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Title Page, Florida Historical Society Mar 2022

Title Page, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

Title page for Volume 78, Number 4. Includes the Table of Contents


Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society Mar 2022

Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

James J. Miller, An Environmental History of Northeast Florida, by Bruce R. Stephenson; Elizabeth Riegler MacManus and Susan A. MacManus, Citrus, Sawmills, Critters, Crackers: Life in Early Lutz and Central Pasco County, by Charle W. Arnade; Victor Andres Triay, Fleeing Castro: Operation Pedro Pan and the Cuban Children's Program, by William Marina; William P. Cumming, The Southeast in Early Maps, by Meaghan N. Duff; Lawrence E. Babits, A Devil of a Whipping: The Battle of Cowpens, by Clayton E. Jewett; Joseph Allan Frank, With Ballot and Bayonet: The Political Socialization of American Civil War Soldiers, by Canter Brown Jr.; James …


Florida's Flying Minute Men: The Civil Air Patrol, 1941-1943, Thomas Reilly Mar 2022

Florida's Flying Minute Men: The Civil Air Patrol, 1941-1943, Thomas Reilly

Florida Historical Quarterly

As the United States teetered on the brink of war, many worried that the country was woefully unprepared to defend its own shores. Several prominent Americans developed the idea of a civilian defense force to patrol the offshore waters of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans and the Gulf of Mexico. A committee headed by Gill Robb Wilson, National Aeronautic Association president and aviation editor for the New York Herald Tribune, presented a Civil Air Patrol (CAP) plan to Fiorello H. LaGuardia, director of the United States Civilian Defense, mayor of New York City, and World War I flyer. Unlike many …


"Was I A Member Of Congress . . .": Zachary Taylor's Letter To John J. Crittenden, January 12, 1838, Concerning The Second Seminole War, Harry A. Kersey, Jr. Mar 2022

"Was I A Member Of Congress . . .": Zachary Taylor's Letter To John J. Crittenden, January 12, 1838, Concerning The Second Seminole War, Harry A. Kersey, Jr.

Florida Historical Quarterly

On January 12, 1838, Colonel Zachary Taylor penned a letter to his close friend and confidant Senator John J. Crittenden of Kentucky. Eighteen days earlier, on Christmas Day, 1837, Taylor’s command fought the largest and bloodiest pitched battle of the Second Seminole War at Lake Okeechobee. As he wrote from Fort Gardiner on the Kissimmee River, the army was preparing to extend its campaign even further inland.


The Frogmen In Florida: U.S. Navy Combat Demolition Training In Fort Pierce, 1943-1946, Robert A. Taylor Mar 2022

The Frogmen In Florida: U.S. Navy Combat Demolition Training In Fort Pierce, 1943-1946, Robert A. Taylor

Florida Historical Quarterly

One of the most serious challenges facing the Allies in World War II was the necessity of conducting amphibious landings against fortified enemy coasts. German and Japanese engineers shaped concrete, metal, and wood into a variety of fixed obstacles designed to damage or destroy landing craft and stop an invasion before it ever could really begin. By the end of 1942 American military planners were already pondering how to smash through such defenses so the European continent could be liberated from the Nazis. Soldiers, sailors, and civilian scientists sought a mechanical means of removing these sometimes ingenious traps. In the …


Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society Mar 2022

Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

SPANISH TREASURE. FLEETS, by Timothy R. Walton, reviewed by Eugene Lyon; FLORIDA IN POETRY A HISTORY OF THE IMAGINATION, edited by Jane Anderson Jones and Maurice J. O’Sullivan, reviewed by Kevin M. McCarthy; THE COLUMBIA RESTAURANT SPANISH COOKBOOK, by Adela Hernandez Gonzmart and Ferdie Pacheco, reviewed by Martin Favata; HISTORY OF BREVARD COUNTY, by Jerrell H. Shofner, reviewed by Gordon Patterson; A HISTORY OF ALTAMONTE SPRINGS, FLORIDA, by Jerrell H. Shofner, reviewed by William Warren Rogers; FLAGS ALONG THE COAST; CHARTING THE GULF OF MEXICO, 1519-1759: A REAPPRAISAL, by Jack Jackson, reviewed by William S. Coker; TIDECRAFT: THE BOATS OF …


Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society Mar 2022

Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

MIAMI BEACH: A HISTORY, by Howard Kleinberg, reviewed by Paul S. George; WILLIAM BARTRAM AND THE SOUTHEASTERN INDIANS, edited and annotated by Gregory A. Waselkov and Kathryn E. Holland Braund, reviewed by Paul Wehr; HAD I THE WINGS: THE FRIENDSHIP OF BACHMAN AND AUDUBON, by Jay Shuler, reviewed by Steven Valdespino; STEPPING OUT OF THE SHADOWS: ALABAMA WOMEN, 1919-1990, edited by Mary Martha Thomas, reviewed by Sarah P. Vickers; THE STRUGGLE FOR THE GEORGIA COAST: AN EIGHTEENTH CENTURY SPANISH RETROSPECTIVE ON GUALE AND MOCAMA, by John E. Worth, reviewed by Richard Durshlag; AFTER APPOMATTOX: How THE SOUTH WON THE WAR, …


Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society Mar 2022

Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

DADE’S LAST COMMAND, by Frank Laumer, reviewed by William M. Goza; BLOCKADERS, REFUGEES, & CONTRABANDS: CIVIL WAR ON FLORIDA’S GULF COAST, 1861-1865, by George E. Buker, reviewed by William Warren Rogers; REBEL STOREHOUSE: FLORIDA IN THE CONFEDERATE ECONOMY, by Robert A. Taylor, reviewed by Anthony Iacono; THE CONFEDERADOS: OLD SOUTH IMMIGRANTS IN BRAZIL, edited by Cyrus B. Dawsey and James M. Dawsey, reviewed by José B. Fernández; ESSAYS ON CUBAN HISTORY: HISTORIOGRAPHY AND RESEARCH, by Louis a Pérez, Jr., reviewed by Thomas M. Leonard; THE CHEROKEES AND CHRISTIANITY, 1794-1870, by William G. McLoughlin; edited by Walter H. Conser, Jr., reviewed …


Disfranchisement, Women's Suffrage And The Failure Of Florida's Grandfather Clause, Tracy E. Danese Mar 2022

Disfranchisement, Women's Suffrage And The Failure Of Florida's Grandfather Clause, Tracy E. Danese

Florida Historical Quarterly

Following the adoption of the Constitution of 1885, Florida joined its sister southern states in enacting a series of election laws aimed at disfranchising black voters. This statutory labyrinth, with the Democratic party’s white primary system as its centerpiece, had all but excluded the state’s African-American citizens from the political arena by 1913. Although virtually complete in its practical effects, that process legally operated only in the primary elections. African-American males remained technically eligible to vote in general elections if their poll taxes were paid. In the same period, women’s suffrage was intruding on the existing political structure from another …


Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society Mar 2022

Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

FLORIDA’S FIRST PEOPLE: 12,000 YEARS OF HUMAN HISTORY, by Robin C. Brown, reviewed by James G. Cusick; YBOR CITY CHRONICLES: A MEMOIR, by Ferdie Pacheco, reviewed by Leland Hawes; HARRIET BEECHER STOWE: A LIFE, by Joan D. Hedrick, reviewed by Sarah Whitmer Foster and John T. Foster, Jr.; CONTESTING CASTRO: THE UNITED STATES AND THE TRIUMPH OF THE CUBAN REVOLUTION, by Thomas G. Paterson, reviewed by Neill Macaulay; THE SOUTH AND THE NEW DEAL, by Roger Biles, reviewed by Michael V. Namorato; ALABAMA: THE HISTORY OF A DEEP SOUTH STATE, by William Warren Rogers, et al, reviewed by Lynn Willoughby; …


Claude Pepper And The Seeds Of His 1950 Defeat, 1944-1948, James C. Clark Mar 2022

Claude Pepper And The Seeds Of His 1950 Defeat, 1944-1948, James C. Clark

Florida Historical Quarterly

Claude Pepper’s defeat in the 1950 Florida Democratic Senatorial primary has long been seen as the result of a vicious campaign in which his opponents used underhanded methods to win. But while the 1950 campaign between Pepper and George Smathers was one of the nastiest in Florida history, the roots of Pepper’s loss can be traced to 1945, when he began to feud with President Harry Truman and began courting the political left. Those two activities so badly damaged his standing in Florida that he lost the large following which had sent him to the U.S. Senate in three previous …


Edward M. Wanton And The Settling Of Micanopy, Frank Marotti, Jr. Mar 2022

Edward M. Wanton And The Settling Of Micanopy, Frank Marotti, Jr.

