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University of Central Florida

2021

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Roosevelts "Tree Army": The Civilian Conservation Corps In Florida, Jerrell H. Shofner Dec 2021

Roosevelts "Tree Army": The Civilian Conservation Corps In Florida, Jerrell H. Shofner

Florida Historical Quarterly

The Civilian Conservation Corps— officially known as Emergency Conservation Work until 1937— was one of President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s favorite New Deal programs and certainly one of the most popular among the American people. Roosevelt saw great opportunities in the prospect of an agency which would help stimulate the devastated economy of the nation while salvaging two of its most valuable resources, the land and the nation’s youth. At the president’s urging, Congress enacted a law on March 31, 1933, authorizing emergency conservation work in which 300,000 young men could be employed in wholesome work preserving the nation’s natural resources. …


"Yonder Come Day": Religious Dimensions Of The Transition From Slavery To Freedom In Florida, Robert L. Hall Dec 2021

"Yonder Come Day": Religious Dimensions Of The Transition From Slavery To Freedom In Florida, Robert L. Hall

Florida Historical Quarterly

The Confederate firing on Fort Sumter in 1861 was a watershed not only in the political and military history of the United States, but also a turning point in its social history. The heady wine of secessionism and the rupturing of lines of communication and calm moral discourse were experienced in some religious polities for more than a decade before the fateful military event. Southern Methodists and Baptists had parted company with their non-southern counterparts by 1845, when, as John Hope Franklin has written, “slavery had become as much a part of the religious orthodoxy of the South as the …


Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society Dec 2021

Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

MAY MANN JENNINGS: FLORIDA’S GENTEEL ACTIVIST, by Linda D. Vance, reviewed by Joan S. Carver; A HISTORY OF THE PRACTICE OF MEDICINE IN MANATEE COUNTY, FLORIDA, by Robert E. King, reviewed by Mark V. Barrow; LA REPÚBLICA DE LAS FLORIDAS: TEXTS AND DOCUMENTS, compiled by David Bushnell, reviewed by Bruce S. Chappell; LETTERS OF DELEGATES TO CONGRESS, 1774 - 1789, VOLUME 11: OCTOBER 1, 1778 - JANUARY 31, 1779, edited by Paul H. Smith, Gerald W. Gawalt, Ronald M. Gephart, and Eugene R. Sheridan, LETTERS OF DELEGATES TO CONGRESS, 1774-1789, VOLUME 12: FEBRUARY 1, 1779 - MARCH 31, 1779, edited …


Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society Dec 2021

Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

JACKSON COUNTY, FLORIDA— A HISTORY, by Jerrell H. Shofner, reviewed by William Warren Rogers; THE LIVES OF VIZCAYA: ANNALS OF A GREAT HOUSE, by Kathryn Chapman Harwood, reviewed by Marcia J. Kanner; EDUCATING HAND AND MIND: A HISTORY OF VOCATIONAL EDUCATION IN FLORIDA, by Robert G. Stakenas, reviewed by Arthur O. White; THE PAPERS OF HENRY LAURENS, VOLUME 10: DECEMBER 12, 1774-JANUARY 4, 1776, edited by David R. Chesnutt, et al., reviewed by J. Leitch Wright, Jr.; BLACK AND WHITE WOMEN OF THE OLD SOUTH. THE PECULIAR SISTERHOOD IN AMERICAN LITERATURE, by Minrose C. Gwin, reviewed by Emma Lou Thornbrough; …


Union Academy: A Freedmen's Bureau School In Gainesville, Florida, Murray D. Laurie Dec 2021

Union Academy: A Freedmen's Bureau School In Gainesville, Florida, Murray D. Laurie

Florida Historical Quarterly

The Union Academy was one of the most important institutions in Gainesville’s black community for over fifty years. It was the town’s first public high school and from its graduating classes came most of Alachua County’s black teachers and black leaders. The facility which housed the Academy was built during Reconstruction by black carpenters who had learned their skill as slaves. Land for the building had been purchased by the school’s board of trustees. A symbol of self-sufficiency and pride for Gainesville’s black citizens for many decades, the Union Academy also represented the value they placed on education.


