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A Novel Antibody-Dependent Mc-Lr Detecting Biosensor For Early Warning Of Harmful Algal Blooms (Habs), Stephanie Stoll Jan 2022

A Novel Antibody-Dependent Mc-Lr Detecting Biosensor For Early Warning Of Harmful Algal Blooms (Habs), Stephanie Stoll

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023

Microcystins (MCs) are toxins produced by cyanobacteria commonly found in harmful algal blooms (HAB) occurring in many surface waters. Due to their toxicity to humans and other organisms, the World Health Organization (WHO) set a guideline of 1 µg/L for microcystin-leucine-arginine (MC-LR) in drinking water. However, current analytical techniques for the detection of MC-LR such as liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) are costly, bulky, time-consuming, and mostly conducted in a laboratory, requiring highly trained personnel. Therefore, an analytical method that can be used in the field for rapid determination is essential. In this study, an Anti-MC-LR/MC-LR/Cysteamine …

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The Use Of Stable Carbon And Nitrogen Isotope Analyses To Examine Diet, Life Course, And Social Identities Among The Meroitic Elite Of Sai Island, Sudan, Rachel Lotze Jan 2022

The Use Of Stable Carbon And Nitrogen Isotope Analyses To Examine Diet, Life Course, And Social Identities Among The Meroitic Elite Of Sai Island, Sudan, Rachel Lotze

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023

The focus of this thesis is to learn more about the diets and lives of Nubian individuals who lived on Sai Island during the Meroitic period (250 BC to AD 250) using an approach based in life history, gender, and social identity theory. These individuals were in buried the cemetery 8-B-52.B and they were part of the elite social class. Dietary analysis was conducted by analyzing the stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes from bulk samples of human bone collagen. A total of 34 bone samples were analyzed, and 31 of those samples were determined to be well-preserved. These data were …

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Analyzing Cut Mark Characteristics On Bone From Chopping/Hacking Tools: Implications For Forensic Analysis, Kelly Mcgehee Jan 2022

Analyzing Cut Mark Characteristics On Bone From Chopping/Hacking Tools: Implications For Forensic Analysis, Kelly Mcgehee

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023

Sharp force trauma (SFT) is a mechanism of traumatic injury in which a tool with a pointed or slanted edge impacts the skin and/or bone, producing a penetrating cut mark. Current assessment of forensic and bioarchaeological contexts typically focuses on evaluating and interpreting traumatic injuries to bone due to cutting and stabbing using small, bladed tools, primarily knives and saws. Minimal research focuses on the damage inflicted by a larger class of chopping/hacking tools. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to experimentally evaluate and analyze macroscopic characteristics of chopping/hacking trauma inflicted on pig bones (Sus scrofa domesticus) to determine …

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Influence Of Nonlinear Multiaxial Matrix Viscoelasticity On Piezoresistivity Of Carbon Nanotube Polymer Composites, Wolfgang Klimm Jan 2022

Influence Of Nonlinear Multiaxial Matrix Viscoelasticity On Piezoresistivity Of Carbon Nanotube Polymer Composites, Wolfgang Klimm

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023

Nanocomposites are prominent candidates to extend the capabilities in areas of established fiber reinforced composites. Carbon nanotubes (CNT) with their outstanding mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties are of particular interest. Especially polymers profit from the addition of CNTs, and can be rendered significantly stiffer, stronger, and even electrically conductive. The resulting electrical conductance is deformation-sensitive, known as piezoresistivity, and is utilized in strain sensing applications. However, the polymer matrix introduces time- and temperature-dependency into the mechanical behavior, known as viscoelasticity, and thus affects the relationship between deformation and electrical conductivity over time. Although piezoresistivity and polymer viscoelasticity have been studied …

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Deciphering The Role And Clinical Application Of The Fgfr4-Klb-Fgf19 Axis In Colorectal Neoplastic Progression, Michael Rohr Jan 2022

Deciphering The Role And Clinical Application Of The Fgfr4-Klb-Fgf19 Axis In Colorectal Neoplastic Progression, Michael Rohr

