically at 2, 6 and 10 cm height. There were significant differences between accessions in both total dry weight and seed yield (P < 0.001, Table 1), but the interaction between accessions and height of cutting was not significant (P > 0.05). Total dry weight was positive correlated with days to flowering (r2 = 0.81; P > 0.01).

Biochemical And Isoenzyme Analysis Of Seven Pennisetum Purpureum (Schum.) Cultivars, E E. Bach, V B.G. Alacantara, P B. Alcntara, E A. Veasey

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

This study characterized seven Pennisetum purpureum cultivars, namely cv. Anão, Bajra, Cameroon, Guaçu, Roxo, Taiwan A-144 and Uruckwami, through biochemical analysis, including protein, glucose and fructose contents, and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis using the esterase system, by sampling 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 dayold leaves. Cultivar Taiwan A-144 presented the highest number of nodes per stem and percentage of emerging buds. Protein concentration decreased gradually after 60 days for all cultivars, except for Anão. Cultivar Guaçu presented the highest level of glucose in 90 day old plants, whereas Cameroon presented the highest levels at 120 and 150 days. The esterase …

Effect Of Phosphorous Fertiliser On The Competition Between Two Tropical Grasses And Two Tropical Legumes, F D. Hu, R J. Jones

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The effect of P fertiliser on the competition between grass and legume in four grass-legume mixtures : Urochloa mosambicensis cv. Nixon/ Stylosanthes hamata cv. Verano; Nixon/S.scabra cv. Seca; Bothriochloa pertusa cv. Bowen/Verano and Bowen/Seca were studied. Each mixture was grown in a low P, low N soil, in pots. A standard replacement series design with two P levels (0 and 10 kg/ ha equivalent) and 3 replicates were used. Seventy days after sowing, Nixon mixtures outyielded Bowen mixtures, and Verano mixtures outyielded Seca mixtures. P increased top and root yields of all mixtures but there was no significant (p …

Selection And Agronomic Characterization Of Leucaena Spp. Genotypes For Cold Tolerance. I. Dry Matter Yield., M C. Goldfarb, J F. Casco

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Biotypes of Leucaena spp (56) were evaluated in order to identify those with tolerance to low temperature and with desirable characteristics as a forage crop. Selection was done at two phases. Phase I: 92 days old seedlings (n=2800) were subjected at two temperatures treatments during 14 hours: T1= -8 °C and T2= -3 °C. Selection criteria was established as 50% of live leaves remained after treatments were applied. Phase II: Plants that survived phase I were planted at field conditions and agronomic characteristics were measured. Seventeen plants were selected from eleven different biotypes, resulting one from T1 and the rest …

Morphogenesis And Growth Analysis Of Panicum Maximum Cultivars, A Gomide, C A.M Gomide

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Four cultivars of Panicum maximum, grown in pots, were evaluated regarding their leaf appearance and elongation rates, tillering appearance rate, as well as growth indices. Differences among cultivars were found as to leaf appearance and elongation rates and tillering rates. Main tiller leaf appearance was higher relative to primary tiller in the seedling growth, only. Primary tiller showed higher leaf elongation rate in the aftermath growth. No difference among cultivars was found for drymatter yield after 52 d growth period, leaf mortality, net assimilation rate, leaf area ratio and relative growth rate.

Competitive Interactions Between Palatable And Unpalatable Grasses: Effects Of Selective Defoliations Of The Palatable Grasses, R A. Distel, A S. Moretto

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Selective herbivory of the palatable species appears to be a dominant mechanisms contributing to species competitive replacement in grasslands. Selective herbivory of the palatable species allows unpalatable species to realize a competitive advantage within the community. To test this hypothesis we compare the competitive ability of the unpalatable grasses Stipa trichotoma or S. gyneriodes in the presence of nondefoliated and defoliated plants of the palatable grass S. clarazii. The three species are native to a temperate semiarid grassland of Argentina. The response variables estimated in S.trichotoma and S.gynerioides, at both plant and tiller levels, were higher (P < 0.05) in the presence of defoliated than in the presence of undefoliated plants of S.clarazii. These results support the hypothesis that selective herbivory of the palatable species confers unpalatable species a competitive advantages, contributing to species competitive replacement within the community.

