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Analysis Of Different Techniques For Improving Performance Of Flat Plate Solar Collectors For Fruits Drying, Godfrey Mbabaye
Analysis Of Different Techniques For Improving Performance Of Flat Plate Solar Collectors For Fruits Drying, Godfrey Mbabaye
Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)
Fruits drying had become a broader technology in fruits and vegetables value addition. The technology is reported to be a promising way of drying without incurring higher cost but its adaptation has not been feasible in rural areas. Solar dryers have been developed but its poor performance limits its applicability. In this study, several techniques for modifications of traditional solar collector were addressed. It was observed that, varying collector designs in different techniques, a range of collector performances can be archived. The research shows that, collector efficiency can be improved by 9.6% when employing double duct counter flow compared to …
Noise Pollution In Maize Milling Smes, Erasto Elias
Noise Pollution In Maize Milling Smes, Erasto Elias
Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)
Maize milling SMEs emit high levels of noise which can have adverse effects on human beings and therefore require controlling. This paper reports on a study that involved assessment and measurement of noise level in maize milling SMEs in DSM and Morogoro urban, gathering opinions of workers and the neighbouring population on noise problems, and suggesting solutions for noise control. Noise measurements in 41 SMEs were recorded from 89-103 dBA in DSM and 92-103 dBA in Morogoro near the milling machines. These values were higher than the safe level of 85 dBA for 8 hours working shift. Measurement also indicated …
Analysis Of Power Efficiency Of A Direct-Driven Locally Fabricated Permanent Magnet Ac Generator For Small-Scale Wind Power Applications In Tanzania, Mussa Iddi Mgwatu Dr.
Analysis Of Power Efficiency Of A Direct-Driven Locally Fabricated Permanent Magnet Ac Generator For Small-Scale Wind Power Applications In Tanzania, Mussa Iddi Mgwatu Dr.
Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)
The use of direct-driven permanent magnet alternating current (AC) generators offers the opportunity to reduced costs and increased system efficiency. This type of generator could be the best alternative for rural population whom are not connected to the national grid. To improve the design and efficiency of locally fabricated generators, it is imperative to characterize both their mechanical and electrical parameters. This paper presents the analysis of power efficiency of the synchronous permanent AC generator locally fabricated in Tanzania. In this case, load resistance and rotational speed are characterized using designed experiment. The output current and voltage of the generator …
Thermolysis And Kinetics Of Scrap Tyre And Bagasse For Energy Utilization, Petro Ndalila
Thermolysis And Kinetics Of Scrap Tyre And Bagasse For Energy Utilization, Petro Ndalila
Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)
The increase of energy demand has brought concern to find alternative fuel that will at least sustain the requirement. Bagasse and scrap tyre are waste generated in our industrial activities, which can be used in energy production to subsidize the demand. This paper, aim to study the decomposition behaviour and kinetics of biomass (bagasse) and scrap tyre as preliminary stage of fuel sample analysis to be considered for energy production in gasification/combustion or pyrolysis facilities. The behaviour demonstrated with thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA), shows that all samples have high volatile amount release, 84.21% for bagasse and 85.08% for scrap tyre, which …
Analysis Of Factors Affecting Technological Innovativeness In Engineering Enterprises In Tanzania, Emanuel Mjema
Analysis Of Factors Affecting Technological Innovativeness In Engineering Enterprises In Tanzania, Emanuel Mjema
Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)
This paper discusses the technological innovativeness in engineering enterprises in Tanzania and analyses the factors affecting the innovativeness. It starts by analyzing various concepts regarding innovation, then analyzed from documentary review factors affecting innovativeness and then analyzed the innovativeness in Tanzanian enterprises. From the documentary review it was learnt that the following key factors influence technological innovativeness: Existence of innovation management; Existence of market to absorb the products of innovation; Existence of partnership between the universities and the firms; Existence of positive culture and politics towards innovation; The government playing its role to influence innovation; Existence of the right knowledge; …
