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The Social Network: An Analysis Of The Use Of Facebook By Nonprofit Organizations In The South, Meghan Ann Hauswirth Jan 2010

The Social Network: An Analysis Of The Use Of Facebook By Nonprofit Organizations In The South, Meghan Ann Hauswirth

All ETDs from UAB

Facebook has become a social networking phenomenon. Investigation into the specific features that Facebook offers nonprofits is vital to determining whether the benefits of having a Facebook presence outweigh the costs. Given the current economic climate and the fact that nonprofits are always looking for ways to expand their client base in the most efficient and cost effective ways possible, alternate ways to interact with constituents and reach new ones should be considered This descriptive analysis seeks to build upon the total body of work by examining nonprofit organizations knowledge, attitudes and behaviors regarding Facebook. A sam-ple of 400 nonprofit …

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O-Glcnac Transferase Modulates Jnk1 And Foxo4 Transcription Factor To Resist Acute Oxidative Stress, Shiuh-Rong Ho Jan 2010

O-Glcnac Transferase Modulates Jnk1 And Foxo4 Transcription Factor To Resist Acute Oxidative Stress, Shiuh-Rong Ho

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O-GlcNAcylation is an abundant and dynamic post-translational modification on serine and threonine residues of nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins. O-GlcNAc Transferase (OGT) and Nuclear Cytoplasmic O-GlcNAcase and Acetyltransferase (NCOAT) are the only two enzymes and major regulators in this process. In the past two decades, many studies have demonstrated its important modulation roles in nutrient sensing, protein turnover, cell cycle progression, transcription, translation as well as stress resistance. Among these biological functions, the understanding of O-GlcNAcylation dependent oxidative stress is relatively unknown. This study aims to examine the effects of O-GlcNAcylation on JNK1 and FOXO4 transcription factors under acute oxidative stress …

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Biophysical Studies On Human Telomeric G-Quadruplex Dna: Characterization Of Ligand And Protein Interactions, Jason Scott Hudson Jan 2010

Biophysical Studies On Human Telomeric G-Quadruplex Dna: Characterization Of Ligand And Protein Interactions, Jason Scott Hudson

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G-quadruplex DNAs are higher order nucleic acid structures that have been implicated in the regulation of a number of vital biological processes, including gene transcription and telomeric extension. Guanine rich sequences that are capable of forming G-quadruplex structure are found in the telomeres of chromosomes. The presence of the G-quadruplex structure prevents the binding of telomerase and inhibits the telomeric extension that would result in the immortality of cancer cells. This dissertation describes research that is focused on the biophysical characterization of the G-quadruplex and interactions with a ligand and protein. The anticancer compound, actinomycin D, is demonstrated to bind …

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Functional Determinants Of The Porin Mspa And Its Role In Permeabilizing Mycobacterial Outer Membranes, Jason Huff Jan 2010

Functional Determinants Of The Porin Mspa And Its Role In Permeabilizing Mycobacterial Outer Membranes, Jason Huff

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Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infects one third of the global population and causes approximately 2,000,000 Tuberculosis-related deaths annually. Mycobacteria are Gram positive organisms but contain a unique outer membrane (OM) which is functionally similar but structurally different from those of Gram negative bacteria. The mycobacterial OM presents an efficient permeability barrier towards hydrophilic solutes. Slow permeation kinetics of hydrophilic molecules through membranes and several discoveries of cell wall channel-forming proteins indicate that mycobacterial OMs are functionalized by proteins. MspA is the primary porin of M. smegmatis and mediates diffusion of small, hydrophilic nutrients and antibiotics across the OM. Unlike porins of …

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Weapon Brandishment Among Impoverished Adolescents: A Longitudinal Approach, Alexis Magdalene Inabinet Jan 2010

Weapon Brandishment Among Impoverished Adolescents: A Longitudinal Approach, Alexis Magdalene Inabinet

