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Religion At The Polls: A Case Study Of Twentieth-Century Politics And Religion In Florida, Wayne Flynt Mar 2022

Religion At The Polls: A Case Study Of Twentieth-Century Politics And Religion In Florida, Wayne Flynt

Florida Historical Quarterly

Florida politicians show up in strange places. Shawn Ryan, pop music writer for The Birmingham News, authored a column on March 2, 1990, about Governor Robert Martinez’s attempt to purge Florida record stores of obscene material. A special session of the Florida legislature had just pulverized the governor’s antiabortion legislative package. Martinez sought to recover by ordering a record by 2 Live Crew, “As Nasty As They Wanna Be,” removed from record store shelves in Dade County. The fact that the governor of a state with more than its share of adult book stores and pornography palaces should have targeted …


Where Palm And Pine Are Blowing: Convict Labor In The North Florida Turpentine Industry, 1877-1923, Jeffrey A. Drobney Mar 2022

Where Palm And Pine Are Blowing: Convict Labor In The North Florida Turpentine Industry, 1877-1923, Jeffrey A. Drobney

Florida Historical Quarterly

In 1912 journalist Marc Goodnow visited the pine forests of north Florida seeking information for an article he was writing on the turpentine industry. Goodnow’s findings, which appeared in an exposé entitled “Turpentine: Impressions of the Convicts’ Camps of Florida,” shocked the nation. In the article Goodnow described how he stood in horror and watched as a black convict was forced to be a “runner” in a deadly game of hide and seek. In this weekly occurrence, which trained camp dogs to track down escaped convicts, the man was given a five-minute head start and then required to lead the …


Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society Mar 2022

Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

THE SPANISH FRONTIER IN NORTH AMERICA, by David J. Weber, reviewed by Jerald T. Milanich; THE PEOPLE WHO DISCOVERED COLUMBUS : THE PREHISTORY OF THE BAHAMAS, by William F. Keegan, reviewed by John F. Scarry; FRANCISCO BOULIGNY: A BOURBON SOLDIER IN SPANISH LOUISIANA, by Gilbert C. Din, reviewed by William S. Coker; CALUMET & FLEUR-DE-LYS: ARCHAEOLOGY OF INDIAN AND FRENCH CONTACT IN THE MIDCONTINENT, edited by John A. Walthall and Thomas E. Emerson, reviewed by Bennie C. Keel; THE DEVELOPMENT OF SOUTHEASTERN ARCHAEOLOGY, edited by Jay K. Johnson, reviewed by Judith A. Bense; THE PAPERS OF HENRY CLAY: SUPPLEMENT, 1793-1852, …


The Initiative And Referendum In Florida, 1911-1912, Stephen Kerber Mar 2022

The Initiative And Referendum In Florida, 1911-1912, Stephen Kerber

Florida Historical Quarterly

On April 13, 1911, Representative Thomas F. West of Santa Rosa County introduced a joint resolution in Florida’s House of Representatives intended to amend the state constitution. 1 West’s proposal, designated as House Joint Resolution (HJR) 222, called for the adoption of two popular progressive-era reforms, the initiative and the referendum.2 Although strenuously opposed by a conservative minority in both legislative houses, HJR 222 achieved the necessary votes to gain passage with relative ease. The strongest opposition to these two innovations in direct democracy manifested itself several months later, during the summer and fall of 1912, when influential reactionaries successfully …


Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society Mar 2022

Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

FLORIDA: A SHORT HISTORY, by Michael Gannon, reviewed by Paul S. George; ATLAS OF FLORIDA, edited by Edward A. Fernald and Elizabeth Purdum, reviewed by John R. Dunkle; HERNANDO DE SOTO AND THE INDIANS OF FLORIDA, by Jerald T. Milanich and Charles Hudson, reviewed by Ignacio Avellaneda; MISSIONS TO THE CALUSA, edited and translated by John H. Hann, reviewed by Robert A. Matter; CULTURE AND ENVIRONMENT IN THE DOMAIN OF THE CALUSA, edited by William H. Marquardt, reviewed by Brent R. Weisman; COLUMBUS WAS LAST: FROM 200,000 B.C. TO 1492, A HERETICAL HISTORY OF WHO WAS FIRST, by Patrick Huyghe, …


