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Henry S. Harmon: Pioneer African American Attorney In Reconstruction-Era Florida, Darius J. Young
Henry S. Harmon: Pioneer African American Attorney In Reconstruction-Era Florida, Darius J. Young
Florida Historical Quarterly
The civil rights movement of the mid-twentieth century highlighted the key role played by African American attorneys in events of critical importance, but the actions and impact of black lawyers during and immediately following the Reconstruction era have received considerably less attention. As recently as 2000, the Florida Bar Journal asserted that "African-Americans ha[ve] been lawyers since the late 1890s, when the multi-talented James Weldon Johnson passed an open exam conducted by three lawyers in a crowded Jacksonville courtroom." As it happens, the Bar Journal erred by a generation in its assertion; black attorneys had practiced law since 1869 when …
The Ruthless Hand Of War: Andrew A. Humphreys In The Second Seminole War, Matthew T. Pearcy
The Ruthless Hand Of War: Andrew A. Humphreys In The Second Seminole War, Matthew T. Pearcy
Florida Historical Quarterly
In late February 1836, 2d Lt. Andrew A. Humphreys (1810-1883) reported for duty at Fort Drane in the remote interior of the Florida peninsula. Green and untried, the young West Pointer chronicled his first experiences at war in a leather bound journal tucked away among his personal possessions. "I delight in extremes," he wrote in its opening pages, "and certainly my profession leads to them - from the center of civilization to the wildest forests, I am transferred in a few days. In January luxuriating in the delights of our capital, in February suffering from hunger, thirst and fatigue in …
Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society
Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society
Florida Historical Quarterly
Berry, My Face is Black is True: Callie House and the Struggle for Ex-Slave Reparations, by David H. Jackson, Jr.; Thursby, Funeral Festivals in America: Rituals for the Living, by Craig Thompson Friend; Rymph, Republican Women: Feminism and Conservatism from Suffrage through the Rise of the New Right, by Michael Bowen; Leuchtenburg, Ihe White House Looks South: Franklin D. Roosevelt, Harry S. Tmman, Lyndon B. Johnson, by Richard V. Damms; Vandiver, Lethal Punishment: Lynchings and Legal Executions in the South, by Robert Cassanello; Mohl, South of the South, Jewish Activists and the Civil Rights Movement in Miami, 1945-1960, by Sarah …
I Was One Of The First To See Daylight: Black Women At Predominantly White Colleges And Universities In Florida Since 1959, Stephanie Y. Evans
I Was One Of The First To See Daylight: Black Women At Predominantly White Colleges And Universities In Florida Since 1959, Stephanie Y. Evans
Florida Historical Quarterly
Kitty Oliver, a celebrated journalist, nonfiction writer, and oral historian, entered the University of Florida in 1965. She was one of only 35 African American students of 18,000 enrolled and one of only 5 black freshmen to integrate campus housing. Her story, told in Multicolored Memories of a Black Southern Girl (2001), is intriguing for its portrayal of the first-wave of black students who integrated the predominantly white institutions in the Florida State University System. Oliver, from Jacksonville, traced her mother's roots to the South Carolina Gullah people. She was an only child and the first in her family to …
A Monument To The Progress Of The Race: The Intellectual And Political Origins Of The Florida Agricultural And Mechanical University, 1865-1887, Larry Eugene Rivers
A Monument To The Progress Of The Race: The Intellectual And Political Origins Of The Florida Agricultural And Mechanical University, 1865-1887, Larry Eugene Rivers
Florida Historical Quarterly
The Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University entered the twenty-first Century as the nation's largest historically black college or university and, in doing so, it continued to fulfill its principal historical mission by producing more minority educators-to-be than any other institution in the United States. These face may catch many Floridians unaware; yet the context within which FAMU managed to accomplish its teacher education mission, having virtually disappeared from our collective consciousness, may offer even greater surprises. The tale involves threads of history drawn from abolitionist professors at Oberlin College; military schools at Hampton, Virginia: the farsighted vision of Florida's only …
More Courage Than Discretion: Charles M. Hamilton In Reconstruction-Era Florida, Daniel R. Weinfeld
More Courage Than Discretion: Charles M. Hamilton In Reconstruction-Era Florida, Daniel R. Weinfeld
