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Investigating The Effect Of Stratospheric Radiation On Seed Germination And Growth, B. N. Fong, K. V. Newhouse, M. J. Huss, E. Roberts, J. T. Kennon, H. Ali Jan 2015

Investigating The Effect Of Stratospheric Radiation On Seed Germination And Growth, B. N. Fong, K. V. Newhouse, M. J. Huss, E. Roberts, J. T. Kennon, H. Ali

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Three seed types: bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), corn (Zea mays) and radish (Raphanus sativus) were flown in a high altitude weather balloon into the mid-stratosphere to investigate the effects of high altitude radiation on germination success and seedling growth. After recovering and planting the seeds, the bean seeds showed lower germination success with exposure to high altitude radiation, and consequently stunted seedling growth. Cord and radish seeds experienced a statistically significant positive effect on germination success form radiation exposure compared to control seeds, but negative effect on seedling growth. Overall, the field experiments presented here support laboratory studies that show radiation …

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Arkansas Endemic Flora And Fauna An Update With 13 Additional Species, H. W. Robison, C. T. Mcallister Jan 2015

Arkansas Endemic Flora And Fauna An Update With 13 Additional Species, H. W. Robison, C. T. Mcallister

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Arkansas supports a diverse variety of endemic biota with most found in the Interior Highlands (Ozarks and Ouachitas) of the state. Since 1988, several compilations have updated the number of endemics known while some former endemic species have been found in other states and subsequently removed from the state list. Here, update to the list by adding 13 taxa, several of which are fish parasites, making a grand total of 139 current endemic species in Arkansas.

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Case Of Frugivory In A Green Treefrog (Hyla Cinerea) From Northeastern Arkansas, C. S. Thigpen, S. E. Trauth, T. D. Marsico Jan 2015

Case Of Frugivory In A Green Treefrog (Hyla Cinerea) From Northeastern Arkansas, C. S. Thigpen, S. E. Trauth, T. D. Marsico

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

An adult green treefrog (Hyla cinerea) was collected in mid-September 2014 from Jonesboro, Craighead County, Arkansas. Contents included the remains of a beetle and two fruits. The contents were photographed, measured, and identified to the lowest achievable taxonomic level. The beetle was identified as a spotted cucumber beetle (Diabrotica undecimpuncta howardi Barber [Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae]). The fruits were identified as Persicaria sp. (likely P.punctata (Elliot) Small; Polygonaceae) and Oryza sativa L. (Poaceae). Fruits in the stomachs of frogs are rarely reported in the literature, but could represent possible mechanisms for seed dispersal in plants. It is unknown if frogs select to …

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Low-Level Mercury Causes Inappropriate Activation In T And B Lymphocytes In The Absence Of Antigen Stimulation, K. L. Weigand, J. L. Reno, B. M. Rowley Jan 2015

Low-Level Mercury Causes Inappropriate Activation In T And B Lymphocytes In The Absence Of Antigen Stimulation, K. L. Weigand, J. L. Reno, B. M. Rowley

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

The immune system primarily utilizes two cell types for adaptive immunity: T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes. T lymphocytes are activated when antigen presenting cells (APCs) present antigen to membrane-bound T cell receptors. B lymphocytes are activated when an antigen binds to receptors embedded in the plasma membrane. In both T and B cells this antigen binding crosslinks the receptor complexes and initiates the signal transduction cascade. These cascades frequently consist of a series of intracellular molecules becoming phosphorylated in a step-wise fashion. Once activated, these cells differentiate into effector cells that clear out the stimulating antigen. Mercury, which is a …

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Foraging Behavior Of Swainson's Thrushes (Catharus Ustulatus) During Spring Migration Through Arkansas, S. Wiley, R. Kannan, D. A. James, A. Deshwal Jan 2015

Foraging Behavior Of Swainson's Thrushes (Catharus Ustulatus) During Spring Migration Through Arkansas, S. Wiley, R. Kannan, D. A. James, A. Deshwal

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Foraging behavior of Swainson’s Thrushes on spring migration was studied in western Arkansas in the spring of 2013 and 2014. Observations were made in two forested field sites, one of them urban and the other suburban. The former had a significantly higher woody stem area (cm2) than the latter. For each foraging observation, the following three parameters were noted: Foraging Stratum (Ground, Shrub, Sapling, Sub canopy, and Canopy); Foraging Substrate (Ground/Litter, Herb, Foliage, Bark, and Air); and Foraging Maneuver (Glean, Probe, Dive/Glean, Hover, Jump Hover, and Hawking). We tested the hypotheses that these foraging variables differed significantly between the urban …