Early Ontogenetic Responses Of Six Commercial Chloris Gayana Cultivars To Salinity, E Taleisnik, H Perez, G Peyrano, C Arias

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Some physiological aspects relevant to pasture establishment under saline conditions were evaluated in six cultivars of Chloris gayana . Two tetraploid cultivars: Boma and Callide, and four diploid ones: Bell, Katambora, Pioneer and a local accession of Pioneer, were analyzed. The effect of salinity on seedling emergence, the number of stolons per plant and frost tolerance were evaluated in the field, while effects on germination, early vegetative growth, regrowth after clipping, ion accumulation and stolon rooting were assessed in the greenhouse. Salinity had a negative effect on seedling emergence. Saline solutions delayed or altogether inhibited germination, but seeds retained viability …

Characterization Of The Leaf Anatomy Of Panicum Virgatum Germplasm, D S. Fisher, J C. Burns, J P. Pienaar

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Both the yield and digestibility of C4 grasses have been related to anatomical characteristics. The objectives of the current work were to test switchgrass with varied yield and digestibility for variation in anatomical measurements and to develop a method of graphically representing the anatomy. Six accessions were established in replicated field plots and the lamina were sampled, dehydrated and embedded for anatomical study. Midrib dimensions were excluded from study but perimeters of primary and secondary vascular bundles in the lamina were measured. Lamina thickness was determined at the primary bundle, secondary bundle and at the minimum between the bundles. The …

Water Use Efficiency In Chilean And Argentine Humid Temperate Grass-Legume Pastures, H G. Landi, M H. Wade, V Garcia De Cortazar, D E. Dalla Valle

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

At two sites in Argentina and Chile five levels of water input were applied to four sown pastures of varying ages during spring and summer. The pastures consisted principally of C3 grasses and legumes, some of which were sown such as Lolium perenne, Trifolium repens, Dactylis glomerata. Dry matter (DM) production was measured and related to the estimated total evapotranspiration (ET): responses were both highly linear. Both responses to ET and absolute yields were higher at the Argentinian than at the Chilean site: respectively 10.7 and 15.2 kg DM/mm water evapotranspired. Nevertheless the calculated indices of sensitivity (Ky) of Doorenbos …

Leaf Anatomy And Ultrastructure Of Poa Ligularis After Defoliation And Water Stress, M G. Klich, R E. Brevedan, S C. Villamil

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of defoliation and water stress on leaf anatomy and the mesophyll cell ultrastructure of Poa ligularis. Anatomical differences were detected mainly at epidermal level. Under water stress, leaf roughness was enhanced since the epidermal-cell surface contours became conspicuous. Under defoliation the microscopic roughness decreased as a result of fewer epicuticular wax crystals being formed. Defoliation produced an enhancement of the interlamellar spaces in the irrigated plantís chloroplast. Under no defoliation conditions, chloroplast structure was not affected by water stress. When subjected to water stress, lightly defoliated plants presented chloroplasts …

Leaf Growth And Anatomy During Winter Droughting Of Tetrachne Dregei Plants, M G. Klich, R E. Brevedan, H Laborde

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The purpose of this work was to study the leaf growth and anatomy of Tetrachne dregei plants when they were subjected to a winter drought period. Plants were grown in semicontrolled conditions under two soil moisture regimes: irrigated and non-irrigated. Anatomical characterization was made using optical and scanning electron microscopy. No differences were found in stomatal index, stomatal length and epidermal cell size, between irrigated and non-irrigated plants. The adaxial epidermis of water stressed plants was more pubescent. Leaf abaxial epidermis of non-irrigated plants showed more intercostal plates of crystallized epicuticular wax than that of the irrigated ones. Leaf tissue …