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Violence has become increasingly more difficult to ignore in the United States, with homicide and suicide rates among American adolescents being the highest in the world. Firearm deaths have skyrocketed, including unintentional injuries, homicides and suicides; American adolescents are more likely to die from gunshot wounds than all natural causes combined. With homicide continuing to rank as the second leading cause of death among youth, research must focus on diminishing weapon brandishment. Based on prior research and a developmental systems approach to violent behavior, this study explores individual influences on adolescent weapon carrying, including perception of danger, hopelessness, and conflict …

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Role Of The Human Cytomegalovirus Tegument Protein Pp150 In The Trafficking And Assembly Of Infectious Virions, Sabarish Vellatheri Indran Jan 2010

Role Of The Human Cytomegalovirus Tegument Protein Pp150 In The Trafficking And Assembly Of Infectious Virions, Sabarish Vellatheri Indran

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Human cytomegalovirus, a ubiquitous human pathogen, establishes a persistent infection in the infected host. HCMV assembly takes place in the nucleus and cytoplasm of infected cells by a complex and incompletely defined process. The viral DNA is enclosed by the capsid, which is surrounded by a proteinaceous tegument, which is covered by a cell-derived envelope studded with viral glycoproteins. The assembly pathway and protein interactions required for formation of the tegument layer and the function of most of the proteins in the tegument remain poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the functions of an essential abundant tegument protein, pp150, …

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An Exploratory Study Of Servant Leadership In An Urban School District, Heather Claibon Jackson Jan 2010

An Exploratory Study Of Servant Leadership In An Urban School District, Heather Claibon Jackson

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AN EXPLORATORY STUDY OF SERVANT LEADERSHIP AMONG SCHOOL LEADERS IN AN URBAN SCHOOL DISTRICT HEATHER CLAIBON JACKSON EDUCATIONAL LEADERSHIP ABSTRACT The purpose of this quasi-experimental mixed-methods study was to determine if servant leadership was present in the research setting, the relationship between the scored Servant Leadership Profile Revised (SLPR) and selected demographic and professional variables, and the perceptions and professional practices of servant leadership among school leaders. The participants (n = 74) consisted of school leaders in an academically and financially challenged urban school district in a southern state. As measured by the SLPR instrument (Page & Wong, 2003), approximately …

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Molecular Mechanisms Of Hepatic Insulin Resistance Following Injury, Shaoning Jiang Jan 2010

Molecular Mechanisms Of Hepatic Insulin Resistance Following Injury, Shaoning Jiang

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Insulin resistance commonly occurs following injuries or critical illness independent of previous diabetic status. The development of insulin resistance and hyperglycemia is associated with increased mortality and morbidity in critically ill patients. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the acute insulin resistance following injuries remain poorly understood. With an animal model of trauma and hemorrhage, we have previously demonstrated the rapid development of insulin resistance in liver, and a critical role of TNFα in hemorrhage-induced defects in insulin signaling following resuscitation. However, hepat-ic insulin signaling is impaired prior to a significant increase in plasma TNFα, suggesting the initial development of hemorrhage-induced …

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In Vitro Elucidation Of The Role And Mechanism Of Rankl In Tnf-And Il-1-Mediated Osteoclast Formation And Function, Joel Jules Jan 2010

In Vitro Elucidation Of The Role And Mechanism Of Rankl In Tnf-And Il-1-Mediated Osteoclast Formation And Function, Joel Jules

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The receptor activator of NF-қB (RANK) ligand (RANKL) and its receptor RANK play a critical role in osteoclast biology. RANK has three tumor necrosis factor receptor associated factor (TRAF)-binding motifs [PFQEP369-373 (Motif 1), PVQEET559-564 (Motif 2), and PVQEQG604-609 (Motif 3)] that regulate osteoclast formation and function. RANK also contains a TRAF-independent motif (IVVY535-538) that commits bone marrow macrophages (BMMs), which are osteoclast precursors, to the osteoclast lineage for osteoclastogenesis. Notably, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF) and interlukin-1 (IL-1) utilize TRAFs to initiate most of the signaling pathways known to be activated by RANKL but fail to form osteoclasts unless attended by …

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Conformationally Restrained Metallacrown Ethers As Catalysts For The Hydroformylation Of Alkenes, Abha Kaisare Jan 2010