Florida Historical Quarterly

During the Second Spanish Period (1784-1821) and its early years as a United States territory, East Florida was rocked by violence, lawlessness, and uncertainty. Under Spain’s weak, distracted rule, the province served as a haven for Indians, runaway slaves, and white adventurers seeking to profit from Madrid’s crumbling imperial fortunes. Moreover, a young, ambitious United States coveted the region, both to bolster its national security and to provide new lands for its burgeoning citizenry. When the American regime finally established itself, however, it soon faced armed resistance from Seminole warriors.


Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society Mar 2022

Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

THE FLORIDA NEGRO: A FEDERAL WRITERS’ PROJECT LEGACY, edited by Gary W. McDonogh, reviewed by Robert L. Hall; CITY ON THE EDGE: THE TRANSFORMATION OF MIAMI, by Alejandro Portes and Alex Stepick; THE EXILE: CUBA IN THE HEART OF MIAMI, by David Rieff, reviewed by Paul S. George; UNCOMMON GROUND: ARCHAEOLOGY AND EARLY AFRICAN AMERICA, 1650-1800, by Leland Ferguson, reviewed by Jane Landers; EARLY POTTERY IN THE SOUTHEAST: TRADITION AND INNOVATION IN COOKING TECHNOLOGY, by Kenneth E. Sassaman, reviewed by Ann S. Cordell; HISPANIC PRESENCE IN THE UNITED STATES: HISTORICAL BEGINNINGS, edited by Frank de Varona, reviewed by Light Townsend …


Aid Societies Were Not Alike: Northern Teachers In Post-Civil War Florida, John T. Foster, Jr. Mar 2022

Aid Societies Were Not Alike: Northern Teachers In Post-Civil War Florida, John T. Foster, Jr.

Florida Historical Quarterly

Northern teachers in the South during the Civil War and Reconstruction have been the subject of various studies.1 This literature emphasizes the origins and development of the aid societies that sponsored the teachers, and it focuses upon major figures who shaped educational policy. At the same time, little attention details the activities of early northern teachers in Florida within the context of developments in other places. Florida’s experience varies from other parts of the South, and it offers, by contrast, a fresh perspective on the regional experience. Ansel Eddy Kinne’s career provides an opportunity for understanding aid societies. From early …


Race Relations In Territorial Florida, 1821-1845, Canter Brown, Jr. Mar 2022

Race Relations In Territorial Florida, 1821-1845, Canter Brown, Jr.

Florida Historical Quarterly

Race relations evolved in complicated and often confused ways in antebellum Florida, as did patterns of racial interaction in other parts of the South. Nonetheless, many students of the subject have written as if the institutions, patterns, and practices prevalent in the 1850s were typical of the region’s experience over the entire prewar period. In doing so, they have failed to account fully for regional variations and for changes over time.


History News, Florida Historical Society Mar 2022

History News, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

Annual Meeting, Awards and Honors, News, Meetings, Grants


"Hell-By-The-Sea": Florida's Camp Gordon Johnston In World War Ii, David J. Coles Mar 2022

"Hell-By-The-Sea": Florida's Camp Gordon Johnston In World War Ii, David J. Coles

Florida Historical Quarterly

World War II was a profoundly transforming experience in the development of the South and the state of Florida. As historian George Tindall has noted of the region, “To a greater degree than the previous war it put people on the move: to shipyards, war plants, training camps, and far-flung battlefields.” Military facilities costing more than four billion dollars came into being throughout the South, and Florida shared fully in this expansion. The war also brought increased prosperity to both rural and urban areas and hastened the demands of black residents for greater political and economic opportunities.


Carpetbagger Intrigues, Black Leadership, And A Southern Loyalist Triumph: Florida's Gubernatorial Election Of 1872, Canter Brown, Jr. Mar 2022

Carpetbagger Intrigues, Black Leadership, And A Southern Loyalist Triumph: Florida's Gubernatorial Election Of 1872, Canter Brown, Jr.

Florida Historical Quarterly

Carpetbagger reputations suffered greatly for most of the century following the end of Reconstruction. Within the past few decades, however, historians have reexamined the careers of many of these individuals and discovered that they made more positive contributions to southern life than previously thought.1 On the regional level this trend was exemplified by the 1988 publication of Richard N. Current’s Those Terrible Carpetbaggers: A Reinterpretation. In Florida, revisionist study was launched in the 1960s and 1970s when Joe M. Richardson and Jerrell H. Shofner offered new and comprehensive treatments of the period.2 Sarah Whitmer Foster and John T. Foster, Jr., …


Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society Mar 2022

Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

FLORIDA: A SHORT HISTORY, by Michael Gannon, reviewed by Paul S. George; ATLAS OF FLORIDA, edited by Edward A. Fernald and Elizabeth Purdum, reviewed by John R. Dunkle; HERNANDO DE SOTO AND THE INDIANS OF FLORIDA, by Jerald T. Milanich and Charles Hudson, reviewed by Ignacio Avellaneda; MISSIONS TO THE CALUSA, edited and translated by John H. Hann, reviewed by Robert A. Matter; CULTURE AND ENVIRONMENT IN THE DOMAIN OF THE CALUSA, edited by William H. Marquardt, reviewed by Brent R. Weisman; COLUMBUS WAS LAST: FROM 200,000 B.C. TO 1492, A HERETICAL HISTORY OF WHO WAS FIRST, by Patrick Huyghe, …


Southern Extremities: The Significance Of Fort Myers In The Civil War, Irvin D. Solomon Mar 2022

Southern Extremities: The Significance Of Fort Myers In The Civil War, Irvin D. Solomon

Florida Historical Quarterly

Although critical to American military operations in the Third Seminole War, Fort Myers would have probably faded into history after its abandonment in 1858 if not for the Civil War. Towards the end of that bloody conflict the post took on a new significance for both sides. Not only did the Union reactivate the fort in the very midst of a presumed Confederate stronghold, but it staffed the garrison with black troops— the ultimate insult to those Southerners who stubbornly remained true to the Stars and Bars. Consequently, the recommissioning of Fort Myers resulted in the largest military action of …


William Tecumseh Sherman's Introduction To War, 1840-1842: Lesson For Action, Jane F. Lancaster Mar 2022

William Tecumseh Sherman's Introduction To War, 1840-1842: Lesson For Action, Jane F. Lancaster

Florida Historical Quarterly

William Tecumseh Sherman graduated from the United States Military Academy at West Point on July 1, 1840, while the United States Army was fighting the Second Seminole War. About three months later this young second lieutenant, an Ohio native, received his first assignment as an officer, and joined the Third Artillery in Florida. Sherman spent the next seventeen months serving at three posts— Fort Pierce, Fort Lauderdale, and Picolata— from which he scouted swamps to find elusive Indians, led an expedition to bring in Coacoochee (Wild Cat)— one of the most colorful Seminole leaders— and commanded a supply depot. By …


Title Page, Florida Historical Society Mar 2022

Title Page, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

Title page for Volume 72, Number 1. Includes the Table of Contents


Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society Mar 2022

Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

AMERICA’S ANCIENT CITY, SPANISH ST. AUGUSTINE, 1565-1763, edited with an introduction by Kathleen A. Deagan, reviewed by Susan R. Parker; JACKSONVILLE: RIVERPORT-SEAPORT, by George E. Buker, reviewed by James B. Crooks; SEMINOLE ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL SURVEY, PHASE I: NORTHERN BIG CYPRESS, by Robert Carr and Patsy West, reviewed by John W. Griffin; SHIPWRECK AND ADVENTURES OF MONSIEUR PIERRE VIAUD, translated and edited by Robin F. A. Fabel, reviewed by Light Townsend Cummins; INSEPARABLE LOYALTY: A BIOGRAPHY OF WILLIAM BULL, by Geraldine M. Meroney, reviewed by Phinizy Spalding; THE PAPERS OF HENRY LAURENS, VOLUME ELEVEN: JANUARY 5, 1776-NOVEMBER 1, 1777, edited …


William Bartram's Travels In The Indian Nations, Charlotte M. Porter Mar 2022

William Bartram's Travels In The Indian Nations, Charlotte M. Porter

Florida Historical Quarterly

In 1773, the famous American naturalist William Bartram returned to the southeast portion of what is now the United States. The region was a more dangerous place than he realized. American “patriots” from Georgia were making troublesome border raids into East Florida. Many of the English plantations were owned in absentia, and the lives of the resident managers were, as Bartram knew from personal experience, isolated. Indian groups far outnumbered white residents in the Floridas, and they were becoming increasingly hostile. With an estimated 4,500 warriors, the Lower Creeks seriously impeded any colonial presence in the East Florida interior. In …


Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society Mar 2022

Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

Pearl City, Florida: A Black Community Remembers, by Arthur S. Evans and David Lee, reviewed by Daniel T. Hobby; The Conquest of Paradise: Christopher Columbus and the Columbian Legacy, by Kirkpatrick Sale, reviewed by Michael Gannon; The Oligarchs in Colonial and Revolutionary Charleston: Lieutenant Governor William Bull and His Family, by Kinlock Bull, Jr., reviewed by Don Higginbotham; The Final Campaign of the American Revolution: Rise and Fall of the Spanish Bahamas, by James A. Lewis, reviewed by Robert R. Rea; Letters of Delegates to Congress, 1774-1789: Volume 17, March 1 - August 31, 1781, edited by Paul H. Smith, …