The Interaction Between Root Distribution And Pasture Growth During Water Deficit, D J. Barker, N Dymock

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Quantification of water-limited pasture growth is of interest in agriculture since it allows prediction of impaired animal production during drought, and is the basis for scheduling irrigation. Experimental work on two dairy pastures 25 km south-west of Palmerston North, New Zealand found 50% of root mass was in the top 2.3 cm of soil. Soil moisture was, similarly, not uniformly distributed down the soil profile and dried most rapidly in the top 20†cm of soil. Leaf appearance rate was more strongly correlated with water status nearer the soil surface (r = 0.52 & 0.63 for 0-5 & 10-15 cm depth, …

Management Of Tall Wheatgrass Based On The Leaf Appearance During Spring, S Laplace, M A. Brizuela, M S. Cid

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The objectives of this study were to determine the date of transition from vegetative to reproductive stage at different defoliation frequencies in tall wheatgrass (Thinopyrum ponticum). In addition, we assessed the relationship between the spring temperatures and the rate of leaf appearance. To meet both objectives we had defoliated and undefoliated plant plots at Balcarce Experiment Station, Argentina. The different defoliation treatments (every 7, 14, 21 and 28 days) delayed or avoided the manifestation of the reproductive stage. The apexes of undefoliated plants began to rise on October 12, while defoliated ones slowed that elevation or the same …

Fertilizer Nitrogen And Morphogenetic Response In Avena Sativa And Lolium Multiflorum, F Lattanzi, M A. Marino, A Mazzanti

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

A field experiment was carried out at the EEA Balcarce, INTA, Argentina (37° 45’LS, 58° 18’LW) to determine whether Leaf Appearance Rate (LAR) was affected by N fertilization in Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) and forage oats (Avena sativa). N treatments (0, 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 kg N ha-1) were applied in winter 1995, after a defoliation. Subsequently, number of leaves per tiller was determined on 45 labelled tillers in each treatment twice a week. LAR was calculated as the slope of the linear regression of number of leaves on thermal time (air temperature, base …

The Analysis Of Dynamic Interaction In Legume Binary Mixture Under Controlled Conditions Of Irrigation And Clipping, M S. Vrahnakis, B Noitsakis, Z Koukoura

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The objective of this study was to analyse the type of interference that occurred between the annual legume species, purple clover (Trifolium purpureum L.) and narrow leaved crimson clover (Trifolium angustifolium Loisel. ), growing in mixed conditions under two different watering regimes and two different clipping treatments. A replacement series experiment was conducted in pots placed in the field. The above ground biomass (gr/plant) were measured. The recently proposed Inverse Linear Model was implied in order to analyse the competitive interaction between the above species. The results suggest that Tr. purpureum was the superior competitor to Tr. angustifolium …

Forage News [2024-04], University Of Kentucky

Forage News

No abstract provided.

Neurotensin Modulates Ovarian Vascular Permeability Via Adherens Junctions, Andrew Pearson, Ketan Shrestha, Thomas E. Curry, Diane M. Duffy

UK CARES Faculty Publications

Neurotensin (NTS) is a 13-amino acid peptide which is highly expressed in the mammalian ovary in response to the luteinizing hormone surge. Antibody neutralization of NTS in the ovulatory follicle of the cynomolgus macaque impairs ovulation and induces follicular vascular dysregulation, with excessive pooling of red blood cells in the follicle antrum. We hypothesize that NTS is an essential intrafollicular regulator of vascular permeability. In the present study, follicle injection of the NTS receptor antagonist SR142948 also resulted in vascular dysregulation. To measure vascular permeability changes in vitro, primary macaque ovarian microvascular endothelial cells (mOMECs) were enriched from follicle aspirates …