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common and third deadliest cancer worldwide with rising incidence rates attributed to environmental risk factors like diet. Investigating how these factors impact carcinogenesis requires an understanding of how transcriptional events evolve with respect to neoplastic progression. We employed meta-transcriptomics and latent trajectory modeling to establish a compendium of profiled healthy, adenoma, and CRC samples scored by their position along a pseudotemporal axis. By interpolating a continuous scale from cross-sectional data, dynamic processes occurring throughout disease progression can be analyzed more accurately. For example, smaller pseudotimes represented pre-malignant dysplasia and was characterized by cellular …

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Odin, Lord Of The Dead: Religious Legitimization For Social And Political Change In Late Iron Age And Early Medieval Scandinavia, Ty Karnitz Jan 2022

Odin, Lord Of The Dead: Religious Legitimization For Social And Political Change In Late Iron Age And Early Medieval Scandinavia, Ty Karnitz

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023

Recently, scholars of pre-Christian religions in Scandinavia have argued against a unified pantheon with Odin at its head. Instead, scholars have argued that religious beliefs in pre-Christian Scandinavia should be understood as a body of interrelated beliefs that varied by region, social class, and environmental setting. Significant cults within pre-Christian Scandinavia include those of Thor, Freyr, Odin, and a cult of the dead. Acknowledging that various religious beliefs coexisted leads to the question of how they interacted with each other. The cult of Odin has often been considered a cult of royalty and elites. Scholars have argued that Odin's various …

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Extensions Of The General Solution To The Inverse Problem Of The Calculus Of Variations, And Variational, Perturbative And Reversible Systems Approaches To Regular And Embedded Solitary Waves, Ranses Alfonso Rodriguez Jan 2022

Extensions Of The General Solution To The Inverse Problem Of The Calculus Of Variations, And Variational, Perturbative And Reversible Systems Approaches To Regular And Embedded Solitary Waves, Ranses Alfonso Rodriguez

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023

In the first part of this Dissertation, hierarchies of Lagrangians of degree two, three or four, each only partly determined by the choice of leading terms and with some coefficients remaining free, are derived. These have significantly greater freedom than the most general differential geometric criterion currently known for the existence of a Lagrangian and variational formulation since our existence conditions are for individual coefficients in the Lagrangian. For different choices of leading coefficients, the resulting variational equations could also represent traveling waves of various nonlinear evolution equations. Families of regular and embedded solitary waves are derived for some of …

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Endless Curiosity, Ryan Price Jan 2022

Endless Curiosity, Ryan Price

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023

Growing up in an image-based society with television, computer screens, and a massive swell of visual media leaves me overloaded with imagery and information. I seek to find beauty in the strangeness of interconnected nostalgia of family memories, loss and grief, escapism, and video games. I process and excavate my personal history by romanticizing memories, relationships, and the passage of time. I do this with constructed visual worlds created through the physical processes of drawing, bookbinding, ceramics, printmaking, and painting. I use references and influences from 20th-century artists Paul Klee, James Ensor, and Jim Nutt to connect and interweave video …

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Physics And Applications Of Space-Time Wave Packets, Murat Yessenov Jan 2022

Physics And Applications Of Space-Time Wave Packets, Murat Yessenov

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023

Space-time wave packets (STWP) constitute a broad class of pulsed optical fields that are rigidly transported in linear media without diffraction or dispersion, and are therefore propagation-invariant in absence of optical nonlinearities or waveguiding structures. Such wave packets exhibit unique characteristics, such as controllable group velocities in free space and exotic refractive phenomena. At the root of these behaviors is a fundamental feature underpinning STWP: their spectra are not separable with respect to the spatial and temporal degrees of freedom. Indeed, the spatio-temporal structure is endowed with angular dispersion, in which each spatial frequency is associated with a single prescribed …

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Investigating The Effects Of Negative Influence Gradients And Emotion Contagion On The Information Processing Capacity Of Social Media Users: Information Diffusion Modeling Approach, Nisha Baral Jan 2022

Investigating The Effects Of Negative Influence Gradients And Emotion Contagion On The Information Processing Capacity Of Social Media Users: Information Diffusion Modeling Approach, Nisha Baral