Some Observations From And About The Luna Papers, William S. Coker Mar 2022

Some Observations From And About The Luna Papers, William S. Coker

Florida Historical Quarterly

Several articles written in the last few years about the hurricane of 1559 that hit Pensacola Bay, then the Bahía Filipina del Puerto de Santa María, have inadvertently given the wrong date, August 19, 1559, when the hurricane struck. It seems appropriate to correct this error to prevent it from perpetuating, and the Luna Papers provide the necessary information.1 This note also provides an opportunity to mention several other noteworthy aspects of the Luna Papers.


Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society Mar 2022

Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

SPANISH PATHWAYS IN FLORIDA: 1492-1992, edited by Ann L. Henderson and Gary R. Mormino, reviewed by Luis Rafael Arana; HEAVY ARTILLERY AND LIGHT INFANTRY: A HISTORY OF THE 1ST FLORIDA SPECIAL BATTALION & 10TH INFANTRY, C.S.A., by Don Hillhouse, reviewed by William Nulty; JACKSONVILLE AFTER THE FIRE, 1901-1919: A NEW SOUTH CITY, by James B. Crooks, reviewed by Raymond Arsenault; IDELLA: MARJORIE RAWLINGS’ “PERFECT MAID,” by Idella Parker with Mary Keating, reviewed by Jim Haskins; SPANISH OBSERVERS AND THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION, 1775-1783, by Light Townsend Cummins, reviewed by Sherry Johnson; SACRED REVOLT: THE MUSKOGEE STRUGGLE FOR A NEW WORLD, by …


Joseph L. Wiley: A Black Florida Educator, Joe M. Richardson Mar 2022

Joseph L. Wiley: A Black Florida Educator, Joe M. Richardson

Florida Historical Quarterly

"What has become of Prof. Wiley," asked the Ocala Evening Star on September 6, 1915.1 Joseph L. Wiley, longtime principal of Fessenden Academy at Martin, had mysteriously disappeared on July 1 while in Ocala to attend a movie. He had parked his car on West Broadway and walked to the Temple Theater downtown. The next morning his car was still there, but Wiley was never seen again. His financial affairs were in order, he had drawn no money from the bank, and his family and possessions remained behind. Rumors abounded as to his whereabouts. Many local blacks believed that he …


Joseph Urban's Palm Beach Architecture, Donald W. Curl Mar 2022

Joseph Urban's Palm Beach Architecture, Donald W. Curl

Florida Historical Quarterly

When Paris Singer established the Everglades Club, he changed forever the nature of Palm Beach as a winter resort. Until 1918 social life centered on the Flagler hotels and the Beach Club, Colonel Edward Bradley’s gambling casino. In the period after World War I, when growing wealth allowed America’s middle class to plan winter vacations, society found its exclusiveness threatened. Almost anyone who could afford it could register at the Royal Poinciana, the Breakers, or the Palm Beach Hotel. The Everglades Club, with its expensive restricted membership, allowed for a new definition of society in the winter resort.