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New County Record Of Black-Spot Disease In Arkansas, C. S. Thigpen, S. E. Trauth, L. I. Bagwell, J. D. Konvalina, S. A. Schratz Jan 2015

New County Record Of Black-Spot Disease In Arkansas, C. S. Thigpen, S. E. Trauth, L. I. Bagwell, J. D. Konvalina, S. A. Schratz

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

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Title Of A Paper Prepared For The Arkansas Academy Of Science Journal [Instructions For Prospective Authors], Academy Editors Jan 2015

Title Of A Paper Prepared For The Arkansas Academy Of Science Journal [Instructions For Prospective Authors], Academy Editors

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

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Contents, Discovery Editors Jan 2015

Contents, Discovery Editors

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

No abstract provided.

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Discovery: The Student Journal Of Dale Bumpers College Of Agricultural, Food And Life Sciences - Volume 16 2015, Several Authors Jan 2015

Discovery: The Student Journal Of Dale Bumpers College Of Agricultural, Food And Life Sciences - Volume 16 2015, Several Authors

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

No abstract provided.

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Natural Nutrient Sources In The Cache River Watershed, Arkansas, M. K. Kilmer, N. Poe, S. Chappell, J. L. Bouldin Jan 2015

Natural Nutrient Sources In The Cache River Watershed, Arkansas, M. K. Kilmer, N. Poe, S. Chappell, J. L. Bouldin

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

The growth of the hypoxic ‘dead zone’ in the Gulf of Mexico in recent years has placed increased focus on potential sources of nutrient pollution, with most of the focus being placed on watersheds where practices, including fertilizer application and land alterations combine to increase non-point source runoff. In this study, nutrient concentrations in surface waters of altered and unaltered areas of the Cache River Watershed, Arkansas, were compared to determine if agricultural land usage was responsible for the majority of nutrient inputs. Results suggest that for dissolved nitrites and orthophosphates, agricultural (altered) sites contribute significantly more than relatively unaltered …

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Red Crossbill Invasion Of Northwestern Arkansas During 2012-2013, K. G. Smith, J. C. Neal, M. A. Young Jan 2015

Red Crossbill Invasion Of Northwestern Arkansas During 2012-2013, K. G. Smith, J. C. Neal, M. A. Young

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

An irruption of Red Crossbills (Loxia curvirostra) occurred in primarily northwestern Arkansas starting in November of 2012 and lasting to the end of May of 2013. Based on recordings of call notes, most birds around Fayetteville were Type 2, the large-billed ponderosa pine crossbill, associated with a variety of conifer species. Birds recorded in Carroll County were Type 3, the small-billed western hemlock crossbill, and they were associated with small cones on shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata). One recording was obtained in Fayetteville of Type 5, the lodgepole pine crossbill, only the third recording east of the Great Plains. Crossbills at …

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Bioethanol: Feedstock Alternatives, Pretreatments,Lignin Chemistry, And The Potential For Green Value-Added Lignin Co-Products, Ruben Michael Ceballos, N. A. Batchenkova, M.K. Y. Chan, A. X. Duffing-Romero, A. E. Nelson, S. Man Jan 2015

Bioethanol: Feedstock Alternatives, Pretreatments,Lignin Chemistry, And The Potential For Green Value-Added Lignin Co-Products, Ruben Michael Ceballos, N. A. Batchenkova, M.K. Y. Chan, A. X. Duffing-Romero, A. E. Nelson, S. Man

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

Major challenges still exist in the cost-competitive production of cellulosic ethanol. Lignocellulose deconstruction using physiochemical pretreatments continues to be the most efficient way to remove lignin and expose cellulose for enzyme-mediated sugar reduction. Recent interest in the development of “value-added” lignin co-products and the desire to reduce the use of hazardous materials has prompted a resurgence of interest in alternative lignocellulosic feedstock and research into environment-friendly biological pretreatments. This article provides an overview of bioethanol processes and economics, standard and alternative feedstocks, physiochemical and biological pretreatments, and lignin chemistry. The chemistry and mode of action of ligninolytic and cellulolytic enzymes …

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Use Of Endocrine And Immune Responses As Predictors Of Bull Sperm Motility, Lydia Mitchener, Rick Rorie, Michael Looper, Charles Rosenkrans Jr. Jan 2015

Use Of Endocrine And Immune Responses As Predictors Of Bull Sperm Motility, Lydia Mitchener, Rick Rorie, Michael Looper, Charles Rosenkrans Jr.