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023

With the growing use of Online social media (OSM), users are observing a substantial amount of information in their social feeds. Moreover, people often use multiple OSM platforms because of each platform's unique features. Because of the huge volume of information present in social feeds, it restricts a user's ability to process the relevant information since the most important information may be overwhelmed by unimportant information. For information to diffuse in OSM, the receiver's attention is the most important condition. Cognition plays an important role in determining a user's attention/responsiveness. If OSM users receive the information above their cognition limits …

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Diffractive Liquid Crystal Optical Elements For Near-Eye Displays, Jianghao Xiong Jan 2022

Diffractive Liquid Crystal Optical Elements For Near-Eye Displays, Jianghao Xiong

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023

Liquid crystal planar optics (LCPO) with versatile functionalities is emerging as a promising candidate for overcoming various challenges in near-eye displays, like augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR), while maintaining a small form factor. This type of novel optical element exhibits unique properties, such as high efficiency, large angular/spectral bandwidths, polarization selectivity, and dynamic modulation. The basic molecular configuration of these novel reflective LCPO is analyzed, based on the simulation of molecular dynamics. In contrast to previously assumed planar-twist structure, our analysis predicts a slanted helix structure, which agrees with the measured results. The optical simulation model is established …

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The Effects Of Traumatic Experiences On Identity Among People With Expressive Language Disorders, Bailey Wagaman Jan 2022

The Effects Of Traumatic Experiences On Identity Among People With Expressive Language Disorders, Bailey Wagaman

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023

This study aims to address the lack of standardized measurement of the effects of trauma on identity. Waterman's (2020) theory, taxonomy, and Trauma Impacts on Identity Functioning Scales were used to evaluate the effects of traumatic brain injury on identity. TBI survivors compared their sense of identity from pre-to-post TBI. Data collection consisted of 2 interviews and participants were compensated with $60 gift cards. Participants (N = 15, Mage = 52.67) were recruited from several language disorder groups. In terms of identity functioning post-brain injury, participant reports of their experiences varied quite a bit from identity loss to a strengthened …

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Social Support And Empowerment Among Caregivers Of Children With Asthma, Lauren Lebo Jan 2022

Social Support And Empowerment Among Caregivers Of Children With Asthma, Lauren Lebo

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023

The purpose of this study was to better understand the concept of empowerment among caregivers of children with asthma. This study investigated what is already known about empowerment among caregivers and the instruments available to measure caregiver empowerment. This study then examined the relationship between social support and caregiver empowerment as well as income level and empowerment amongst caregivers of children with asthma. This study used the Federal Poverty Guidelines, Family Empowerment Scale and MOS Social Support Survey to measure these relationships. It was found that there was no relationship between income level and empowerment, but there was a significant …

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A Novel Virtual Reality Executive Function Assessment, Christine Parsons Jan 2022

A Novel Virtual Reality Executive Function Assessment, Christine Parsons

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023

Executive Function (EF) is related to cognitive ability and includes such constructs as working memory, inhibition control, and cognitive flexibility (i.e., set shifting). The individual constructs work together to allow a person to set and achieve goals. Student success and achievement have been linked to satisfactory EF skills. Research indicates the testing methods for executive function are diverse and may lack sensitivity. Currently, the NIH Toolbox-Cognitive Battery (NTCB) assessment is a nationally normed standardized battery used to measure individual constructs of executive function in isolation. However, this assessment does not allow measurement of EF as the individual constructs interoperate. Virtual …

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Emergency Remote Teaching (Ert) Forced By The Covid-19 Pandemic: Efl Teachers' Practices And Perspectives Two Years Later, Eman Barri Jan 2022

Emergency Remote Teaching (Ert) Forced By The Covid-19 Pandemic: Efl Teachers' Practices And Perspectives Two Years Later, Eman Barri