Paradox Lost: Wide Gape In The Ordovician Brachiopod Rafinesquina Explains How Unattached Filter-Feeding Strophomenoids Thrived On Muddy Substrates, Benjamin F. Dattilo, Rebecca L. Freeman, Kyle Hartshorn, David Peterman, Aaron Morse, David L. Meyer, Lindsay G. Dougan, James W. Hagadorn

Earth and Environmental Sciences Faculty Publications

Strophomenoid brachiopods had thin, concavo-convex shells, were ubiquitous colonizers of Palaeozoic muddy seafloors, and are hypothesized to have filter-fed in a concave-upward orientation. This orientation would elevate their line of commissure out of potentially lethal lophophore-clogging mud. The paradox is that epi- biont distributions on strophomenoids support a convex-upward life position, as do studies of strophome- noid stability and trace fossils formed by strophomenoid sediment-clearing. A premise of the concave-upward orientation hypothesis is a narrow gape, which causes narrow, high velocity inhalant currents, leaving strophomenoids vul- nerable to sediment entrainment. Herein we investigate the gape angle of Rafinesquina using serial …

Joint Environmental And Social Benefits From Diversified Agriculture, Laura Vang Rasmussen, Ingo Grass

Earth and Environmental Sciences Faculty Publications

Agricultural simplification continues to expand at the expense of more diverse forms of agriculture. This simplification, for example, in the form of intensively managed monocultures, poses a risk to keeping the world within safe and just Earth system boundaries. Here, we estimated how agricultural diversification simultaneously affects social and environmental outcomes. Drawing from 24 studies in 11 countries across 2655 farms, we show how five diversification strategies focusing on livestock, crops, soils, noncrop plantings, and water conservation benefit social (e.g., human well-being, yields, and food security) and environmental (e.g., biodiversity, ecosystem services, and reduced environmental externalities) outcomes. We found that …

A Multi-Ancestry Genetic Study Of Pain Intensity In 598,339 Veterans., Sylvanus Toikumo, Rachel Vickers-Smith, Zeal Jinwala, Heng Xu, Divya Saini, Emily E Hartwell, Mirko Pavicic, Kyle A Sullivan, Ke Xu, Daniel A Jacobson, Joel Gelernter, Christopher T Rentsch, Million Veteran Program, Eli Stahl, Martin Cheatle, Hang Zhou, Stephen G Waxman, Amy C Justice, Rachel L Kember, Henry R Kranzler

Epidemiology and Environmental Health Faculty Publications

Chronic pain is a common problem, with more than one-fifth of adult Americans reporting pain daily or on most days. It adversely affects the quality of life and imposes substantial personal and economic costs. Efforts to treat chronic pain using opioids had a central role in precipitating the opioid crisis. Despite an estimated heritability of 25-50%, the genetic architecture of chronic pain is not well-characterized, in part because studies have largely been limited to samples of European ancestry. To help address this knowledge gap, we conducted a cross-ancestry meta-analysis of pain intensity in 598,339 participants in the Million Veteran Program, …

Asthmatic Patients With High Serum Amyloid A Have Proinflammatory Hdl: Implications For Augmented Systemic And Airway Inflammation., Xianglan Yao, Maryann Kaler, Xuan Qu, Rama Satyanarayana Raju Kalidhindi, Denis Sviridov, Amaury Dasseux, Eric Barr, Karen Keeran, Kenneth R. Jeffries, Zu-Xi Yu, Meixia Gao, Scott Gordon, Amisha V. Barochia, Joni Mills, Shahid Shahid, Nargues A. Weir, Or Kalchiem-Dekel, Patricia Theard, Martin P. Playford, Mario Stylianou, Wendy Fitzgerald, Alan T. Remaley, Stewart J. Levine

Physiology Faculty Publications

RATIONALE: Serum amyloid A (SAA) is bound to high-density lipoproteins (HDL) in blood. Although SAA is increased in the blood of patients with asthma, it is not known whether this modifies asthma severity.