Brokers, Binders, And Builders: Greater Miami's Boom Of The Mid-1920s, Paul S. George Dec 2021

Brokers, Binders, And Builders: Greater Miami's Boom Of The Mid-1920s, Paul S. George

Florida Historical Quarterly

Six decades have passed since greater Miami and all the rest of Florida were immersed in an orgy of land speculation and a vast array of construction projects referred to as the boom. Miami and its environs were the storm center of the boom, which began to reach fever pitch in 1924. This speculative period crested in the latter part of 1925, when the price of land rose to unheard of heights, and construction commenced on a myriad of ambitious building projects. The boom ended in 1926.


Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society Dec 2021

Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

BLACK EAGLE : GENERAL DANIEL “CHAPPIE " JAMES , J R., by James R. McGovern, reviewed by Jim Haskins; THIS DESTRUCTIVE WAR: THE BRITISH CAMPAIGN IN THE CAROLINAS, 1780-1782, by John S. Pancake, reviewed by Hugh F. Rankin; THE SLAVE'S NARRATIVE, edited by Charles T. Davis and Henry Louis Gates, Jr., reviewed by Larry E. Rivers; WHITE SOCIETY IN THE ANTEBELLUM SOUTH, by Bruce Collins, reviewed by John Hebron Moore; NORTH CAROLINA PLANTERS AND THEIR CHILDREN, 1800-1860, by Jane Turner Censer, reviewed by Cheryll Ann Cody; BLACK MASTERS: A FREE FAMILY OF COLOR IN THE OLD SOUTH, by Michael P. …


"The Nest Of Vile Fanatics": William N. Sheats And The Orange Park School, Joe M. Richardson Dec 2021

"The Nest Of Vile Fanatics": William N. Sheats And The Orange Park School, Joe M. Richardson

Florida Historical Quarterly

When the Orange Park Normal and Industrial School opened October 7, 1891, probably none of the excited participants imagined that within three years the school would incur the wrath of Florida’s superintendent of public instruction and would result in the passage of a state law prohibiting teaching blacks and whites under the same roof. Rather, the school began with enthusiastic community support and the expectation that its influence would reach throughout upper Florida and lower Georgia. The Orange Park school was founded by the American Missionary Association of New York, the most significant benevolent society then engaged in educating blacks. …


Demographic Patterns And Changes In Mid-Seventeenth Century Timucua And Apalchee, John H. Hann Dec 2021

Demographic Patterns And Changes In Mid-Seventeenth Century Timucua And Apalchee, John H. Hann

Florida Historical Quarterly

Surprisingly little is known about the village patterns of northern Florida’s natives prior to their missionization or about the settlement policy followed by the friars during the formation of the Florida mission chains. This is particularly true for the inland missions of Potano, Utina, Ustaca, and Apalachee. There is no evidence that the Florida Franciscans followed the “reduction" approach of their Jesuit contemporaries in the South American mission provinces of Guaira, Itatin, Tape and Paraguay, whose people had a material culture roughly similar to that of North Florida’s missionized tribes. Thus, it is generally assumed that the friars adapted their …


Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society Dec 2021

Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

RACIAL CHANGE AND COMMUNITY CRISIS: ST. AUGUSTINE, FLORIDA, 1877-1980, by David R. Colburn, reviewed by Mary Frances Berry; SIX COLUMNS AND FORT NEW SMYRNA, by Charles W. Bockelman, reviewed by Thomas W. Taylor; FINEST KIND: A CELEBRATION OF A FLORIDA FISHING VILLAGE, by Ben Green, reviewed by Jesse Earle Bowden; SPEEDWAY TO SUNSHINE: THE STORY OF THE FLORIDA EAST COAST RAILWAY, by Seth H. Bramson, reviewed by Edward N. Akin; GIANT TRACKING: WILLIAM DUDLEY CHIPLEY AND OTHER GIANTS OF MEN, by Lillian D. Champion, reviewed by George F. Pearce; PERSPECTIVES ON GULF COAST PREHISTORY, edited by Dave D. Davis, reviewed …


Ready Cash On Easy Terms: Local Responses To The Depression In Lee County, R. Lyn Rainard Dec 2021

Ready Cash On Easy Terms: Local Responses To The Depression In Lee County, R. Lyn Rainard