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023

When the Covid-19 pandemic first hit the world in March 2020, all aspects of life were drastically disrupted, and the education sector underwent radical changes. An almost overnight shift from traditional classrooms to delivering instruction online became an enforced necessity rather than an option to continue education during the pandemic, which required teachers around the world to adapt to the new reality on very short notice. Because little research has been undertaken to understand language teaching practices globally during the pandemic from the teachers' perspectives, shedding light on how English as a foreign language (EFL) teachers responded to the emergency …

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Development Of A Computational Application To Aid With Chemometric And Forensic Analysis Of Fire Debris Samples, Michelle Corbally Jan 2022

Development Of A Computational Application To Aid With Chemometric And Forensic Analysis Of Fire Debris Samples, Michelle Corbally

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023

Fire debris analysis is a forensic science discipline that determines if an ignitable liquid residue is present or absent in a fire debris sample. Currently, fire debris analysis results in categorical statements based on qualitative data, not the quantitative evidentiary value of data. The purpose of this research was to develop a novel software application to aid fire debris analysts in the identification and classification of ignitable liquid residues that are found in fire debris samples. The developed application uses target factor analysis (TFA) and Pearson correlation for compound identification in gas chromatograms using mass spectral comparison and allows for …

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Development Of Holographic Phase Masks For Wavefront Shaping, Nafiseh Mohammadian Jan 2022

Development Of Holographic Phase Masks For Wavefront Shaping, Nafiseh Mohammadian

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023

This dissertation explores a new method for creating holographic phase masks (HPMs), which are phase transforming optical elements holographically recorded in photosensitive glass. This novel hologram recording method allows for the fast production of HPMs of any complexity, as opposed to the traditional multistep process, which includes the design and fabrication of a master phase mask operating in the UV region before the holographic recording step. We holographically recorded transmissive HPMs that are physically robust (they are recorded in a silicate glass volume), can handle tens of kilowatts of continuous wave (CW) laser power, are un-erasable, user defined, require no …

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Characterizing The Particle Size Distribution In Saturn's Rings Using Cassini Uvis Stellar Occultation Data, Stephanie Eckert Jan 2022

Characterizing The Particle Size Distribution In Saturn's Rings Using Cassini Uvis Stellar Occultation Data, Stephanie Eckert

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023

NASA's Cassini mission to Saturn revolutionized modern understanding of the planet's vast and intricate ring system. We use stellar occultation data from Cassini's UVIS High Speed Photometer (HSP) to characterize the particle size distribution in the rings with two methods. First, we discern the sizes of the smallest particles at ring edges by forward-modeling observed diffraction signatures which appear as spikes in the signal, the shape and amplitude of which depends on the size and abundance of the smallest particles. We then probe the upper end of the size distribution using occultation statistics. Although the distribution of photon counts in …

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Quality Of Life: How Does Race Influence Residential Satisfaction In Cities, Alexis Kelly Jan 2022

Quality Of Life: How Does Race Influence Residential Satisfaction In Cities, Alexis Kelly

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023

The main concepts addressed within this study are neighborhood security, culture in cities, immigration, White flight, and gentrification. Although Whites originally settled in cities, an influx of foreigners encouraged racial dispersion and seclusion. Ultimately, Whites fled to suburban and rural areas while racial minorities remained in the city. The historic relocation of Whites led to the neglect of the city and its occupants, Thus, the motivation for this study revolves around the idea that race-related exclusion influences quality of life and residential satisfaction in cities. Data were obtained from the General Social Survey to examine the relationship between quality of …

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Reticular Design And Synthesis Of Metal-Organic Frameworks With Targeted Emergent Properties, David Fairchild Jan 2022

Reticular Design And Synthesis Of Metal-Organic Frameworks With Targeted Emergent Properties, David Fairchild

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023

The research presented in this dissertation describes the design and synthesis of substitutional-solid-solution-based multivariate metal-organic frameworks (SSS-based MTV MOFs) with functionalized organic linkers to study their emergent properties in the crystalline solid state. The synthetic versatility and tunability of organic chemistry coupled with the predictable organization of inorganic structures enables MTV MOF systems to further the fundamental understanding of structure-composition-property relationships for the targeted design of applied materials due to their ability to control the structure, composition, and property independently. To begin, a set of terphenyl linkers with varied steric and electronic properties were crystallized as a family of UiO-type …

