Digital Commons Network^™

Wishing That Right May Prevail: Ethan Allen Hitchcock And The Florida War, C. S. Monaco

Florida Historical Quarterly

On a spring evening in 1841, Major Ethan A. Hitchcock (1798-1870), mindful of the rare privilege of spending a night alone in a "small neat house" overlooking Tampa bay, rather than encamped in the East Florida wilderness, opened a trunk containing his flute and some sheet music and proceeded to play a few pieces. Pausing for a moment, he put his instrument down and walked over to an open window where he "sat in the light of the moon." As the air blew gently, Hitchcock was overcome by a rush of feeling. "I could haye wept," he confided to his …

New Systems, Established Traditions: Governor James Grant's Indian Diplomacy And The Evolution Of British Colonial Policy, 1760-1771, James L. Hill

Florida Historical Quarterly

Grant, the first governor of the British province of East Florida, arrived at St. Augustine in 1763 with a determination to prioritize Indian diplomacy. He desperately wanted to avoid violence between settlers and the neighboring Creek Indians, as he feared that internecine warfare on the frontier would scare potential immigrants from moving to the colony. The governor sought peaceful relations, not as a humanitarian aim, but as a means of advancing his goal of developing East Florida. To this end, Grant devised what he called a "new system" for the management of Indian affairs. This "new system," actually relied on …

Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

Stojanowski, Mission Cemeteries, Mission Peoples: Historical and Evolutionary Dimensions of Intracemetery Bioarchaeology in Spanish Florida. by Robert L. Thunen; Block, Ordinary Lives in the Early Caribbean: Religion, Colonial Competition, and the Politics of Profit. by Kris Lane; Watson, Jackson's Sword: The Army Officer Corps on the American Frontier, 1810-1821. by Jimmy L. Bryan Jr; Harvey, Moses,Jesus, and the Trickster in the Evangelical South. by Bill J. Leonard; Taylor, Reconstructing the Native South: American Indian Literature and the Lost Cause. by Mick Gidley; Zieger, Life and Labor in the New New South. by Erik S. Gellman; Kahrl, The Land Was Ours: …

Perfectly Still No More: Unionists In Confederate Northeast Florida, T. W. Upchurch

Florida Historical Quarterly

James William Allen's career as a Confederate soldier lasted only six months; he doubled over with a hernia and was discharged on the last day of 1861.2 His reaction to this medical condition is unknown since Allen left no letters,journal, or public pronouncement. Did he have dreams of military glory that were squashed by his rather inglorious medical condition? After all, Allen's unit, the St. Augustine Blues, had moved only 60 miles up the road to Fernandina.3 He had not left his home state nor, we assume, had he fired a weapon except to practice his marksmanship. However, judging by …

Florida History In Publications, 2013, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

No abstract provided.

An "Underground Railway" To Pensacola And The Impending Crisis Over Slavery, Matthew J. Clavin

Florida Historical Quarterly

In June 1850, several months before the United States Congress passed the Fugitive Slave Law, a runaway slave from Pensacola, Florida, became embroiled in the growing sectional conflict. The bondsman's name was Adam, and he was a twenty-one year old blacksmith at the Pensacola Navy Yard who snuck aboard the brig Mary Farrow just prior to its departure for New England. When the ship's captain discovered the stowaway in the ship's hold three days after embarking, he ordered a keelhauling, an archaic punishment whereby victims were thrown overboard and dragged by a rope underneath the boat's keel; the crew refused …

Colonialism On The Spanish Florida Frontier: Mission San Luis, 1656-1704, Bonnie G. Mcewan

Florida Historical Quarterly

The status of indigenous chiefs in the Americas was acknowledged by Spaniards in 1492.1 This resulted in a hierarchical social order of republics, including "a Republic of Spaniards, a Republic of Indians, and a "third order" of free blacks and mixed bloods ... presumed to have an African taint."2 During the seventeenth century, this framework became an important element in structuring the Indies and other colonies such as La Florida.3 In exchange for allegiance and tribute obligations, chiefs received special privileges, immunities, honorific titles, and material gifts that reinforced their status. However, the recognition of native nobility and indigenous political …

The Historical Archaeology Of Seventeeth-Century La Florida, Bonnie G. Mcewan

Florida Historical Quarterly

At the beginning of the seventeenth century, St. Augustine was still recovering from Francis Drake's 1586 raid during which the town and fields were ravaged.1 Officials were also evaluating the fallout from the 1597 Guale Rebellion during which four of the five friars working among the native peoples were killed, and rebuilding the town following a devastating fire in 1599. If not for St. Augustine's strategic location and perceived progress in the religious conversion of natives, Florida might well have been abandoned at the turn of the century. As it turned out, the next century would be the period of …