Florida Historical Quarterly
At the close of the Civil War, Union army officers arrived in Florida to serve as agents of the Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands (the "Bureau"). In addition to their official Bureau duties, the agents, often the sole representatives of the Federal government in their assigned districts, acted as protectors of the newly freed slaves against a recalcitrant white population that refused to accept the blacks' liberated status. As Congress implemented its Reconstruction plan, the agents helped organize the Republican Party in Florida in anticipation of readmission and encouraged the freedmen to become loyal Republican voters. The Bureau …
Florida Room: Battle For St. Augustine 1964: Public Record And Personal Recollection, Claudia S. Slate
Florida Room: Battle For St. Augustine 1964: Public Record And Personal Recollection, Claudia S. Slate
Florida Historical Quarterly
To the casual observer-the tourist-St. Augustine of the 1960s seemed more like a tropical paradise than a racial battleground. This unique city of 15,000, the first permanent settlement in the United States, prided itself on its quaint streets, historic buildings, and pristine Atlantic Ocean beaches. Not surprisingly, it depended on tourists for much of its economy. Black buggy drivers chauffeured tourists through the downtown, past the Old Slave Market where blacks and whites congregated on benches to chat. Although most outsiders would not have considered Florida part of the Deep South, paradoxically, beneath St. Augustine's facade hid "the vilest kind …
Raising Her Voice: Ruth Perry, Activist And Journalist For The Miami Naacp, Judith G. Poucher
Raising Her Voice: Ruth Perry, Activist And Journalist For The Miami Naacp, Judith G. Poucher
Florida Historical Quarterly
Ruth Willis Perry sat rigidly in the witness box, clutching her purse and facing the television cameras. Her strained expression reflected not only the tension of a possible jail sentence but also the escalating effects of three years of threats against her life, her reputation, and her career. A few feet away, her would-be assassins smirked and jostled one another. It was February 25, 1957, and Miami's White Citizens' Council had occupied the front rows of the courtroom since early morning. They were ready for a showdown, but so were Ruth Perry and the National Association for the Advancement of …
Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society
Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society
Florida Historical Quarterly
Fogelson, The Handbook of North American Indians. Volume 14, Southeast. Swanson, Documentation of the Indians of the Florida Keys & Miami, 1514-1765, by Andrew Frank; Hall, Slavery and African Ethnicities in the Americas: Restoring the Links, by Matt Clavin; Coclanis, ed., The Atlantic Economy during the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries: Organization, Operation, Practice, and Personnel, by Carl Keyes; Dibble, Joseph Mills White: Anti-Jacksonian Floridian, by James Cusick; Bennett, Union Jacks: Yankee Sailors in the Civil War by Susannah U. Bruce; O'Brien, Henry Adam and the Southern Question, by Paul Escott; Turner and Bramson, The Plant System of Rail Roads, Steamships, …
A Splendid Idea In China Turned Sour In Florida: The Rise And Fall Of The Florida Splendid China, Wenxian Zhang
A Splendid Idea In China Turned Sour In Florida: The Rise And Fall Of The Florida Splendid China, Wenxian Zhang
Florida Historical Quarterly
Although Florida had been promoted as a tropical paradise to people with health concerns since the granting of statehood in 1845, the Sunshine State did not become a top vacation destination for thrill-seeking Americans until Disney World opened its doors in the early 1970s. Disney's appearance spawned several other major theme parks, including Sea World and Universal Studios, and some smaller attractions such as Wet and Wild. Florida Splendid China joined the ranks of Central Florida's regional theme parks in 1993. A high profile project, it represented one of the first and largest joint investment ventures between the United States …
Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society
Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society
Florida Historical Quarterly
Oatis, A Colonial Complex: South Carolina's Frontier in the Era of the Yamusee War, 1680-1730, by Timothy P. Grady; Sweet, Negotiating for Georgia: British-Creek Relations in the Trustee Era, 1733-1752, by Dan Murphee; Hawkins, Jose de Bustamante and Central American Independence: Colonial Administration in an Age of Imperial Crisis, by Dennis Halpin; Wells, Origins of the Southern Middle Class, 1800-1861, by Anthony Carey; McDonough, Nashville: The Western Confederacy's Final Gamble, by Kevin N. Levin; Revels, Grander in Her Daughters: Florida's Women During the Civil War; Weatherford, Real Women of Tampa and Hillborough County From Prehistory to the Millennium, by Robert …