Optimising The Performance Of Roundabouts In Dar Es Salaam City, David Mfinanga
Optimising The Performance Of Roundabouts In Dar Es Salaam City, David Mfinanga
Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)
Intersections are one of the major bottlenecks that aggravate congestion in road networks; effective control of which is an important strategy in improving traffic flow. While developing countries have found it hard to adopt sophisticated means of intersection control, they have also not optimised the performance of roundabouts. This paper reviews the performance of roundabouts, which have become increasingly popular in recent years, as simple and low cost forms of intersection control. The performance of three major roundabouts in Dar es Salaam has been analysed and results show that roundabouts can accommodate high traffic volumes without causing excessive delays. The …
Stakeholders’ Views On The Effects Of Students’ Participation In Co-Curricular Activities In Secondary Schools In Tanzania, Rehema Japhet
Stakeholders’ Views On The Effects Of Students’ Participation In Co-Curricular Activities In Secondary Schools In Tanzania, Rehema Japhet
Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences
This paper seeks to explore stakeholders’ views on the effects of students’ participation in co-curricular activities in secondary schools. It explores the perceptions held by heads of schools, teachers, students, chairpersons of school boards, school inspectors and parents towards academic, physical and social development of students as a result of engaging in co-curricular activities. Stakeholders’ views helped to determine the value attached to the activities in comparison to the contribution the activities have in students’ total development. A total of 218 respondents participated in the study on which this paper is based. Basically, qualitative research data collection methodology was used …
Academic Staff’S Access And Use Of Technological Tools: A Challenge To Blended Learning Implementation In Tanzania’S Tertiary Institutions, Luka Mkonongwa
Academic Staff’S Access And Use Of Technological Tools: A Challenge To Blended Learning Implementation In Tanzania’S Tertiary Institutions, Luka Mkonongwa
Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences
This paper explores academic staff’s access to and ability to use technological tools in the course of implementing blended learning system in higher education. In a study, a survey questionnaire was used to collect data from 46 respondents. The results revealed that although academic staff had high self-efficacy towards learning and using technological tools, their access to and use of many technological tools were too limited. This affected their competence and confidence to use such technological tools to teach, and deterred the successful implementation of the blended learning approach. The study concluded that the success of blended learning will depend …
Challenges Of African Languages In Education: The Case Of Kiswahili In Tanzania, Benedictor Phanuel Lema
Challenges Of African Languages In Education: The Case Of Kiswahili In Tanzania, Benedictor Phanuel Lema
Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences
Tanzania presents a perfect case of former colonies that have strived to redress colonial legacies. The Africanization policy adopted after independence and cemented in the 1967 Arusha Declaration was a deliberate move to replace foreign workforce and practices with African values. Education was one of the sectors that needed and, indeed, received a lot of transformations. This paper particularly discusses language practices in the education system in Tanzania in that context. While both theory and practice favour Kiswahili as a medium of instruction at all levels of education, policy seems to work to the contrary. The discussion revolves around the …
Controversies Underlying The Genre Of Short Story: A Critique Of Perceptions On Kiswahili Written Short Story, Method Samwel
Controversies Underlying The Genre Of Short Story: A Critique Of Perceptions On Kiswahili Written Short Story, Method Samwel
Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences
The genre of short story has been viewed by scholars as being very controversial and conflicting. The debates are on the proper way of defining short stories, their classification with supporting examples, and their actual distinctive features. This paper acknowledges the need to analyze literature into genres and even sub-genres, but shows how controversial literary genres can be. It mainly focuses on controversies pertaining to short story as a genre of Kiswahili literature. It presents varied perceptions of various scholars on issues related to Kiswahili written short stories. It also presents the ‘best’ way of resolving the controversies.