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Control Of Coherence In Attosecond Atomic Ionization, Saad Mehmood Jan 2022

Control Of Coherence In Attosecond Atomic Ionization, Saad Mehmood

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023

The motion of electrons in atoms, molecules, and in condensed matter unfolds on a time scale from the attosecond (1 as = 10-18 s) to several femtoseconds (1 fs= 10-15 s). The advent of attosecond light pulses has opened the way to the time-resolved study of electronic motion and of ionization processes using pump-probe spectroscopy. In this thesis, we examine three aspects of the ionization dynamics in poly-electronic atoms: i) the coherence of the emerging charged fragments, ii) two-photon ionization pathways, and iii) the reconstruction of photoionization amplitudes from experimental observable. We focus on the role of autoionizing states and …

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Post-Crisis Organizational Learning Thresholds, Pitfalls And The Risk Of Repeated Crises: Clarifying The Discourse Of Renewal Theory, Rodrigo Soares Jan 2022

Post-Crisis Organizational Learning Thresholds, Pitfalls And The Risk Of Repeated Crises: Clarifying The Discourse Of Renewal Theory, Rodrigo Soares

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023

Through a case study analysis of repeated crises that impacted the same organization in Brazil, this dissertation aimed to solve an applied problem: the potential for unresolved or amplified risk for organizations and their stakeholders facing repeated crises due to incomplete post-crisis learning. This research expands and clarifies the understanding of organizational learning, particularly in the Discourse of Renewal theory, by exploring the potential for organizations to ascertain vital lessons for a crisis but fail to communicatively constitute them as central features of a renewed organization. The study investigated an organization's failure to avoid repeating a crisis within a relatively …

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Invisible Strings: The Impacts Of Race On Attitudes Toward Abortion Among The Highly Religious, Marin Deevers Jan 2022

Invisible Strings: The Impacts Of Race On Attitudes Toward Abortion Among The Highly Religious, Marin Deevers

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023

Following an influential Supreme Court decision regarding the legality of abortion, America seems to be split now more than ever on their attitudes towards this care. At the same time, researchers have shown that America has been shifting towards a more diverse and liberal population on social issues. With the increased presence of diverse groups, cross-pressures have grown in individuals belonging to multiple social groups that may hold conflicting opinions about political issues such as abortion care. Race and frequent religiosity have been salient identities in predicting attitudes towards abortion. This research set out to test whether these identities can …

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The Dialectics Of Ambivalent Identification In The Supervisor-Subordinate Dyad, Barret Vermilion Jan 2022

The Dialectics Of Ambivalent Identification In The Supervisor-Subordinate Dyad, Barret Vermilion

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023

Ambivalent interpersonal relationships in organizations are known to have deleterious effects on employee health and wellbeing, work performance, counterproductive work behaviors, and more. However, little research has examined ambivalent relationships in the supervisor-subordinate dyad. In the present study, I contribute to the supervisor-subordinate literature by examining the interaction between abusive supervision and supervisor support. Furthermore, I extend past findings by investigating the mediating role of ambivalent supervisor identification, hypothesizing that support in an otherwise abusive supervisor relationship will lead to ambivalent supervisor identification and, consequently, negative health outcomes. Finally, I explore the role of dialectical thinking style, an Eastern mode …

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The Sociology Of God: The Case Of Homeless Believers, John L'Hommedieu Jan 2022

The Sociology Of God: The Case Of Homeless Believers, John L'Hommedieu

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023

This research began as personal curiosity about the religious beliefs of persons experiencing homelessness, and in particular their beliefs about God. What do they believe about God, and how are their beliefs socially constructed? Social research has generally limited its focus to assessing religion as an asset in ameliorating homelessness as a social problem with little attention to the religious behaviors and thought processes of persons experiencing homelessness themselves. I conducted a classic grounded theory (CGT) analysis based on 14 in-depth interviews with homeless believers (HB's) and three interviews with pastors-service-providers (PSP's) for comparative analysis. The findings include two major …

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Heat Transfer Characterization Of Carbon Dioxide In Micro Impinging Jet(S) Near Critical Conditions, Stephen Adeoye Jan 2022