Florida's Fudged Identity, Stephen J. Whitfield Mar 2022

Florida's Fudged Identity, Stephen J. Whitfield

Florida Historical Quarterly

"No symbols where none intended," the warning that Samuel Beckett issued near the end of his second novel, would drive American Studies professors out of business and push them into an occupation of greater social benefit.1 For it is the point of this essay to find some inadvertent symbols and to discern iconographic significance in the history of a state. Florida should make an especially promising subject because of its mythic status, tapping into the nation’s definition of itself. Its saga appears to be more than a combination of geographic constraints and political boundaries and economic developments and demographic patterns. …


Toward A More Humane Oppression: Florida's Slave Codes, 1821-1861, Joseph Conan Thompson Mar 2022

Toward A More Humane Oppression: Florida's Slave Codes, 1821-1861, Joseph Conan Thompson

Florida Historical Quarterly

As personal property capable of independent action, slaves posed a unique dilemma to antebellum Florida’s ruling society. Statute law, which defined criminal behavior and affixed punishment for white criminals, could not be applied easily to the slaves lest whites compromise the hegemonic function of the law. A clear line of distinction between the two races was needed in order to maintain black subordination and race control. Had the ruling class consented to a body of laws that would have applied equally to both master and slave, that line might have been disconcertingly ambiguous. Any hint of equality under the law …


Philadelphia Story: Florida Gives William Bartram A Second Chance, Charlotte M. Porter Mar 2022

Philadelphia Story: Florida Gives William Bartram A Second Chance, Charlotte M. Porter

Florida Historical Quarterly

William Bartram’s book, Travels Through North & South Carolina, Georgia, East & West Florida . . ., published in 1791, presented the most “consistent aesthetic theory produced in America up to his day.“ 1 Two hundred years later, appreciation of this complex work requires an understanding of the author’s intellectual growth, for the Travels is both a volume of natural history and autobiography.


Reconstruction And Analysis Of The 1513 Discovery Voyage Of Juan Ponce De León, Douglas T. Peck Mar 2022

Reconstruction And Analysis Of The 1513 Discovery Voyage Of Juan Ponce De León, Douglas T. Peck

Florida Historical Quarterly

The long and eventful discovery voyage of Juan Ponce de León, the Spanish conquistador and explorer, has not received the amount of in-depth study and analysis that this historically significant voyage so richly deserves. Perhaps a reason for this can be found in the fact that sixteenth-century (and later) historians, in dwelling on the fact that the largely apocryphal purpose of the voyage was to find a fountain of youth, perverted the factual reporting of the real purpose of the voyage and its several significant discoveries. This distorted version continues in many contemporary history books because of the proclivity of …


Unpretending Service: The James L. Davis, The Tahoma, And The East Gulf Blockading Squadron, David J. Coles Mar 2022

Unpretending Service: The James L. Davis, The Tahoma, And The East Gulf Blockading Squadron, David J. Coles

Florida Historical Quarterly

The United States Navy’s primary mission during the Civil War was to blockade the Confederate coastline. To accomplish this, the North Atlantic, South Atlantic, East Gulf, and West Gulf Blockading Squadrons were established.1 Perhaps the least known of these was the East Gulf Blockading Squadron (EGBS), which was created January 20, 1862, and began independent operations a month later on February 22. Charged with responsibility for the blockade of the Florida peninsula from Cape Canaveral on the Atlantic coast to St. Andrew Bay in the Gulf of Mexico, the EGBS operated for three and one-half years. During that time, the …


Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society Mar 2022

Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

A History of Music & Dance in Florida, 1565-1865, by Wiley L. Housewright, reviewed by Patricia C. Griffin; Perilous Journeys: A History of Steamboating on the Chattahoochee, Apalachicola, and Flint Rivers, 1828-1928, by Edward A. Mueller, reviewed by Lynn Willoughby; Zora in Florida, edited by Steve Glassman and Kathryn Lee Seidel, reviewed by Charlotte D. Hunt; Mullet on the Beach: The Minorcans of Florida, 1768-1788, by Patricia C. Griffin, reviewed by Charles W. Arcade; Florida Archeology: San Pedro y San Pablo de Patale: A Seventeenth-Century Spanish Mission in Leon County, Florida, by B. Calvin Jones, John Hann, and John F. …