Teachers’ Attitudes Towards Sexuality Education: A Case Of Primary Schools In Morogoro Region, Tanzania, Margareth Bilinga
Teachers’ Attitudes Towards Sexuality Education: A Case Of Primary Schools In Morogoro Region, Tanzania, Margareth Bilinga
Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences
This paper is about teachers’ attitudes towards teaching sexuality education (SE) in Morogoro rural and urban districts. It is based on a study which employed mixed method design and used both qualitative and quantitative approaches. It involved a sample of 126 teachers residing from Morogoro rural and urban schools. Data were obtained through interviews and questionnaire. It was revealed that a majority of the teachers supported the teaching of SE in schools with more support of HIV and AIDS contents than pregnancy and contraceptives. There was no significant difference in terms of attitudes between teachers residing in rural and urban …
Wetlands Utilization And Rural Livelihood Diversification: A Case Of Simiyu Wetland, Magu, Tanzania, Emiliana Mwita
Wetlands Utilization And Rural Livelihood Diversification: A Case Of Simiyu Wetland, Magu, Tanzania, Emiliana Mwita
Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences
In many developing countries wetlands play an important role in supporting the livelihood of both urban and rural communities. In rural areas wetlands are increasingly becoming a focal point of production and livelihood diversification due to their richness and the diverse options they provide. This paper explores the livelihood options provided by Simiyu wetland in Magu District, Simiyu Region, to the community living arround it using social survey methods. This paper is based on a study which shows that wetland farming is the main activity (75%) and significantly contribute to cash income generation, followed by livestock keeping, fishing and handicraft. …
Floristic Composition, Diversity And Structure Of The Kimboza Forest In Morogoro Region, Tanzania, David S. Kacholi
Floristic Composition, Diversity And Structure Of The Kimboza Forest In Morogoro Region, Tanzania, David S. Kacholi
Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences
Kimboza forest reserve in Morogoro region, is an important biodiversity hotspot among the Eastern Arc forests of Tanzania. High population pressure and encroachment threatens its conservation values. This is based on a study which aimed at investigating the composition, diversity, and structure of the tree community in the forest. All trees with DBH ≥ 10cm were inventoried from 0.72ha in a total of 18 plots of 20m × 20m placed randomly from the forest edge to the interior. Most important families and species were determined using familial importance value (FIV) and species importance value (IVI) indices, respectively. Diversity was analyzed …
Understanding Social Changes In Tanzania: Independence And Loss Of Hegemonic Masculinity In Ruhumbika’S Village In Uhuru, Edith Bwana
Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences
The transition from colonialism to independence and Ujamaa had great impacts on society—politically, economically and socially. This is discussed in relation to the novel Village in Uhuru (1969) by Gabriel Ruhumbika. Within the backdrop of independence, he explores the social changes that occur in the small village of Chamambo. Through two main characters—namely Balinde and Musilanga— Ruhumbika explores the changing social values. This paper argues that masculinity is a social construct. It will explore how Musilanga serves as a representative of hegemonic masculinity, and how through the actions of his son, he is deprived of this designation, leaving a void …
The Effect Of Separating Ownership From Control On Corporate Leverage, Josephat Lotto
The Effect Of Separating Ownership From Control On Corporate Leverage, Josephat Lotto
Business Management Review
This paper aims to examine how corporate leverage is affected by the separation of ownership from control .Using data from a sample of 643 listed UK firms, the results show supportive evidence of a statistically significant positive relationship between the largest shareholder ' s ownership concentration and debt ratio. More importantly, the results of the paper show a statistically significant and positive relationship between control-wedge (deviation between control rights and cash flow rights) and the debt ratio confirming that control attracts controlling shareholders to extract private benefits. This finding offers directly evidence for the debt-increasing effect of the hypothesis formulated …