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

Research has shown that peripheral blood cell populations change in response to an immune challenge, and hormone concentrations directly affect sperm characteristics. The objective of this study was to utilize immune responses and hormone concentrations as biomarkers for yearling bull sperm motility. Seventeen Brahman-influenced bulls (mean age 1.1 ± 0.1 yr; body weight 478 ± 38 kg) were administered an intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (Salmonella typhimirium 0.7 µg/kg of body weight). Blood was collected 0, 3, 6, 9, and 24 h after LPS injection then analyzed for differential cell count and endocrine concentrations of prolactin, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF), and …

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Bumpers College Students In Action, Discovery Editors Jan 2015

Bumpers College Students In Action, Discovery Editors

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

No abstract provided.

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Letter From The Dean, Michael Vayda Jan 2015

Letter From The Dean, Michael Vayda

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

No abstract provided.

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Nutrient Competition Between Algae And Juncus Effusus In The Lake Fayetteville Artificial Spiral Wetland, Toryn Jones, Thad Scott Jan 2015

Nutrient Competition Between Algae And Juncus Effusus In The Lake Fayetteville Artificial Spiral Wetland, Toryn Jones, Thad Scott

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

There is insufficient research focusing exclusively on how nutrient competition between algae and wetland macrophytes affects the growth of these species. This study examined the relationship between nutrient concentrations (N and P), algal concentrations, and the growth of Juncus effusus. Juncus effusus growth in the Lake Fayetteville artificial spiral wetland was monitored over a four month period during the prime growing season. Eighteen plants were taken from the wetland and replanted in 1 of 6 treatments: plant-only, algae-only, combined, plant-only +supplement, algaeonly +supplement, or combined +supplement. The algae and combined environments received an inoculation of algae, and the +supplement treatments …

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Conjugated Linoleic Acid-Rich Chocolate Paste Production And Characterization, Sarah Mayfield, Davy Van De Walle, Claudia Delbaere, Sara Shinn, Andrew Proctor, Koen Dewettinck, Ashok Patel Jan 2015

Conjugated Linoleic Acid-Rich Chocolate Paste Production And Characterization, Sarah Mayfield, Davy Van De Walle, Claudia Delbaere, Sara Shinn, Andrew Proctor, Koen Dewettinck, Ashok Patel

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is an 18-carbon fatty acid with multiple health benefits, including anti-obesity and anti-carcinogenic properties. CLA-rich soy oil (CLARSO) can be produced through a heterogeneous catalysis process, and this oil was previously used to produce CLA-rich margarines and shortenings. The objective of this study was to produce CLA-rich chocolate pastes by replacing a portion of the fat with CLARSO and compare the rheological (flow), textural, and thermal properties of these pastes to controls made with either soy oil or traditional fats. CLARSO was used to prepare pastes. Rheology, firmness, and thermal behavior of the pastes were determined. …

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Intake And Digestibility Of Tall Fescue Supplemented With Co-Product Feeds, Omega J. Sanders, Kenneth P. Coffey, Ashley N. Young, Kristopher A. Bottoms Jan 2015

Intake And Digestibility Of Tall Fescue Supplemented With Co-Product Feeds, Omega J. Sanders, Kenneth P. Coffey, Ashley N. Young, Kristopher A. Bottoms

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

Cows offered low quality hay require supplementation to meet their nutritional requirements. Our objective was to determine the impact of supplementation with soybean hulls (SH), distiller’s dried grains with solubles (DDGS), or a 50:50 mixture of each (MIX) at 0.5% of body weight on ruminal fermentation characteristics and in situ forage disappearance in lactating (n = 3) and non-lactating (n = 3) ruminally cannulated cows (679 ± 18.7 kg body weight). Tall fescue was offered free-choice from large round bales for 6, 21-d periods. Dacron bags containing ground fescue hay were placed into the rumen of each cow at specified …