Our Experience In The History Of The Middle District Of Florida And The Speedy Trial Clause Of The Sixth Amendment, William J. Sheppard

Florida Historical Quarterly

Marc Doggett was charged by indictment with conspiracy to import and distribute cocaine. He called and made an appointment a few days after he had been arrested in Reston, Virginia. The case itself was in Jacksonville, Florida, so he came to Jacksonville and hired us. I'm not altogether clear how Mr. Doggett found me, but the minute I met him, I knew what his avenue of escape from the clutches of the United States might be. I recall meeting with Marc in the conference room in the afternoon and, during the course of our conversation, I had the folks in …

A Pioneer In Prison Reform: Costello V. Wainright And Its Paradoxical Legacy In Florida Prisons, Mariko K. Shitama

Florida Historical Quarterly

In 1972, prisoners Michael V Costello and Robert K Celestino filed separate pro se complaints in the United States District Court for the Middle District of Florida alleging overcrowded conditions and inadequate health care in Florida prisons. These claims were consolidated, amended by court-appointed counsel, and authorized by Senior United States District Judge Charles Ray Scott as a class action for declaratory and injunctive relief on behalf of all present and future Florida Department of Corrections (DOC) inmates. In their amended complaint, the plaintiffs alleged that the overcrowding and inadequate medical care in Florida prisons constituted cruel and unusual punishment …

A Speedbump On The Information Superhighway: Pushing Copyright Law Into The Online Era, Benjamin H. Eisenberg

Florida Historical Quarterly

George Frena owned and operated a small-scale subscription bulletin board service ("BBS") that was freely accessible to customers online via telephone modem. The BBS functioned much like an online library, allowing customers who had either paid a fee or purchased a certain amount of products from Frena to connect via the Internet and "browse through different BBS directories to look at pictures" and "download...copies of the photographs...from Frena's computer onto their home computer." In addition to general file-sharing, one of the BBS's more popular features was that subscribers could, among other things, upload and download "adult content matter" to and …

Otherwise Qualified: The Rehabilitation Act Of 1973 And The Origin Of The Direct Threat Defense, Patrick D. Flamming

Florida Historical Quarterly

In an effort to integrate individuals with disabilities into society and abate employment discrimination, Congress passed the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 (Act). While the Act more clearly applied to certain individuals with disabilities, the Act's construction seemingly left undefined whether individuals with contagious diseases were afforded the same coverage. The case giving rise to the Supreme Court's landmark employment law decision resolving the matter was the unreported, oral opinion of Arline v. School Board of Nassau County, which was decided in the United States District Court for the Middle District of Florida. This Comment examines the district court's opinion, comparing …

Lives Revisited: Drawing The Line Between History And Hollywood, Brian M. Stewart

Florida Historical Quarterly

No one knows exactly what happened on the final voyage of the fishing vessel Andrea Gail or the exact circumstances surrounding how the six crew members aboard met their demise. However, many became familiar with the story of the Andrea Gail and her crew through Sebastian Junger's book about the one-of-a-kind weather phenomenon that caused those six men to perish at sea. Many more became familiar with the story when Warner Bros. Pictures ("Warner Bros.") released the film The Perfect Storm based on Junger's book, featuring a number of high-profile actors such as George Clooney, Diane Lane, and Mark Wahlberg.

Creating The United States District Court For The Middle District Of Florida, James M. Denham

Florida Historical Quarterly

The creation of the Middle District was tied up in fundamental changes that, in the mid-1950s, were working social, cultural, political, and all manner of other revolutions in the Sunshine State. The Middle District was carved out of the Southern District of Florida, a huge district that spanned the entire peninsula from the Georgia border to the Florida Keys. The new district resembled a cross ways slash of territory running from the Georgia border as far south as Brevard County before it swung west and south all the way down the peninsula to the southern boundary of Lee County. After …

Conquerors, Peacekeepers, Or Both? The U.S. Army And West Florida, 1810-1811, A New Perspective, Samuel Wilson

Florida Historical Quarterly

The Louisiana Purchase did not remove Spanish posts along the east bank of the Mississippi River. These posts could still choke off commerce at New Orleans, and American leaders immediately began pressing Spain to cede West Florida. Spain rejected U.S. demands, Napoleon refused to compel its acquiescence, and U.S officials became increasingly belligerent. The commanding general of the U.S. Army, Brigadier General James Wilkinson, repeatedly sought permission to seize West Florida, an area that included the eastern parishes of Louisiana and parts of present day Mississippi, Alabama and Florida. President Jefferson's reluctance to mobilize an adequate force precluded military action …

Documents And Notes: Letters Of Major Hann, Paul S. Losch

Florida Historical Quarterly

No abstract provided.