William Bartram's Travels In The Indian Nations, Charlotte M. Porter Mar 2022

William Bartram's Travels In The Indian Nations, Charlotte M. Porter

Florida Historical Quarterly

In 1773, the famous American naturalist William Bartram returned to the southeast portion of what is now the United States. The region was a more dangerous place than he realized. American “patriots” from Georgia were making troublesome border raids into East Florida. Many of the English plantations were owned in absentia, and the lives of the resident managers were, as Bartram knew from personal experience, isolated. Indian groups far outnumbered white residents in the Floridas, and they were becoming increasingly hostile. With an estimated 4,500 warriors, the Lower Creeks seriously impeded any colonial presence in the East Florida interior. In …


Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society Mar 2022

Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

Pearl City, Florida: A Black Community Remembers, by Arthur S. Evans and David Lee, reviewed by Daniel T. Hobby; The Conquest of Paradise: Christopher Columbus and the Columbian Legacy, by Kirkpatrick Sale, reviewed by Michael Gannon; The Oligarchs in Colonial and Revolutionary Charleston: Lieutenant Governor William Bull and His Family, by Kinlock Bull, Jr., reviewed by Don Higginbotham; The Final Campaign of the American Revolution: Rise and Fall of the Spanish Bahamas, by James A. Lewis, reviewed by Robert R. Rea; Letters of Delegates to Congress, 1774-1789: Volume 17, March 1 - August 31, 1781, edited by Paul H. Smith, …


A New Englander On The Indian River Frontier: Caleb Lyndon Brayton And The View From Brayton's Bluff, Edward Caleb Coker Mar 2022

A New Englander On The Indian River Frontier: Caleb Lyndon Brayton And The View From Brayton's Bluff, Edward Caleb Coker

Florida Historical Quarterly

In July 1844, from atop a high bluff overlooking the Indian River in St. Lucie County, Caleb Lyndon Brayton commenced an affectionate correspondence to his wife which continued until his death from tuberculosis ten years later.1 Lyndon had come to Florida to improve his health and seek his fortune. His pregnant wife, Marian, and his young son, Thomas Lyndon, remained behind in Augusta, Georgia, waiting for him to become estabished on the Florida frontier. Brayton, a native of Rhode Island, began his career as a merchant in Fall River, Massachusetts. The onset of tuberculosis prompted a move to the warmer …


Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society Mar 2022

Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

Charles III: Florida and the Gulf, edited by Patricia R. Wickman, reviewed by Charles W. Arnade; Florida’s Air Force: Air National Guard 1946-1990, by Robert Hawk, reviewed by John P. Ingle, Jr.; A New Andalucia and a Way to the Orient: The American Southeast During the Sixteenth Century, by Paul E. Hoffman, reviewed by F. Lamar Pearson, Jr.; The Public Life of Aedanus Burke: Revolutionary Republican in Post-Revolutionary South Carolina, by John C. Meleney, reviewed by Aubrey C. Land; Fleeting Moments: Nature and Culture in American History, by Gunther Barth, reviewed by Richard A. Bartlett; Constitutions and Constitutionalism in the …


Missouri Volunteers At The Battle Of Okeechobee: Christmas Day 1837, John K. Mahon Mar 2022

Missouri Volunteers At The Battle Of Okeechobee: Christmas Day 1837, John K. Mahon

Florida Historical Quarterly

The Battle of Lake Okeechobee, which occurred on December 25, 1837, was the last large pitched battle of the Second Seminole War. Casualties among United States forces totaled 138, including twenty-six killed. Florida’s native hostiles lost only eleven to fourteen men.1 Nonetheless, army commander Zachary Taylor and his superiors hailed a great victory, and early reports of the “severe and bloody battle” claimed that “the Indians were driven in every direction.“2 The effect on the general’s military and eventual political career was substantial. As noted by a Taylor biographer, “His victory in the only large battle of the conflict went …


A Forgotten Sacrifice: Richard Gentry, Missouri Volunteers, And The Battle Of Okeechobee, Phillip Thomas Tucker Mar 2022