Review Essay: Clever Men And Cool Brains: Rethinking The Mind Of The Old South, John Mayfield
Review Essay: Clever Men And Cool Brains: Rethinking The Mind Of The Old South, John Mayfield
Florida Historical Quarterly
The Southerner," wrote Frederick Law Olmsted in 1854, "is greatly wanting in hospitality of mind, closing his doors to all opinions and schemes to which he has been bred a stranger, with a contempt and bigotry which sometimes seems incompatible with his character as a gentleman. He has a large but unexpansive mind." Harsh words, but they stuck. For decades after the Civil War, Northern observers such as Henry Adams and Southern grouches such as Wilbur J. Cash echoed Olmsted to one degree or another. Southerners had 'temperament," not "mind," the argument went, and if they thought at all it …
A New Deal For Welfare: Governor Fred Cone And The Florida State Welfare Board, David Nelson
A New Deal For Welfare: Governor Fred Cone And The Florida State Welfare Board, David Nelson
Florida Historical Quarterly
In May 1937, Florida suffered from the crippling effects of the Great Depression. The governor's oflice received letters daily from out-of-work laborers, single mothers, starving children, and elderly dependants pleading for assistance and state action. Yet, Florida's government rested upon a shallow tax base making the state's ten-year old welfare system almost entirely dependent upon federal aid. Only two years earlier, the federal government had demanded that the state re-vamp its State Board of Public Welfare, requiring an increased state financial commitment, stiffer welfare laws, and higher qualifications for welfare employees before millions of federal dollars would pour into the …
Commentaries, Florida Historical Society
Commentaries, Florida Historical Society
Florida Historical Quarterly
Commentaries by Jack E. Davis, with Thomas Castillo, Jay Clune, James M. Denham, Russell D. James, Alex Lichtenstein, Dave Nelson, Joshua Parker, and Lee L. Willis III
Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society
Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society
Florida Historical Quarterly
Piker, Okfuskee: A Creek Town in Colonial America, by Michael D. Green; Hahn, The Invention of the Creek Nation, 1670-1763, by James Taylor Carson; Morris, Florida's Lost Tribes, by Francis X. Luca; Armitage and Braddick, eds., The British Atlantic World, 1500-1800, by Jonathan Eacott; Hyde, ed., A Fierce and Fractious Frontier: The Curious Development of Louisiana's Florida Parishes, 1699-2000, by Timothy R. Buckner; Meltzer, Hunted Like a Wolf: The Story of the Seminole War, by Samuel Watson; Billingsley, Communities of Kinship: Antebellum Families and the Settlement of the Cotton Frontier, by Daniel Kilbride; Pace, Halls of Honor: College Men in …
The Sporting Set Winters In Florida: Fertile Ground For The Leisure Revolution, 1870-1930, Larry R. Youngs
The Sporting Set Winters In Florida: Fertile Ground For The Leisure Revolution, 1870-1930, Larry R. Youngs
Florida Historical Quarterly
Maurice Fatio made his first visit to Palm Beach, Florida, at the height of the social season in February 1923. The young Swiss architect planned on trolling for business among the resort's elite guests, hoping to supplement his New York City firm's clientele. The pace and nature of the Palm Beach scene, however, caught him by surprise. In a letter to his parents written on the fourth day of his visit, he exclaimed, "I have never led a more intense life." Describing a typical day, he explained that "one gets up at 10 o'clock to play tennis; at noon one …
Coming North To The South: Migration, Labor And City-Building In Twentieth-Century Miami, Melanie Shell-Weiss
Coming North To The South: Migration, Labor And City-Building In Twentieth-Century Miami, Melanie Shell-Weiss
Florida Historical Quarterly
Over the past decade, scholars have worked to develop a rich array of transnational and global theories to better explain the cultural, social, and demographic processes that take place within nations, and which transcend them. As Shelley Fisher Fishkin reminded us in her presidential address to the annual meeting of the American Studies Association last year, "As the transnational becomes more central . . . we are likely to focus not only on the proverbial immigrant who leaves somewhere called 'home' to make a new home in the United States, but also on the endless process of comings and goings …