Florida Historical Quarterly

When the Great Depression spread to southwest Florida, it caught an unprepared population by surprise. In response, the people of Lee County united in an effort to use local public and private resources to alleviate want. Although moderately successful at first, community efforts alone could not surmount the hardship brought by the Depression. Only massive federal aid would accomplish that goal, bringing in its wake, however, other unforeseen results. New Deal programs did reduce economic trauma, but they also fundamentally altered attitudes about the causes of proverty and about the purpose of federal assistance. Ultimately, New Deal grants were used …


Reid V. Barry: The Legal Battle Over The "Best Location" In Orlando, Jane Quinn Dec 2021

Reid V. Barry: The Legal Battle Over The "Best Location" In Orlando, Jane Quinn

Florida Historical Quarterly

The Florida Supreme Court case, Robert R. Reid et al. v. Bishop Patrick Barry, cleared the cloud of title of the Roman Catholic Church to its downtown Orlando property. The final decree in Circuit Court, Seventeenth Judicial Circuit, was announced in Orlando, on June 21, 1927. The judgment also established that in Florida a bishop is a corporation sole and that a deed of property to him and to his successors conveys ownership in the bishop’s corporate capacity. The bishop who was first involved in this lawsuit was John Moore of St. Augustine, who presided over the Catholic Diocese of …


Annual Meeting, Florida Historical Society Dec 2021

Annual Meeting, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

Proceedings of the Eighty-third Meeting of the Florida Historical Society and Florida Historical Confederation Workshops, 1985


Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society Dec 2021

Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

GOVERNOR LEROY COLLINS OF FLORIDA: SPOKESMAN FOR THE NEW SOUTH, by Tom Wagy, reviewed by Manning J. Dauer; HE-COON: THE BOB SIKES STORY, edited by Bobbye Sikes Wicke, reviewed by D. R. “Billy” Matthews; THE MIAMI RIOT OF 1980: CROSSING THE BOUNDS, by Bruce Porter and Marvin Dunn, reviewed by Robert P. Ingalls; MODERN FLORIDA GOVERNMENT, by Anne E. Kelley, reviewed by Allen Morris; RAILS ‘NEATH THE PALMS, by Robert W. Mann, reviewed by Herbert J. Doherty, Jr.; GEORGE WASHINGTON, A BIOGRAPHY, by John R. Alden, reviewed by Aubrey C. Land; THE PAPERS OF HENRY CLAY, VOLUME 8, CANDIDATE , …


A Second Chance: Cary Nicholas And Frontier Florida, Dennis Golladay Dec 2021

A Second Chance: Cary Nicholas And Frontier Florida, Dennis Golladay

Florida Historical Quarterly

On the morning of July 17, 1821, the inhabitants of Pensacola gathered around the town’s public square to witness the ceremony marking the transfer of the Floridas from Spanish to American control. Among the new American residents in the crowd was Cary Nicholas, a thirty-four-year-old transplanted Kentuckian who, like so many others, saw in the territory the prospect for a new start in a life too full of disappointments and failures.


St. Augustine Historical Society, 1883-1983, Thomas Graham Dec 2021

St. Augustine Historical Society, 1883-1983, Thomas Graham

Florida Historical Quarterly

The St. Augustine Historical Society began as an informal gathering of a few individuals who met in the downstairs parlor of the Presbyterian manse on the corner of St. George and Hypolita streets. Dr. Milton Waldo, the Presbyterian minister, would converse on a regular basis with acquaintances who shared his interest in natural history. Because of its casual origin the date of the first Society meeting is uncertain. Dr. Waldo later recalled that he and Charlie Johnson, a local boy who would later be a natural history museum curator in Boston, began meeting together over insect and shell specimens in …


Florida Frontiers Radio Program #448, Dr. Ben Brotemarkle, Florida Historical Society Dec 2021

Florida Frontiers Radio Program #448, Dr. Ben Brotemarkle, Florida Historical Society

Florida Frontiers Radio Transcripts

SEGMENTS | Remembering Harry T. Moore | Gilded Age Entrepreneur Henry Plant | The Surfing Santa's Return