Conformationally Restrained Metallacrown Ethers As Catalysts For The Hydroformylation Of Alkenes, Abha Kaisare

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CONFORMATIONALLY RESTRAINED METALLACROWN ETHERS AS CATALYSTS FOR THE HYDROFORMYLATION OF ALKENES Abha A. Kaisare CHEMISTRY ABSTRACT Chapter1 of this dissertation explores, the monodentatephosphite/ether ligand, (2,2'-C12H8O2)POCH2CH2OCH3 for the in situ hydroformylation of styrene in the presence and absence of alkali metal salts. The catalytic studies with this ligand demonstrate that both the activity and regioselectivity of the catalyst are sensitive to the ligand:Rh molar ratio and to the presence of salts such as LiBPh4*3dme, NaBPh4 and HgCl2. Model complexes for various steps in the catalytic cycle, cis-Mo(CO)4(2,2'-C12H8O2)POCH2CH2OCH3)2, cis-PtCl2(2,2'-C12H8O2)POCH2CH2OCH3)2, and PdCl2(2,2'-C12H8O2)POCH2CH2OCH3)2, have been synthesized and characterized to provide insight into the factors …

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Role Of Epithelial Sodium Channel And Acid Sensing Ion Channel In Glioblastoma Multiforme, Niren Kapoor Jan 2010

Role Of Epithelial Sodium Channel And Acid Sensing Ion Channel In Glioblastoma Multiforme, Niren Kapoor

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Glioblastoma Multifrome is the most common and aggressive of the primary brain tumors. These tumors express multiple members of the Epithelial Sodium Channel (ENaC)/Degenerin (Deg) family, associated with a basally active amiloride sensitive cation current. We hypothesize that this glioma current is mediated by a hybrid channel composed of a mixture of Epithelial Sodium Channel (ENaC) and Acid Sensing Ion Channel (ASIC) subunits. To test this hypothesis we made dominant negative cDNAs for ASIC1, αENaC, and γENaC. D54-MG glioma cells transfected with the dominant negative constructs for ASIC1, αENaC, or γENaC showed reduced protein expression for each of the specific …

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Young Children's Ways Of Playing "Concentration" (A Card Game), Tsuguhiko Kato Jan 2010

Young Children's Ways Of Playing "Concentration" (A Card Game), Tsuguhiko Kato

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To explain why preschool children play a card game, Concentration illogically, 108 three-to-six-year-olds from a child care center and an elementary school in a Southern state were interviewed individually. At the beginning of the game, children were asked to match seven pairs of cards. The pairs were then separated into two rows each consisting of seven different cards. After the cards were turned face down and mixed within each row, three-year-olds often played Concentration by selecting two cards from the same row rather than one card from each row. On the basis of Piaget's theory, I hypothesized that children's low …

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Identification And Characterization Of Downstream Target Genes Of The Bmp Signaling Pathway, Nam Chul Kim Jan 2010

Identification And Characterization Of Downstream Target Genes Of The Bmp Signaling Pathway, Nam Chul Kim

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During nervous system development, neurons proliferate, differentiate, project their axons to their targets and make synapses with them. At the neuromuscular junction of Drosophila, these functional synapses enlarge as the body grows to maintain physiologically effective synaptic transmission with the muscles. Drosophila Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP) type II receptor, Wishful thinking (Wit), is important in this proper synaptic growth and function. To identify transcriptional targets of Wit signaling, we performed microarray experiments comparing normal controls to wit mutants. Through this study, we found that some of the verified target genes showed isoform-specific regulation in wit mutants, and that several neuropeptide …

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The Role Of The Intracellular Signaling Pathway In Ehrlichia Canis Infection In Vitro, Chang-Hyun Kim Jan 2010

The Role Of The Intracellular Signaling Pathway In Ehrlichia Canis Infection In Vitro, Chang-Hyun Kim