The Epic Of Greater Florida: Florida's Global Past, Robert Cassanello
The Epic Of Greater Florida: Florida's Global Past, Robert Cassanello
Florida Historical Quarterly
At the 1932 American Historical Association meeting in Toronto, Canada, Herbert E. Bolton gave a prophetic yet largely ignored address titled, "The Epic of Greater America." In his speech, the AHA president pondered why there was no major American history publication that placed the United States' past within the context of the Western Hemisphere. Bolton emphasized his point by exploiting the Eurocentric focus of the profession at the time, noting that "European history cannot be learned from books dealing alone with England, or France, or Germany, or Italy, or Russia." He went on to say that historians should not confine …
Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society
Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society
Florida Historical Quarterly
Power, Early Art of the Southeastern Indians: Feathered Serpents and Winged Beings, by Christina Snyder; Burnard, Mastery, Tyranny, and Desire: Thomas Thistlewood and His Slaves in the Anglo-Jamaican World, by Colleen A. Vasconcello; Missall and Missall, The Seminole Wars: America's Longest Indian Conflict, by Samuel Watson; Dubois, Avengers of the New World: The Story of the Haitian Revolution, by John K. Thornton; Stockel, On the Bloody Road to Jesus: Christianity and the Chiricahua Apaches, by Rodney R. Alvarez; Lakwete, Inventing the Cotton Gin: Machine and Myth in Antebellum America, by Patrick W. O'Neil; Nelson, Reign of Iron: Story of the …
Hurricanes And The Shaping Of Circum-Caribbean Societies, Stuart B. Schwartz
Hurricanes And The Shaping Of Circum-Caribbean Societies, Stuart B. Schwartz
Florida Historical Quarterly
Every Puerto Rican knows this plena and can sing its chorus, and on that island where, from July to October, everyone frequently checks the weather reports and looks to the sky, the song seems to describe a generic situation, a way of life, and a common reality. Few people today remember that the song was originally composed to commemorate a particular storm-the great hurricane of San Felipe that diagonally traversed Puerto Rico on September 13, 1928. Hurricanes are no novelty to the islanders, but the fury of that one was memorable. No one who lived through it forgot it. Don …
Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society
Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society
Florida Historical Quarterly
Bense, ed. Presidio Santa Maria de Galve: A Struggle for Survival in Colonial Spanish Pensacola, by Rochelle A. Marrinan; Hoffman, Florida's Frontiers, by Andrew K Frank; Calloway, One Vast Winter Count: The Native American West before Lewis and Clark, by William R. Swagerty; Sklansky, The Soul's Economy: Market Society and Selfhood in American Thought, 1820-1920, by Mary O Furner; Johnston, Cherokee Women in Crisis: Trail of Tears, Civil War and Allotment, 1839-1907, by Rose Stremlau; Harvey and O'Brien, eds. George Washington's South, by Jennifer Stertzer; Scarbourgh, Masters of the Big House: Elite Slaveholders of the Mid-Nineteenth-century South, by Aaron Sheehan-Davis; …
Voice Of The Exploited Majority: Claude Kirk And The 1970 Manatee County Forced Busing Incident, Benjamin Houston
Voice Of The Exploited Majority: Claude Kirk And The 1970 Manatee County Forced Busing Incident, Benjamin Houston
Florida Historical Quarterly
At 7:35 a.m. on Monday, April 6, 1970, Governor Claude R. Kirk Jr. strode into an unfamiliar office in Bradenton, a small Gulf Coast town sandwiched between St. Petersburg and Sarasota. The new quarters belonged to the Manatee County superintendent of schools, and the previous occupant, fired by Kirk, was now replaced by the governor himself. Kirk's self-promotion was prompted by Manatee's capitulation to a federal court order mandating immediate busing of schoolchildren with only nine weeks remaining in the academic term. Yet, the governor's conduct also marked a new level of commitment for a county associated since 1954 with …
Did Slaves Have Free Will? Luke, A Slave, V. Florida And Crime At The Command Of The Master, Craig Buettinger
Did Slaves Have Free Will? Luke, A Slave, V. Florida And Crime At The Command Of The Master, Craig Buettinger
Florida Historical Quarterly
The mules had been shot. When the mules, regularly left to forage for themselves amid the Florida scrub, did not wander back to the Hernandez plantation, Adam, the driver charged with their care, went to look for them. He found the animals dead and dying along the road that connected the Hernandez and Dupont plantations, south of St. Augustine. A trail of blood led to Dupont's.