A Forgotten Sacrifice: Richard Gentry, Missouri Volunteers, And The Battle Of Okeechobee, Phillip Thomas Tucker

Florida Historical Quarterly

The Christmas Day 1837 battle at Lake Okeechobee was a crucial turning point of the Second Seminole War. Almost 30 percent of the American casualties in that engagement were volunteers from Missouri, forty men out of an effective volunteer force of 132. Among the dead was the volunteers’ commanding officer, Colonel Richard Gentry. While the battle’s American commander, Colonel Zachary Taylor, claimed a great victory, the clash was a disaster for the Missourians and, at that, was only the last in a series of difficult trials faced by the luckless regiment.


"Some Prefer The Seminoles": Violence And Disorder Among Soldiers And Settlers In The Second Seminole War, 1835-1842, James M. Denham Mar 2022

"Some Prefer The Seminoles": Violence And Disorder Among Soldiers And Settlers In The Second Seminole War, 1835-1842, James M. Denham

Florida Historical Quarterly

On November 26, 1835, Seminole Chief Charley Emaltha was murdered brutally as an act of retaliation. Against the wishes of many native leaders, he had agreed to emigrate west, as required by the earlier treaties of Paynes Landing and Fort Gibson. It soon became apparent that Osceola, a rival leader, and his band of followers were responsible. The news, when it spread, created panic throughout the frontier. At Alachua County’s seat at Newnansville, for example, Judge Robert Raymond Reid hurriedly dismissed the on-going session of the Superior Court of Alachua, Columbia, and Hillsborough counties so that everyone concerned could return …


Review Essay: A River Of Peace? The South Florida Frontier In The Nineteenth Century, Gary R. Mormino Mar 2022

Review Essay: A River Of Peace? The South Florida Frontier In The Nineteenth Century, Gary R. Mormino

Florida Historical Quarterly

Napoleon Bonaparte, a mover and shaper of national boundaries, once insisted that Italy was too long to be a country. Might not reasonable people arrive at the same conclusion about another peninsula, namely, that Florida is too long to be a state?


Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society Mar 2022

Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

LOS SOBREVIVIENTES DE LA FLORIDA: THE SURVIVORS OF THE DE SOTO EXPEDITION, by Ignacio Avellaneda, reviewed by Marvin T. Smith; CHARLES H. JONES, JOURNALIST AND POLITICIAN OF THE GILDED AGE, by Thomas Graham, reviewed by James B. Crooks; FLORIDA PORTRAIT: A PICTORIAL HISTORY OF FLORIDA, by Jerrell Shofner, reviewed by William M. Goza; THRILLS, CHILLS,& SPILLS - A PHOTOGRAPHIC HISTORY OF EARLY AVIATION ON THE WORLD'S MOST BIZARRE AIRPORT - THE BEACH AT DAYTONA BEACH, FLORIDA, by Dick and Yvonne Punnett, reviewed by John P. Ingle, Jr.; FLORIDA LIGHTHOUSES, by Kevin M. McCarthy, GREAT AMERICAN LIGHTHOUSES, by F. Ross Holland, …


"The Fox Goes To France": Florida, Secret Codes, And The Election Of 1876, James C. Clark Mar 2022

"The Fox Goes To France": Florida, Secret Codes, And The Election Of 1876, James C. Clark

Florida Historical Quarterly

Samuel J. Tilden’s defeat in the 1876 presidential election has long been the subject for contention and discussion. While many of the causes have received attention, the role played by the secret telegrams between New York and Florida has been overlooked. Confusion over the codes utilized for the telegrams prevented Tilden’s operatives in Florida from purchasing the vote of a key state official. Had the attempt succeeded, the state’s four electoral votes might have been awarded to Tilden, and the prize of the presidency would have gone to him and the Democratic party.