Prerequisites For Biocrops Up-Scaling I: An Assessment Of Seed Propagation Of Oilferous Plant Species With Potential For Biodiesel Production, Agnes Ms Nyomora, Esther P Masomhe
Prerequisites For Biocrops Up-Scaling I: An Assessment Of Seed Propagation Of Oilferous Plant Species With Potential For Biodiesel Production, Agnes Ms Nyomora, Esther P Masomhe
Tanzania Journal of Science
This study assessed the propagation of non- edible oil plant species with potential for biodiesel production on 4 potting media forest, sandy, clay and loamy soil using seeds. Investigation was based on assessment of seed germination capacity, rooting ability and seedling growth rate of six selected plant species Telfairia pedata, Jatropha curcas, Excoecaria bussei, Croton macrostachyus, Croton megalocarpus and Ricinus communis. Completely randomized design (CRD) was adopted for this study using 10 seeds per plot (5L capacity pots) with 4 replications. An ANOVA was conducted to test for the significance of the treatments while Tukey-Kramer Multiple Comparisons test was used …
Prerequisites For Biocrops Up-Scaling Ii: An Assessment Of The Vegetative Method Of Propagation For Oilferous Plant Species With Potential For Biodiesel Production, Agnes Ms Nyomora
Tanzania Journal of Science
The rooting ability of hardwood cuttings from six selected non- edible oilferous plant species with potential for biodiesel production namely Telfairia pedata, Jatropha curcas, Excoecaria bussei, Croton macrostachyus, Croton megalocarpus and Ricinus communis was assessed on 4 different potting media i.e. forest top soil, sandy, clay and loamy soil. The proportion of cuttings that rooted were evaluated for the root numbers, root length, root dry weight, sprouting and callus formation. Complete randomized design (CRD) was adopted for the experiments and each of the species was replicated 4 times using 5 hardwood cuttings per plot (5 L capacity pots). An ANOVA …
Formation Of Cell Masses In The Myelencephalon Of The Clawed Frog, Xenopus Muelleri, Flora Stephano
Formation Of Cell Masses In The Myelencephalon Of The Clawed Frog, Xenopus Muelleri, Flora Stephano
Tanzania Journal of Science
An important process in the organization of developing nervous system is the clustering of neurons with similar properties to form nuclei. The development of myelencephalon of Xenopus muelleri, a pipid frog that retains a lateral line system throughout life, was studied in Nissl stained serial sections. The results showed that density of neurons increases as the animal develops. Cell masses were formed in the latter half of larval stages (stage 48 to 59). Large neurons migrate first before small neurons. Raphes and reticular formation nuclei and Mauthner cells were the earliest neurons that could be distinctly recognized on the ventral …
Synthesis And Physico-Chemical Studies Of Azo Dyes From Anacardic Acid, An Inexpensive Renewable Resource, John Mkungu, Quintino Mgani, Stephen Mdachi
Synthesis And Physico-Chemical Studies Of Azo Dyes From Anacardic Acid, An Inexpensive Renewable Resource, John Mkungu, Quintino Mgani, Stephen Mdachi
Tanzania Journal of Science
(3AP) and 4-aminophenol (4AP) with both unsaturated (UA) and saturated (SA) anacardic acidsand the calcium salt (CA) of the unsaturated acid. The six prepared dyes are, thus, given theacronyms 3APSA, 3APUA, 3APCA, 4APSA, 4APUA, and 4APCA depending on the source of thediazonium salt and the form of anacardic acid used. The dyes were characterized using UV-Visand FT-IR spectroscopic techniques. The UV-Vis absorption spectra of the dyes were found tohave maximum peaks at 520 nm for the dyes of 3AP origin and at 295 nm for the dyes of 4APorigin. The FT-IR spectra for the dyes indicated presence of the azo …
Antimycobacterial And Cytotoxicity Evaluation Of The Constituents Of Monodora Carolinae, Nyangi Magori, Stephen S Nyandoro, Joan Je Munissi, Matthias Heydenreich
Antimycobacterial And Cytotoxicity Evaluation Of The Constituents Of Monodora Carolinae, Nyangi Magori, Stephen S Nyandoro, Joan Je Munissi, Matthias Heydenreich
Tanzania Journal of Science
Phytochemical investigation of the stem bark of the recently described species Monodora carolinae (Annonaceae) afforded prenylindole derivatives (E)-4-(1H-indol-6-yl)-but-3-en-2-one (1), 5-formylindole (2), fatty acid (Z)-hexade-7-enoic acid (3) and the lignanamide cannabisin B (4). The structures of the isolated compounds were established using NMR and MS analyses. The antimycobacterial activities of the extracts and isolated compounds were evaluated against Mycobacterium madagascariense (MM) and M. indicus pranii (MIP) using the two-fold microtitre dilution method. While the extracts exhibited minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranging from 500 – 1000 µg/mL, the isolated compounds were 125 – 250 µg/mL, indicating very low activity. Cytotoxic effects were …