The Catholic Church, Martin Luther King Jr., And The March In St. Augustine, Charles R. Gallagher
The Catholic Church, Martin Luther King Jr., And The March In St. Augustine, Charles R. Gallagher
Florida Historical Quarterly
In 1963 and 1964, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference selected St. Augustine, Florida, as a target city for a new round of civil rights protests. It marked the first major SCLC campaign since the Freedom Rides and Birmingham demonstrations of 1961. In St. Augustine, local chapters of the National Association of Colored People and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference labored to enlist local Roman Catholics in the cause for civil rights, hoping that a cooperative relationship might help desegregate local businesses, civil service agencies, and restaurants. As demonstrations in St. Augustine developed, however, King's …
Senator Claude D. Pepper: Advocate Of Aid To The Allies, 193901941, Joan E. Denman
Senator Claude D. Pepper: Advocate Of Aid To The Allies, 193901941, Joan E. Denman
Florida Historical Quarterly
As a junior United States Senator from Florida during 1939-1941, Claude Denson Pepper was one of the most vocal advocates of conscription and aid to France and Britain. Having seen Adolph Hitler's influence and popularity firsthand in 1938, he realized the threat that Nazi Germany presented to the European continent, Great Britain, and possibly the United States. Throughout 1939 and 1940, he spoke of the need for preparedness and became increasingly outspoken as the conflict in Europe intensified. With the help of presidential advisor Benjamin V. Cohen, he drafted two Senate bills for aid to the Allies in May 1940. …
Economic Boom Or Political Boondoggle? Florida's Atlantic Gulf Ship Canal In The 1930s, Michael David Tegeder
Economic Boom Or Political Boondoggle? Florida's Atlantic Gulf Ship Canal In The 1930s, Michael David Tegeder
Florida Historical Quarterly
In the 1930s, the federal government began construction on one of the grandest public works projects in Florida. More than twice the length of the Suez and four times larger than the Panama Canal, the Atlantic Gulf Ship Canal was "perhaps the most opulent single symbol of the New Deal."1 Yet, despite the labor and massive expenditures on the part of state and federal officials, the project ended within a year of its groundbreaking. Plagued by political controversy from start to finish, the Ship Canal can be seen as a dress-rehearsal for the decades-long debate over the Cross-Florida Barge Canal …
Volume Index, Florida Historical Society
Volume Index, Florida Historical Society
Florida Historical Quarterly
Index to Volume 82
Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society
Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society
Florida Historical Quarterly
Greene et al. eds., Money, Trade, and Power: The Evolution of South Carolina's Plantation Society, by Randall Miller; Early American Indian Documents: Treaties and Laws, 1607-1789, Volume XII: Georgia and Florida Treaties, 1763-1776, by Greg O'Brien; Gordon, South Carolina and the American Revolution: A Battlefield History, by Greg Massey; O'Brien, Choctaws in a Revolutionary Age, 1750-1830, by Joel Martin; Engs and Miller, eds., The Birth of the Grand Old Party: The Republicans' First Generation, by Stephen D. Engle; Gallagher, ed., The Shenandoah Valley Campaign of 1862, by Chris Meyers; Baggett, The Scalawags: Southern Dissenters in the Civil War and Reconstruction, …
Secession Sanctified: Bishop Francis Huger Rutledge And The Coming Of The Civil War In Florida, Lee L. Willis, Iii
Secession Sanctified: Bishop Francis Huger Rutledge And The Coming Of The Civil War In Florida, Lee L. Willis, Iii
Florida Historical Quarterly
Standing before the congregation of Tallahassee's St. John's Episcopal Church in May 1865, Bishop Francis Huger Rutledge personified the collapse of the Confederacy. Visibly weak "with trembling hands and unsteady voice," the prelate opened the Eucharist with prayer. Temporarily forgetting orders handed down from the Union forces occupying Florida's capital, Rutledge included a blessing for the President of the Confederate States of America in his benediction. Realizing his error, he bowed his head and repeated the last lines of his invocation, this time uttering "United States of America" instead. Having been at the forefront of Florida's secession movement four years …
Miami's Hidden Labor History, Thomas A. Castillo
Miami's Hidden Labor History, Thomas A. Castillo
Florida Historical Quarterly
As historian Michael Kazin argued in highlighting the scarcity of historical studies about the building trades, labor historians' concentration on centralized, mass production industries such as auto, steel, and electrical manufacturing has left out "one of humankind's oldest pursuits . . . essential to urban life and the single largest element of the AFL in its heyday. Until we know more about their history," he wrote, "that of American workers as a whole will suffer." The observation partially explains why, although literature on organized labor is vast, scholars have conducted few studies of unionism in the building trades, and none …