Heat Transfer Characterization Of Carbon Dioxide In Micro Impinging Jet(S) Near Critical Conditions, Stephen Adeoye

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023

The continuous growth and demand of increased operating performances of electronics has brought about an increase in the chip power density posing threat to the thermal management of these devices. Although numerous thermal solutions ranging from passive to active cooling together with a variety of working fluids have been adopted, however, the question whether these available cooling methods could meet up with the ever-growing need for increased operating performances is a concerning one. Jet impingement cooling has been effectively used in many industrial applications due to its high heat transfer capability. The limited study at the micro scale suggests that …

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Attenuation Of Excess Tnfα Release In Crohn's Disease By Silencing Of Irhoms 1/2 And The Restoration Of Tgfβ-Mediated Immunosuppression Through The Modulation Of Tace Trafficking, Taylor Louis Jan 2022

Attenuation Of Excess Tnfα Release In Crohn's Disease By Silencing Of Irhoms 1/2 And The Restoration Of Tgfβ-Mediated Immunosuppression Through The Modulation Of Tace Trafficking, Taylor Louis

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023

Although treatment of Crohn's disease (CD) with TNFa monoclonal antibodies is beneficial, many patients stop responding over time and become at risk of acquiring infections. This study investigated an alternative approach to attenuate the release of excess TNFα by silencing iRHOMs 1/2 with the intention of restoring TGFβ-mediated Immunosuppression through Mitigation of TNFα converting enzyme (TACE) Trafficking. TACE, a transmembrane metalloprotease involved in signaling of receptors/cytokines/growth factors/adhesion proteins, is upregulated in CD, resulting in a marked increase of membranous TNFα cleavage and inflammation. Initially, we measured TGFβRII shedding in plasma from CD patients and healthy controls (N=40 per group). We …

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Applications For Machine Learning On Readily Available Data From Virtual Reality Training Experiences, Alec Moore Jan 2022

Applications For Machine Learning On Readily Available Data From Virtual Reality Training Experiences, Alec Moore

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023

The purpose of the research presented in this dissertation is to improve virtual reality (VR) training systems by enhancing their understanding of users. While the field of intelligent tutoring systems (ITS) has seen value in this approach, much research into making use of biometrics to improve user understanding and subsequently training, relies on specialized hardware. Through the presented research, I show that with machine learning (ML), the VR system itself can serve as that specialized hardware for VR training systems. I begin by discussing my explorations into using an ecologically valid, specialized training simulation as a testbed to predict knowledge …

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An Anthropological Study Of The Effects Of The Covid-19 Pandemic On Drug Treatment In The United States, Abigail Shepherd Jan 2022

An Anthropological Study Of The Effects Of The Covid-19 Pandemic On Drug Treatment In The United States, Abigail Shepherd

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023

This thesis examined the extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic has affected the structure of drug treatment in the United States and how the effects have influenced the experience of undergoing and providing services in a variety of contexts. The COVID-19 pandemic emerged amid an opioid epidemic, which has taken the lives of over 564,000 Americans since the late 1990s. With overdose deaths increasing since the onset of the pandemic and government agencies responding with policy changes, recent research in the social sciences and on drug treatment services has necessarily shifted its focus to the effects of the pandemic on …

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Cholera Transmission Dynamic Model With Environmental Impacts Of Plankton Reservoirs, Sweety Sarker Jan 2022

Cholera Transmission Dynamic Model With Environmental Impacts Of Plankton Reservoirs, Sweety Sarker

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023

Cholera is an acute disease that is a global threat to the world and can kill people within a few hours if left untreated. In the last 200 years, seven pandemics occurred, and, in some countries, it remains endemic. The World Health Organization (WHO) declared a global initiative to prevent cholera by 2030. Cholera dynamics are contributed by several environmental factors such as salinity level of water, water temperature, presence of plankton especially zooplankton such as cladocerans, rotifers, copepods, etc. Vibrio cholerae (V. cholerae) bacterium is the main reason behind the cholera disease and the growth of V. cholerae depends …

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