Director's Meeting, Florida Historical Society Dec 2021

Director's Meeting, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

Minutes of the Directors' Meeting of the Florida Historical Society


Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society Dec 2021

Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

FIFTY FEET IN PARADISE: THE BOOMING OF FLORIDA, by David Nolan, reviewed by Jesse Earle Bowden; NEITHER DIES NOR SURRENDERS: A HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY IN FLORIDA, 1867-1970, by Peter D. Klingman, reviewed by David J. Ginzl; CATHOLICISM IN SOUTH FLORIDA, 1868-1968, by Michael J. McNally, reviewed by Joseph D. Cushman, Jr.; MURDER IN MIAMI: AN ANALYSIS OF HOMICIDE PATTERNS AND TRENDS IN DADE COUNTY (MIAMI) FLORIDA, 1917-1983, by William Wilbanks, reviewed by William Maples; ARCHAEOLOGICAL TREASURE: THE SEARCH FOR NUESTRA SENORA DE ATOCHA, by R. Duncan Mathewson, reviewed by Daniel Koski-Karell; LETTERS OF DELEGATES TO CONGRESS 1774-1789, VOLUME …


First League Of Women Voters In Florida: Its Troubled History, Joan S. Carver Dec 2021

First League Of Women Voters In Florida: Its Troubled History, Joan S. Carver

Florida Historical Quarterly

The Florida League of Women Voters cites 1939 as the year of its establishment. In fact, this date marks the founding of the second league of women voters in the state. An earlier organization, the Florida State League of Women Voters (FSLWV) which receives no mention in current league publications, was organized in 1921 and was disaffiliated by the national organization in 1937. The stormy history of the first league illustrates the difficulties women’s organizations in the South experienced in carving out an appropriate role in the political arena in the years following the adoption of the suffrage amendment. It …


Florida's First Women Candidates, Allen Morris Dec 2021

Florida's First Women Candidates, Allen Morris

Florida Historical Quarterly

The nineteenth amendment, the women’s suffrage amendment, having been ratified by the requisite thirty-eight states, was declared a part of the United States Constitution on August 26, 1920. Tennessee cast the deciding vote. The amendment had been first proposed by Congress on June 5, 1915. Florida was not among the thirty-eight states. Ratification did not come in this state until 1969, and then only as a symbolic recognition of the fiftieth anniversary of the Florida League of Women Voters. Florida’s women unsuccessfully had urged their legislators since the 1890s to adopt woman’s suffrage. In 1917 the right to vote in …


History News, Florida Historical Society Dec 2021

History News, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

Announcements and Activities


Juan Baptista De Segura And The Failure Of The Florida Jesuit Mission, 1566-1572, Frank Marotti, Jr. Dec 2021

Juan Baptista De Segura And The Failure Of The Florida Jesuit Mission, 1566-1572, Frank Marotti, Jr.

Florida Historical Quarterly

Eugene Lyon in The Enterprise of Florida states that it is important not to ignore the “private side” of the Spanish conquest of the New World. Despite Lyon’s admonition, the personal aspect of the attempted spiritual conquest of La Florida by the Society of Jesus between 1566 and 1572, particularly its relation to the failure of the apostolic enterprise, remains somewhat neglected. The central hypothesis of this study is that the human frailties of Juan Baptista de Segura, the superior of the Jesuit undertaking, played a major role in an evangelical disaster. Segura, a fascinating idealist, after experiencing frustrating failures …


Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society Dec 2021

Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

TAMPA: THE TREASURE CITY, by Gary R. Mormino and Anthony P. Pizzo, reviewed by Janet Snyder Matthews; MIZNER’S FLORIDA, AMERICAN RESORT ARCHITECTURE, by Donald W. Curl, reviewed by Ivan A. Rodriguez; STETSON UNIVERSITY: THE FIRST 100 YEARS, by Gilbert L. Lycan, reviewed by Charlton W. Tebeau; THEIR NUMBER BECOME THINNED, by Henry F. Dobyns, reviewed by Kathleen A. Deagan; CATHOLICS IN THE OLD SOUTH, edited by Randall M. Miller and Jon L. Wakelyn, reviewed by Michael V. Gannon; JOHN BELL HOOD AND THE WAR FOR SOUTHERN INDEPENDENCE, by Richard M. McMurry, reviewed by K. Jack Bauer; THE SOUTH RETURNS TO …


Military Duty In Antebellum Florida: The Experiences Of John Henry Winder, Arch Fredric Blakey Dec 2021

Military Duty In Antebellum Florida: The Experiences Of John Henry Winder, Arch Fredric Blakey

Florida Historical Quarterly

Two Catholic priests escorted and partially carried a dying man to the gallows at the Old Capital Prison in Washington, D.C. The condemned man was Heinrich Hartmann Wirz. Branded by his executioners as the “beast of Andersonville prison,” he was hanged on November 10, 1865. He had been found guilty of conspiring to murder Union prisoners and was executed as a war criminal, the only such casualty of the Civil War.


Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society Dec 2021

Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

THE OLDEST CITY, edited by Jean Parker Waterbury, reviewed by Eugene Lyon; SPANISH ST. AUGUSTINE: THE ARCHAEOLOGY OF A COLONIAL CREOLE COMMUNITY, By Kathleen Deagan, reviewed by John S. Otto; FORT LAUDERDALE AND BROWARD COUNTY, by Stuart B. McIver, reviewed by Thelma Peters; EDGE OF WILDERNESS: A SETTLEMENT HISTORY OF MANATEE RIVER AND SARASOTA BAY, by Janet Snyder Matthews, reviewed by Steven F. Lawson; THE PLOT TO STEAL FLORIDA: JAMES MADISON’S PHONY WAR, by Joseph Burkholder Smith, reviewed by J. Leitch Wright, Jr.; DOGS OF THE CONQUEST, by John Grier Varner and Jeanette Johnson Varner, reviewed by Amy Turner Bushnell; …


History News, Florida Historical Society Dec 2021

History News, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

The Annual Meeting, Florida Historical Confederation, Society of Florida Archivists, Gulf Coast History and Humanities Conference, Military History Conference, Preservation Day, Tampa Bay History Essay Contest, Historical Museum, Timucua, Announcements and Activities, Obituaries


Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society Dec 2021

Book Reviews, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

BECALMED IN THE MULLET LATITUDES, AL BURT’S FLORIDA, by Al Burt, reviewed by E. W. Carswell; FROM SCRATCH PADS AND DREAMS: A TEN YEAR HISTORY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH FLORIDA, by Daniel L. Schafer, reviewed by James P. Jones; THE PAPERS OF HENRY CLAY, VOLUME 7, SECRETARY OF STATE, JANUARY 1, 1828-MARCH 4, 1829, edited by Robert Seager II, reviewed by Edwin A. Miles; LIBERTY AND SLAVERY: SOUTHERN POLITICS TO 1860, by William J. Cooper, Jr., reviewed by F. N. Boney; THE RULING RACE, A HISTORY OF AMERICAN SLAVEHOLDERS, by James Oakes, reviewed by Julia Floyd Smith; BLACK SOUTHERNERS, …


Changing Face Of Jacksonville, Florida: 1900-1910, James B. Crooks Dec 2021

Changing Face Of Jacksonville, Florida: 1900-1910, James B. Crooks

Florida Historical Quarterly

Compelled by a devastating fire, May 3, 1901, that laid waste to most of downtown, Jacksonville not only rebuilt, but changed notably in other ways during the first decade of the twentieth century. Its population more than doubled. New or expanding suburbs, skyscrapers, hotels, theaters, automobiles, streetcar lines, parks, and city services reflected urban development. Substantial economic growth took place in banking, trade, and transportation. Public and private efforts to provide health, education, and human services increased. In addition, the community’s popular culture became more diversified.


From Orange To Green "Gold": The Roots Of The Asparagus Fern Industry In Florida, Robert D. Manning Dec 2021

From Orange To Green "Gold": The Roots Of The Asparagus Fern Industry In Florida, Robert D. Manning

Florida Historical Quarterly

Central Florida was a sparsely settled frontier at the end of Reconstruction. In the 1870s and 1880s, however, an influx of pioneers transformed this wilderness into a loose network of settlements. These early communities were linked by the steamships that navigated the St. Johns and Oklawaha rivers down through the chain-of-lakes— Lake Griffin, Haines Creek, Lake Eustis, Dead River, and Lake Harris.1 This river freight route, which ran from Jacksonville to Yalaha, soon became obsolete with the expansion of the railroad in the 1870s; regional development was no longer restricted by geographic proximity to navigable bodies of water. The increasing …