Review Essay:--Alfred I. Du Pont: His Impact On Florida, Jerrell H. Shofner Mar 2022

Review Essay:--Alfred I. Du Pont: His Impact On Florida, Jerrell H. Shofner

Florida Historical Quarterly

Through the pages of this large and well-written book, Joseph Frazier Wall delivers all that the title promises and much more. Beginning with the origins of the du Pont family in the eighteenth century and ending with an epilogue about Ed Ball’s covetous management of the du Pont estate during the half century after Alfred’s death, Wall not only portrays the huge du Pont family through a half dozen generations, but also says a great deal about the growth of business, industry, technology, and finance in the context of the history of the United States from its revolutionary inception in …


West Florida's Creek Indian Crisis Of 1837, Brian R. Rucker Mar 2022

West Florida's Creek Indian Crisis Of 1837, Brian R. Rucker

Florida Historical Quarterly

Although Andrew Jackson’s forays into Spanish West Florida in 1814 and 1818 dispersed several hostile bands of Creek Indians, scattered parties remained in isolated forests and swamps. When Florida was transferred to the United States in 1821, settlers moving into the new territory soon were confronted with the presence of these natives. The majority were located in the central portion of the territory, but sizable bands lived in northwest Florida. The Treaty of Moultrie Creek, signed in 1823, provided for the settlement of approximately 800 friendly Creeks on reservation lands along the Apalachicola River. Smaller bands also lived along the …


Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society Mar 2022

Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

VENICE: JOURNEY FROM HORSE AND CHAISE, by Janet Snyder Matthews, reviewed by Leland M. Hawes, Jr.; THE EPISCOPAL DIOCESE OF FLORIDA, 1892-1975, by George R. Bentley, reviewed by Joseph D. Cushman; THE JOURNAL OF DON FRANCISCO SAAVEDRA DE SANGRONIS , 1780-1783, edited and introduced by Francisco Morales Padrón, reviewed by Jane Landers; THE MINORCANS OF FLORIDA: THEIR HISTORY, LANGUAGE, AND CULTURE, by Philip D. Rasico, reviewed by Jane Quinn; BIG SUGAR: SEASONS IN THE CANE FIELDS OF FLORIDA, by Alec Wilkinson, reviewed by Robert H. Zieger; PIONEER COLLEGE: THE CENTENNIAL HISTORY OF SAINT LEO COLLEGE, SAINT LEO ABBEY, AND HOLY …


William Pope Duval: An Extraordinary Folklorist, Frank L. Snyder Mar 2022

William Pope Duval: An Extraordinary Folklorist, Frank L. Snyder

Florida Historical Quarterly

William Pope Duval, who served four terms as territorial governor of Florida, was a natural storyteller.1 His tales were crafted and fabricated with so much skill that his listeners believed every word as the absolute truth. DuVal never hesitated to shade the truth or to embellish his stories so that they became fictionalized accounts bordering on the fringes of reality. He wove a web of drama as he spoke and completely captured the attention of his audience. The stations in life they, the members of his audience, occupied did not matter— raw frontiersmen, uneducated workingmen, intellectuals, literary geniuses, or sophisticated …


Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society Mar 2022

Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

A GUIDE TO THE HISTORY OF FLORIDA, edited by Paul S. George, reviewed by Jacqueline K. Fretwell; BLACKS AND SOCIAL CHANGE: IMPACT OF THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT IN SOUTHERN COMMUNITIES, by James Button, reviewed by Steven F. Lawson; TWELVE ON THE RIVER ST. JOHNS, by Charles E. Bennett, reviewed by Thomas Graham; MARKLAND, by Jean Parker Waterbury, reviewed by Albert Manucy; THE SOUTHEASTERN CEREMONIAL COMPLEX: ARTIFACTS AND ANALYSIS, edited by Patricia Galloway, reviewed by John W. Griffin; THE MATERIAL BASIS OF THE POSTBELLUM TENANT PLANTATION: HISTORICAL ARCHAEOLOGY IN THE SOUTH CAROLINA PIEDMONT, by Charles Orser, Jr., reviewed by Theresa A. …