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Earthworm Populations In A Wheat-Soybean Double-Crop System Under Seven Years Of Established Residue Management Practices, Jill Thomason, Mary Savin, Kristofor Brye, Donn T. Johnson Jan 2015

Earthworm Populations In A Wheat-Soybean Double-Crop System Under Seven Years Of Established Residue Management Practices, Jill Thomason, Mary Savin, Kristofor Brye, Donn T. Johnson

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

Earthworms improve soil structure, distribute litter and microbes, stimulate microbial activity, facilitate decomposition, and increase nitrogen (N) availability for plant growth. Earthworm density is often reduced in low organic matter soils that are intensively managed to grow row crops. This study was designed to relate earthworm density and community composition to residue management after seven years of established management practices in a wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)-soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) double-crop system maintained in Marianna, Ark. Residue management practices included conventional tillage (CT) and no-tillage (NT), N fertilization to produce high and low wheat residue amounts left in the field, …

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Introduction Of Florida Bass Alleles Into Largemouth Bass Inhabiting Northeastarkansas Stream Systems, W. J. Brockway, Ronald L. Johnson Jan 2015

Introduction Of Florida Bass Alleles Into Largemouth Bass Inhabiting Northeastarkansas Stream Systems, W. J. Brockway, Ronald L. Johnson

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Florida bass (Micropterus floridanus) have been introduced throughout much of the southern U.S. over the past 50 years. This species readily hybridizes with the extant largemouth bass (M. salmoides). Within Arkansas, the Florida bass is currently stocked in the southern half of the state. Previous studies of a northern Arkansas hatchery and a reservoir revealed the existence of Florida bass alleles in each. Other studies in Oklahoma and Texas have revealed the presence of Florida bass alleles in stream systems proximal to lakes stocked. Our goal was to investigate, using microsatellite analysis of 7 diagnostic loci, the presence of Florida …

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Coccidia (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) Of Three-Toed Box Turtles, Terrapene Carolina Triunguis (Reptilia: Testudines), From Arkansas And Oklahoma, C. T. Mcallister, D. Motriuk-Smith, R. S. Seville, C. Hudson, M. B. Connior, H. W. Robison Jan 2015

Coccidia (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) Of Three-Toed Box Turtles, Terrapene Carolina Triunguis (Reptilia: Testudines), From Arkansas And Oklahoma, C. T. Mcallister, D. Motriuk-Smith, R. S. Seville, C. Hudson, M. B. Connior, H. W. Robison

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

We collected 50 three-toed box turtles (Terrapene carolina triunguis) from 9 counties of Arkansas and 4 counties of Oklahoma, and examined their feces for coccidial parasites. Nine of 24 (38%) turtles from Arkansas and 8 of 26 (31%) from Oklahoma were found to be passing oocysts of Eimeria ornata. This represents two new geographic distributional records for this coccidian. Measurements of individual isolates of E. ornate as well as morphological characteristics are provided with comparison to its original description and to another Terrapene coccidian, Eimeria carri. In addition, we noted an adelid pseudoparasite being passed by a single T. c. …

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Testicular Histology And Sperm Morphometrics Of The Bird-Voiced Treefrog, Hyla Avivoca (Anura: Hylidae), From Arkansas, S. E. Trauth, C. S. Thigpen, M. B. Connior Jan 2015

Testicular Histology And Sperm Morphometrics Of The Bird-Voiced Treefrog, Hyla Avivoca (Anura: Hylidae), From Arkansas, S. E. Trauth, C. S. Thigpen, M. B. Connior

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

We examined the testicular histology and spermatozoal dimensions of the bird-voiced treefrog, Hyla avivoca (Anura: Hylidae), from samples collected in May, June, and July from localities in three counties (Calhoun, Conway, and Little River) in Arkansas. Calling frogs were necropsied in the lab, and testes were prepared for light and scanning electron microscopy. Spermatocysts within seminiferous tubules of all males contained large aggregates of spermatozoa. Primary spermatogonia, the largest of all germ cells, ranged from 13.3 – 17.8 μm in diameter (= 15.37 ± 1.22; n = 20). Measurements of sperm dimensions yielded the following length parameters (range, mean ± …