Population Dynamics Of Pseudo-Nitzschia Species (Bacillariophyceae) In The Near Shore Waters Of Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania, Charles Lugomela
Population Dynamics Of Pseudo-Nitzschia Species (Bacillariophyceae) In The Near Shore Waters Of Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania, Charles Lugomela
Tanzania Journal of Science
The genus Pseudo-nitzschia is a chain-forming diatom comprising about 30 species some of which are known to produce domoic acid (DA) that causes amnesic shellfish poisoning (ASP). The current study aimed at assessing the population dynamics of Pseudo-nitzschia in the near shore waters of Dar es Salaam. Samples were collected between August 2008 and July 2009 from two stations. The first station was located in the open waters off Mbudya Island and the second was located at a point in-between Kunduchi and Mbudya Island. Three Pseudo-nitzschia species, i.e., Pseudo-nitzschia pungens, Pseudo-nitzschia seriata and Pseudo-nitzschia cuspidata were encountered with Pseudo-nitzschia pungens …
Current Status And Future Perspectives Of Bioinformatics In Tanzania, Sylvester L. Lyantagaye
Current Status And Future Perspectives Of Bioinformatics In Tanzania, Sylvester L. Lyantagaye
Tanzania Journal of Science
The main bottleneck in advancing genomics in present times is the lack of expertise in using bioinformatics tools and approaches for data mining in raw DNA sequences generated by modern high throughput technologies such as next generation sequencing. Although bioinformatics has been making major progress and contributing to the development in the rest of the world, it has still not yet fully integrated the tertiary education and research sector in Tanzania. This review aims to introduce a summary of recent achievements, trends and success stories of application of bioinformatics in biotechnology. The applications of bioinformatics in the fields such as …
Gas Leakage Detection System (Glds), Daudi Simbeye
Gas Leakage Detection System (Glds), Daudi Simbeye
Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)
This paper mainly focuses on the detection of gas leakage and providing security when the user is around or away from home. The system is Short Message Service (SMS) based and uses wireless technology for providing security against gas leakage to users hence cost effective and more adaptable. The system comprises of sensors for detecting gas leak interfaced to microcontroller that will give an alert to user whenever there is a gas leakage, display warning information by using Liquid Crystal Display (LCD), sending SMS to the user for notification wherever he/she might be and turning off electric power with the …
Isolation And Characterisation Of Micro-Organisms With Industrial Importance From Sisal Bole Rots, Consolatha Mhaiki
Isolation And Characterisation Of Micro-Organisms With Industrial Importance From Sisal Bole Rots, Consolatha Mhaiki
Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)
Investigation of microorganisms naturally acclimatized to Agave hybrid H 11648 (sisal bole rot) was conducted, with the aim of isolating and characterizing Aspergillus niger strains for industrial use. Microorganism were identified morphologically and then confirmation made by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results showed the existence of four major groups, listed in order of abundances as follows; Aspergilli (36.0±0.8) %, Penicillin (28.0±0.1) %, Yeast (15.0±1.6) %and Fusarium (10.0±0.12) %. The main groups of Aspergilli strains were A. nidulans, A. tamari and A. niger in ratios (3:2:2), respectively. Several endo-spore forming non-enteric gram (-) rods and coccid bacteria identified by API 20 …
Improvement Of Hydraulic Press For Vegetable Oil Expression In Rural Areas, I. P. Bateebe
Improvement Of Hydraulic Press For Vegetable Oil Expression In Rural Areas, I. P. Bateebe
Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)
Cultivation of oil producing crops especially Jatropha and croton as source of vegetable oil for biodiesel production is being encouraged in rural areas. To recover oil from seed, manual press is the feasible method in rural areas where there is no electricity. Research was conducted to improve hydraulic oil press machine for rural application. Factors affecting oil recovery were found to be: moisture content of seeds, operating pressure, seed oil content, and the amount of seeds pressed per batch. Percentage oil recovery was improved by reducing diameter of press cylinder, hence increasing expression pressure, and either reducing amount of seed …