Florida's Confederate Guerrillas: John W. Pearson And The Oklawaha Rangers, Zack C. Waters Mar 2022

Florida's Confederate Guerrillas: John W. Pearson And The Oklawaha Rangers, Zack C. Waters

Florida Historical Quarterly

Secession and the approach of hostilities in 1861 found Florida unprepared for civil war. The state’s militia had disintegrated at the end of the Third Seminole War in 1858, and the attempts of Governor Madison Starke Perry to remedy its disorganized condition proved ineffectual. Perry warned Floridians that the political situation called for military preparedness, but his pleas led to little improvement. An 1859 report indicated that the state possessed only one battery of light artillery and fewer than 1,000 muskets and rifles, including more than 250 antiquated flint and steel muskets.


A Forgotten Sacrifice: Richard Gentry, Missouri Volunteers, And The Battle Of Okeechobee, Phillip Thomas Tucker Mar 2022

A Forgotten Sacrifice: Richard Gentry, Missouri Volunteers, And The Battle Of Okeechobee, Phillip Thomas Tucker

Florida Historical Quarterly

The Christmas Day 1837 battle at Lake Okeechobee was a crucial turning point of the Second Seminole War. Almost 30 percent of the American casualties in that engagement were volunteers from Missouri, forty men out of an effective volunteer force of 132. Among the dead was the volunteers’ commanding officer, Colonel Richard Gentry. While the battle’s American commander, Colonel Zachary Taylor, claimed a great victory, the clash was a disaster for the Missourians and, at that, was only the last in a series of difficult trials faced by the luckless regiment.


Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society Mar 2022

Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

FLORIDA Cow HUNTER: THE LIFE AND TIMES OF BONE MIZELL, by Jim Bob Tinsley, reviewed by Kyle S. VanLandingham; COLUMBIAN CONSEQUENCES, VOLUME 2: ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES ON THE SPANISH BORDERLANDS EAST, edited by David Hurst Thomas, reviewed by Paul E. Hoffman; INDIAN-RELIGIOUS RELATIONS IN COLONIAL SPANISH AMERICA, edited by Susan E. Ramirez, reviewed by Rebecca Saunders; LETTERS OF DELEGATES TO CONGRESS, 1774-1789, VOLUME 16: SEPTEMBER 1, 1780-FEBRUARY 28, 1781, edited by Paul H. Smith, reviewed by Robert M. Calhoon; FRONTIERS IN CONFLICT: THE OLD SOUTHWEST, 1795-1830, by Thomas D. Clark and John D. W. Guice, reviewed by Gilbert C. …


Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society Mar 2022

Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

OPERATION DRUMBEAT: THE DRAMATIC TRUE STORY OF GERMANY'S FIRST U-BOAT ATTACKS ALONG THE AMERICAN COAST IN WORLD WAR II, by Michael Gannon, reviewed by George E. Buker; CONFEDERATE FLORIDA: THE ROAD TO OLUSTEE, by William H. Nulty, reviewed by Richard M. McMurry; FIRST ENCOUNTERS: SPANISH EXPLORATIONS IN THE CARIBBEAN AND THE UNITED STATES, 1492-1570, edited by Jerald T. Milanich and Susan Milbrath, reviewed by Amy T. Bushnell; HEARTH AND KNAPSACK: THE LADLEY LETTERS, 1857-1880, edited by Carl M. Becker and Ritchie Thomas, reviewed by Zack C. Waters; THE KING'S RANGER: THOMAS BROWN AND THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION ON THE SOUTHERN FRONTIER, …


Across The Border: Commodity Flow And Merchants In Spanish St. Augustine, James Cusick Mar 2022

Across The Border: Commodity Flow And Merchants In Spanish St. Augustine, James Cusick

Florida Historical Quarterly

Spanish Governor Zéspedes, writing in 1788 to a superior about his impressions of East Florida, decried the colony’s reliance on Havana as its sole source of supply. The majority of the colonists were far too impoverished, he wrote, to afford the high prices of goods shipped via Cuba. He continued: “[T]hat a poor immigrant at the end of one year, when he has made his first crop, or a Minorcan with a wife and four or five children who does not earn half a peso fuerte a day, should have to provide his family with goods bought from that place …