OBJECTIVE: We sought to define the clinical characteristics of patients with asthma who have high SAA levels and assess whether HDL from SAA-high patients with asthma is proinflammatory.

METHODS: SAA levels in serum from subjects with and without asthma were quantified by ELISA. HDLs isolated from subjects with asthma and high SAA levels were used to stimulate human monocytes and were intravenously administered to BALB/c mice.

RESULTS: …

Inhibition Of Carbohydrate Metabolism Potentiated By The Therapeutic Effects Of Oxidative Phosphorylation Inhibitors In Colon Cancer Cells, Lichao Guo, Baochen Zhang, Wen Zhang, Yanqi Xie, Xi Chen, Xueke Sun, David S. Watt, Chunming Liu, H. Peter Spielmann, Xifu Liu

Markey Cancer Center Faculty Publications

Cancer cells undergo a significant level of “metabolic reprogramming” or “remodeling” to ensure an adequate supply of ATP and “building blocks” for cell survival and to facilitate accelerated proliferation. Cancer cells preferentially use glycolysis for ATP production (the Warburg effect); however, cancer cells, including colorectal cancer (CRC) cells, also depend on oxidative phospho- rylation (OXPHOS) for ATP production, a finding that suggests that both glycolysis and OXPHOS play significant roles in facilitating cancer progression and proliferation. Our prior studies identified a semisynthetic isoflavonoid, DBI-1, that served as an AMPK activator targeting mitochondrial com- plex I. Furthermore, DBI-1 and a glucose …

Relative Adrenal Insufficiency Is A Risk Factor For Pediatric Sepsis: A Proof-Of-Concept Study, Dan Hao, Ling Guo, Qian Wang, Misa Ito, Bin Huang, Chieko Mineo, Philip W. Shaul, Xiang-An Li

Markey Cancer Center Faculty Publications

Glucocorticoid (GC) therapy had been strongly recommended for pediatric sepsis (grade 1A). However, the recommendation was changed to grade 2C in 2020 due to weak evidence. About 32.8% of patients with pediatric septic develop relative adrenal insufficiency (RAI). But whether GC therapy should be determined by RAI status is controversial. This study utilized 21-day- old SF1CreSRBIfl/fl mice as the first pediatric RAI mouse model to assess the pathogenesis of RAI and evaluate GC therapy. RAI mice exhibited a substantially higher mortality rate in cecal ligation and puncture and cecal slurry–induced sepsis. These mice featured persistent inflammatory responses and were effectively …

The Nonvesicular Sterol Transporter Aster-C Plays A Minor Role In Whole Body Cholesterol Balance, Ranjan Banerjee, Rachel C. Hohe, Shijie Cao, Bryan M. Jung, Anthony J. Horak, Iyappan Ramachandiran, William J. Massey, Venkateshwari Varadharajan, Natalie I. Zajczenko, Amy C. Burrows, Sumita Dutta, Maryam Goudarzi, Kala Mahen, Abigail Carter, Robert N. Helsley, Scott M. Gordon, Richard E. Morton, Christopher Strauch, Belinda Willard, Camelia Baleanu Gogonea, Valentin Gogonea, Matteo Pedrelli, Paolo Parini, J. Mark Brown

Markey Cancer Center Faculty Publications

Introduction: The Aster-C protein (encoded by the Gramd1c gene) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) resident protein that has been reported to transport cholesterol from the plasma membrane to the ER. Although there is a clear role for the closely-related Aster-B protein in cholesterol transport and downstream esterification in the adrenal gland, the specific role for Aster-C in cholesterol homeostasis is not well understood. Here, we have examined whole body cholesterol balance in mice globally lacking Aster-C under low or high dietary cholesterol conditions.