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Vertebrate Natural History Notes From Arkansas, 2015, C. Renn Tumlison, M. B. Connior, H. W. Robison, C. T. Mcallister, L. A. Durden, D. Blake Sasse, D. A. Saugey Jan 2015

Vertebrate Natural History Notes From Arkansas, 2015, C. Renn Tumlison, M. B. Connior, H. W. Robison, C. T. Mcallister, L. A. Durden, D. Blake Sasse, D. A. Saugey

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Many important details of vertebrate biology are unknown to the scientific community because the observations are not part of a larger theoretical study. Yet, knowledge of such details not only fills gaps in understanding but also creates a framework for hypothesis building. We have collected observations of importance that can add to the growth of knowledge. Compiled here are important recent observations representing all vertebrate classes in Arkansas.

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Acanthocephalan Parasites Of Select Fishes (Catostomidae, Centrarchidae, Cyprinidae, Ictaluridae), From The Arkansas And White River Drainages, Arkansas, C. T. Mcallister, M. A. Barger, T. J. Fayton, M. B. Connior, D. A. Neely, H. W. Robison Jan 2015

Acanthocephalan Parasites Of Select Fishes (Catostomidae, Centrarchidae, Cyprinidae, Ictaluridae), From The Arkansas And White River Drainages, Arkansas, C. T. Mcallister, M. A. Barger, T. J. Fayton, M. B. Connior, D. A. Neely, H. W. Robison

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

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Helminth Parasites Of The Blackspotted Topminnow, Fundulus Olivaceus (Cyprinodontiformes: Fundulidae), From The Interior Highlands Of Arkansas, C. T. Mcallister, C. R. Bursey, T. J. Fayton, W. F. Font, H. W. Robison, M. B. Connior, D. G. Cloutman Jan 2015

Helminth Parasites Of The Blackspotted Topminnow, Fundulus Olivaceus (Cyprinodontiformes: Fundulidae), From The Interior Highlands Of Arkansas, C. T. Mcallister, C. R. Bursey, T. J. Fayton, W. F. Font, H. W. Robison, M. B. Connior, D. G. Cloutman

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

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Crepidostomum Cornutum (Digenea: Allocreadiidae) From Midget Crayfish, Orconectes (Procericambarus) Nana (Decapoda: Cambaridae), From Northwestern Arkansas, C. T. Mcallister, W. F. Font, H. W. Robison Jan 2015

Crepidostomum Cornutum (Digenea: Allocreadiidae) From Midget Crayfish, Orconectes (Procericambarus) Nana (Decapoda: Cambaridae), From Northwestern Arkansas, C. T. Mcallister, W. F. Font, H. W. Robison

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

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New Host And County Records Of The Fish Leech Cystobranchus Klemmi (Hirudinida: Piscicolidae) In Arkansas, C. S. Thigpen, S. E. Trauth, L. I. Bagwell, J. D. Konvalina, S. A. Schratz, C. T. Mcallister, D. E. Moser, D. J. Richardson, H. W. Robison Jan 2015

New Host And County Records Of The Fish Leech Cystobranchus Klemmi (Hirudinida: Piscicolidae) In Arkansas, C. S. Thigpen, S. E. Trauth, L. I. Bagwell, J. D. Konvalina, S. A. Schratz, C. T. Mcallister, D. E. Moser, D. J. Richardson, H. W. Robison

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

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New Records And Life History Observations Of The American Badger (Taxidea Taxus) In Arkansas, R. Tumlison, D. B. Sasse Jan 2015

New Records And Life History Observations Of The American Badger (Taxidea Taxus) In Arkansas, R. Tumlison, D. B. Sasse

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

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Recent History Of Mountain Lion (Puma Concolor) Observations In Arkansas, With Notes On The Individual Killed In Bradley County, Arkansas In 2014, R. Tumlison, M. Barbee Jan 2015

Recent History Of Mountain Lion (Puma Concolor) Observations In Arkansas, With Notes On The Individual Killed In Bradley County, Arkansas In 2014, R. Tumlison, M. Barbee

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

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Atypical Head Markings Of The Ouachita Map Turtle (Graptemys Ouachitensis) In The Upper Ouachita River Of Arkansas, R. Tumlison, A. Surf Jan 2015

Atypical Head Markings Of The Ouachita Map Turtle (Graptemys Ouachitensis) In The Upper Ouachita River Of Arkansas, R. Tumlison, A. Surf

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

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