Talking Trash: A Short History Of Solid Waste Management In Florida, Andrew Fairbanks

Florida Historical Quarterly

Death and taxes may be the only certainties in life, but taking out the trash is a daily routine for virtually every American household. Human beings have always discarded things, and in the more remote past, people often used discards for other purposes, such as empty oyster shells that formed impressive Native American ceremonial mounds. Until World War II, farmers and urbanites alike fed food scraps to pets, pigs, and other animals. Today, everything from worn out furniture to old cell phones is heaped into piles that comprise one of contemporary Florida's most easily identified landscape features: landfills. As a …

Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

Carlisle and Carlisle, Forts of Florida: A Guidebook. by Robert B. Kane; Feller, Moss, and Coens, eds., The Papers of Andrew Jackson, Volume 8, 1830. by Ellen C. Hickman; Oickle, The Man with the Branded Hand: The Life of Jonathan Walker, Abolitionist. by Tom Calarco; Sheppard, By the Noble Daring of Her Sons: The Florida Brigade of the Army of Tennessee. by John R. Lundberg; Loewen and Sebesta, eds., The Confederate and Neo-Confederate Reader: The "Great Truth" about the "Lost Cause." by Benjamin G. Cloyd; Knetsch and Wynne, Florida in the Spanish-American War. by Charles McGraw; King, Devil in the …

Entangled Borderlands: Europeans And Timucuans In Sixteenth-Century Florida, Jonathan Decoster

Florida Historical Quarterly

In February 1566, grisly news reached the Norman port cities of Dieppe and Le Havre. The French Huguenot colonists, who had left those ports for Florida less than two years previously, had been cruelly slaughtered by Spaniards. An open letter to France's king, purportedly written by the widows and orphans of the victims, was quickly published in an attempt to prod the crown into action. "The blood of your poor subjects, thus treacherously spilt, cries out before God for vengeance," it exclaimed.1 When the crown seemed deaf to the public outcry, a private citizen, Dominique de Gourgues, felt driven to …

Florida's Constitutional Property Exemptions: Changed Intent In Unchanged Text, Eric H. Miller

Florida Historical Quarterly

Recent events have placed the issue of bankruptcy and property exemptions in the spotlight as families negotiate he legal maze of retaining possession of their homes and property in the wake of the financial disruptions since 2007. Attorneys and clients alike are often surprised by the lack of change in the Florida constitutional provisions that limit the options for those seeking relief from the demands of creditors. Indeed, the personal property exemption seems written for an earlier time. The unchanged constitutional text shields a debtor's home but only protects personal property up to a total value of one thousand dollars, …

Controlling Venereal Disease In Orlando During World War Ii, Claire Strom

Florida Historical Quarterly

Beryl Oates* was nineteen years old when Deputy Sheriff James Allen Black arrested her just after 10:00 am on a Saturday morning in February 1944 on suspicion of having a venereal disease. She was detained until she could be seen by Doctor and Captain Solomon Kolack who worked for the US Public Health Service as the disease control officer for Orange County, Florida. When he saw her, Kolack would have tested Beryl for syphilis and, if she tested positive, she would have probably been confined in the rapid treatment center in Ocala for a lengthy and painful course of arsenic …

Alachua Settlers And The Second Seminole War, C. S. Monaco

Florida Historical Quarterly

The role of Florida's interior settlements and relatively modest settler population has never been assigned much historical significance vis-a-vis the Second Seminole War (1835-1842). With few exceptions, the historiography has focused on the military aspects of this protracted conflict, with certain key battles, military commanders, Native American leaders, and the destruction of the east coast sugar plantations garnering the most interest.2 The ramifications of President Andrew Jackson's Indian Removal Act (1830) which celebrated the prospect of placing "a civilized population on large tracts of country now occupied by a few savage hunters"3 are well-known, along with the treaties of Moultrie …

Six Strategies For Classroom Success: Enhancing Teaching And Learning For English Learners In Diverse Content Areas, Scott Freiberger

Journal of English Learner Education

As a result of the pandemic, teaching and learning has changed drastically over the past few years (Dascalu et al., 2021). Planning for classroom success for English Learners (ELs) includes pivoting to using educational technology to keep students motivated with well-planned topics, thought-provoking discussions, and respectful yet probing questioning techniques (Freiberger, 2020). In addition to enhancing academic language, educators may also consider infusing various contemporary technologies to revamp vocabulary knowledge, uplift language and literacy, and polish academic performance. Here are six strategies for enhancing teaching and learning for ELs in diverse content areas.