Problems And Prospects Of Hydraulic Modelling For Environmental Flows Assessment Studies In East Africa, Preksedis Ndomba
Problems And Prospects Of Hydraulic Modelling For Environmental Flows Assessment Studies In East Africa, Preksedis Ndomba
Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)
The objective of this paper is to document the problems and prospects of hydraulic modelling for Environmental Flows Assessment (EFA) studies based on selected case studies. Most of studies in East Africa use Holistic methodologies. An ideal data set for defining river hydraulics for most of these methods would be six data points of stage measurements over a good distribution of discharges, the stage of zero discharge and some flood-related data. Besides, in East African region EFA studies suffer from data scarcity (i.e., poorly gauged sites) and limited expertise and funding. The hydraulics studies conducted by the authors entailed desktop …
Open Source Kiswahili Spell Checker (Sw-Tz), Hashim Twaakyondo
Open Source Kiswahili Spell Checker (Sw-Tz), Hashim Twaakyondo
Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)
Different English software products are localized into many native languages spoken around the world, the most popular software products localized so far are word processing software and web browsers. The effort has begun to localize these software products in Kiswahili language which is widely spoken in Tanzania, East and Central Africa. Kiswahili is an official language of Tanzania, and is a national language in Uganda and Kenya. To make these software products useful to Kiswahili speaking community particularly in Tanzania a new Kiswahili spell checker has been developed and, it uses most of the Kiswahili words spoken in Tanzania and …
2d Autocad Geometric Data Extraction And Post Processing For Numerical Control, Tito Mwinuka
2d Autocad Geometric Data Extraction And Post Processing For Numerical Control, Tito Mwinuka
Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)
In this paper, a method of extracting 2D geometric data from AutoCAD drawing and post processing for Numerical Control (NC) is presented. Geometric data already available in the Drawing Interchange Files (DXF) can be utilized to accurately and economically prepare part programs for controlling NC/CNC machine tools. AutoCAD, being general purpose software, stores its geometric data in a form that cannot be directly applied for automatic generation of Numerical Control (NC) codes. The way around the discrepancy between the structure of a drawing database (DXF files) and the information requirement for part programming is addressed in this work. NC programming …
Assessment Of The Implementation Of Learner-Centred Teaching Approaches In Secondary Schools In Kibondo, Tanzania, Leatitia Gabriel
Assessment Of The Implementation Of Learner-Centred Teaching Approaches In Secondary Schools In Kibondo, Tanzania, Leatitia Gabriel
Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences
This study assesses the extent to which the learner-centred approach (LCA) is effectively articulated in secondary schools in Kibondo District of Kigoma Region, Tanzania. Data were collected through document analysis, observation, interviews, focus group discussion and questionnaires from 166 respondents. Research findings show that teachers encountered a number of transitional problems in implementing the LCA, including overcrowded classes, lack of students’ readiness and interest, language problem among learners, lack of in-service training on LCA, poor students’ participation in class, inadequate instructional resources such as textbooks and reference materials and shortage of teachers, the situation which lead to an enormous teaching …
Ikalanga Derived Personal Names: A Functionalist Approach, Budzani Gabanamotse-Mogara
Ikalanga Derived Personal Names: A Functionalist Approach, Budzani Gabanamotse-Mogara
Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences
This article discusses the way a personal name is derived, the context in which a name is given in Ikalanga, as well as the meaning behind the name. It is argued that Ikalanga personal names are derived from different grammatical categories such as verbs, possessives, nouns, adjectives, etc. Ikalanga personal names have different meanings. These meanings are mostly related to incidents that happen before pregnancy, at birth and after birth. The article argues that most of the time the meaning is known to the namer, and not the one to whom the name is bestowed. The article also looks at …