Method: Age-matched Gramd1c^+/+ and Gramd1c^−/− mice were fed either low (0.02%, wt/wt) or high (0.2%, …

Antioxidant Properties Of Bovine Liver Protein Hydrolysates And Their Practical Application In Biphasic Systems, Betul Arslan, Youling L. Xiong, Ayla Soyer

Animal and Food Sciences Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: The influence of protein hydrolysate produced from bovine liver protein hydrolysate (LPH) by enzymatic hydrolysis, using Alcalase/Protamex (1:1), on lipid dispersions was investigated. LPH production was optimized to maximize the antioxidant activity (at 45, 50, and 55 °C for 12, 18, and 24 h). Different concentrations of LPHs (1, 3, and 5 mg/g) were added to emulsions and to liposomes. Lipid oxidation level and particle size of the lipid dispersions were monitored for 14 days of storage at 25 °C. RESULTS: Radical scavenging activity and reducing power were the highest at 45 °C after 24 h of hydrolysis. Electrophoresis …

The Hagfish Genome And The Evolution Of Vertebrates, Ferdinand Marlétaz, Nataliya Timoshevskaya, Vladimir A. Timoshevskiy, Elise Parey, Oleg Simakov, Daria Gavriouchkina, Masakazu Suzuki, Kaoru Kubokawa, Sydney Brenner, Jeramiah James Smith, Daniel S. Rokhsar

Markey Cancer Center Faculty Publications

As the only surviving lineages of jawless fishes, hagfishes and lampreys provide a crucial window into early vertebrate evolution1–3 . Here we investigate the complex history, timing and functional role of genome-wide duplications4–7 and programmed DNA elimination8,9 in vertebrates in the light of a chromosome-scale genome sequence for the brown hagfish Eptatretus atami. Combining evidence from syntenic and phylogenetic analyses, we establish a comprehensive picture of vertebrate genome evolution, including an auto-tetraploidization (1RV) that predates the early Cambrian cyclostome–gnathostome split, followed by a mid–late Cambrian allo-tetraploidization (2RJV) in gnathostomes and a prolonged Cambrian–Ordovician hexaploidization (2RCY) in cyclostomes. Subsequently, hagfishes underwent …

Altered Lipid Metabolism In Apc-Driven Colorectal Cancer: The Potential For Therapeutic Intervention, Courtney O. Kelson, Yekaterina Y. Zaytseva

Markey Cancer Center Faculty Publications

Altered lipid metabolism is a well-recognized feature of solid cancers, including colorectal cancer. In colorectal cancer, upregulation of lipid metabolism contributes to initiation, progression, and metastasis; thus, aberrant lipid metabolism contributes to a poor patient outcome. The inactivating mutation of APC, a vital tumor suppressor in the Wnt signaling pathway, is a key event that occurs early in the majority of colorectal cancer cases. The potential crosstalk between lipid metabolism and APC-driven colorectal cancer is poorly understood. This review collectively highlights and summarizes the limited understanding between mutations in APC and the upregulation of Wnt/beta- catenin signaling and lipid metabolism. …

A Highly Selective Mpges-1 Inhibitor To Block Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Progression In The Angiotensin Mouse Model., Lauren M Weaver, Madeline J Stewart, Kai Ding, Charles D. Loftin, Fang Zheng, Chang-Guo Zhan

Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty Publications

Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a deadly, permanent ballooning of the aortic artery. Pharmacological and genetic studies have pointed to multiple proteins, including microsomal prostaglandin E₂ synthase-1 (mPGES-1), as potentially promising targets. However, it remains unknown whether administration of an mPGES-1 inhibitor can effectively attenuate AAA progression in animal models. There are still no FDA-approved pharmacological treatments for AAA. Current research stresses the importance of both anti-inflammatory drug targets and rigor of translatability. Notably, mPGES-1 is an inducible enzyme responsible for overproduction of prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂)-a well-known principal pro-inflammatory prostanoid. Here we demonstrate for the first …