When Teachers Are The Gatekeepers Of Gifted And Talented Programs: Potential Factors For English Learners' Underrepresentation And Possible Solutions, Isabel Haller-Gryc

Journal of English Learner Education

The inclusion of English learners (ELs) in gifted and talented (GT) programs is an issue needing attention as data reveal that this group is still disproportionately under-represented. This article discusses the concerns when the GT identification process is dependent upon general education teacher referrals. Teachers’ implicit biases, lack of familiarity with the knowledge and skills required to work with English learners, and a lack of understanding of what "gifted" looks like in diverse students are identified as potential contributors to an inequitable gifted identification process that many ELs experience. The author discusses perceived solutions to combat the under-representation that results …

The First Days Of School Are The Most Challenging: English Learners’ Stories Of Resilience And Their Recommendations, Jill Hendrickson Lohmeier, Shanna Rose Thompson, Bangsil Oh

Journal of English Learner Education

The Multilingual learner (ML) population is steadily increasing in U.S. schools. Navigating new educational environments can be challenging for MLs, especially on the first day. This study draws upon data collected during two improvement-focused evaluations and is guided theoretically by the extant ML literature as well as Bronfenbrenner’s (2005) bioecological model of human development and Bandura’s (2018) concept of human agency in social cognitive theory. Mixed methods were used to identify the strengths and opportunities for improvement for two school districts’ ML programs. This article draws mainly from the data collected through student focus groups. Through the high school MLs’ …

Collaborative Writing With Young Multilingual Learners, Loren D. Jones, Luciana C. De Oliveira

Journal of English Learner Education

Effectively teaching writing to multilingual learners (MLs) has been identified as one of the most prominent challenges currently facing educators. Collaborative writing has been identified as one promising pedagogical practice that responds to this challenge; however, little of the existing research focuses on the elementary level. This study seeks to address this gap in the literature, describing a design-based research study focused on collaborative writing with MLs in a diverse first-grade classroom. This paper showcases two iterations of collaborative writing, closely examining the how-to and opinion texts that two focal MLs produced with their peers. The evaluation of students’ writing …

Closing The Opportunity Gap: A Story Of English Learners And Their True Ability, Natasa Karac

Journal of English Learner Education

When English learners (ELs) are presented with opportunities to participate in enrichment activities, their motivation to learn and their performance mimic those of their non-EL peers. Opportunities that offer authentic engagement and challenge student thinking bring together learners of all profiles to show that their true ability is more than that observed through a lens of standardized test scores. EL academic outcomes can be negatively impacted by limited opportunities offered within academic settings as a result of perceived differences. This text challenges the perspective of standard, remedial English learning program models and calls for a model that truly builds on …

The Effect Of A Standardized Training Program To Enhance The Therapeutic Alliance In Patients With Chronic Low Back Pain: A Mixed Methods Analytical Approach, Marino Bucci, Dominick Haynes, Megan Cundiff

UCF DPT Research Capstone

Background: Chronic low back pain (cLBP) affects up to 84% of adults. Evidence suggests a strong therapeutic alliance (TA) enhances care in a variety of ways. While themes associated with strong alliances have been identified, few studies have provided instructions on utilizing this information to craft a strong TA in physical therapy. Therefore, the aim of this study was to look at the effectiveness and feasibility of a training protocol to enhance the TA in patients with cLBP.

Methods: A total of 19 practicing physical therapists and 16 physical therapy students completed a TA training course with a pre and …

Identifying Ceramics At Penny Site (8br158) And Its Impact On Dating Techniques, Kate Torres

Penny Site Reporting and Archiving

This document is a student report containing an examination of the relationship between ceramics found at the Penny site (8BR158) and archaeological dating.

Preliminary Analysis Of Shell At The Penny Site (8br158), Mel Jordan

Penny Site Reporting and Archiving

This document is a student report containing a preliminary analysis of the kinds of shell remains found at the Penny site (8BR158).