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Ehrlichia canis is a pleomorphic obligatory intracellular gram-negative bacterium that causes tick-borne canine ehrlichiosis. A systematic investigation on the pathogenesis of the disease has been hindered largely by lack of a reliable quantitative assay. Using quantitative real time PCR (qPCR), a quantitative assay for E. canis was developed and validated. Using the qPCR, the intracellular proliferation kinetics of E. canis in the canine 030F cell-line was studied for the first time. Many intracellular bacterial pathogens have been shown to use Ca2+ signaling in the host cells to induce their own internalization and proliferation. However, it is not clear how Ca2+ …

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Transcriptional Regulation Of The Human Heme Oxygenase-1 Via Chromatin Looping In Renal Cells, Junghyun Kim Jan 2010

Transcriptional Regulation Of The Human Heme Oxygenase-1 Via Chromatin Looping In Renal Cells, Junghyun Kim

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Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is a critical enzyme catalyzing the degradation of heme and generating carbon monoxide, iron, and biliverdin. In addition to heme degradation, HO-1 expression is known to protect against various cellular insults and disease states including acute kidney injury, atherosclerosis, vascular restenosis, and others. Human HO-1 gene expression is tightly regulated at the level of transcription. The main goal of this study is to explore the transcriptional regulation of the human HO-1 gene in renal epithelial cells. Chromosome Conformation Capture (3C) demonstrates that multiple regulatory regions within the HO-1 promoter and enhancer regions are physically interacting with each …

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Chronic Alcohol Consumption Promotes Opening Of The Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore And Increases Mitochondrial Injury In Liver, Adrienne Lester King Jan 2010

Chronic Alcohol Consumption Promotes Opening Of The Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore And Increases Mitochondrial Injury In Liver, Adrienne Lester King

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Alcoholic liver disease is a serious public health concern. In particular, the mitochondrion is a specific target of ethanol toxicity and much of the damage can be related to unregulated Ca2+ homeostasis and oxidative stress which are key players in the induction of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) within the organelle. The mechanism behind the induction of the MPTP remains elusive. Therefore, this body of work will provide insight on what effects chronic alcohol consumption has on mitochondrial dysfunction with an emphasis on the MPTP. Chapter 2: Assessment of mitochondrial dysfunction arising from treatment with hepatotoxicants provides a description …

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Development Of A Multiscale Material Model For Brain Tissue And Its Application To The Impact Response Of The Human Head, Sandeep Kulathu Jan 2010

Development Of A Multiscale Material Model For Brain Tissue And Its Application To The Impact Response Of The Human Head, Sandeep Kulathu

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The development of a finite element model capable of predicting brain injury sustained as a result of an impact load to the head is of considerable importance not only for the development of adequate protection systems but also in deciding an appropriate mode of treatment for an individual. With advancements in imaging technologies, it is now possible to visualize the neuron fiber structures in the brain. In the first half of this project, an analytical micro-mechanical model was developed from the individual isotropic behaviors of the Cerebro-Spinal Fluid (CSF) and brain tissue present in the brain, such that the resultant …

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The Role Of Gli1 In Eralpha-Negative Breast Cancer: Promoting Survival, Migration, Invasion, And Metastasis, Yeon-Jin Kwon Jan 2010

The Role Of Gli1 In Eralpha-Negative Breast Cancer: Promoting Survival, Migration, Invasion, And Metastasis, Yeon-Jin Kwon

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Glioma-associated oncogene homolog 1 (Gli1) is a well-known oncogene and a transcription factor that mediates several signaling pathways important for tumor progression, such as hedgehog, TGFß, Ras, and EGFR. Although Gli1 is known to play an important role in cancers of brain, skin, prostate, and the pancreas, the role of Gli1 in breast cancer was not previously well-defined. Therefore, this dissertation focuses on defining the role of Gli1 and the mechanism underlying Gli1-mediated transcription in breast cancer. Interestingly, the major findings of the dissertation clearly indicate that Gli1 promotes cell survival and is predictive of a poor outcome in Estrogen …

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Determination Of The Effects Of University Building Usage On Energy Efficiency And Recommendations For Improvement, Dana Aaron Lackey Jan 2010

Determination Of The Effects Of University Building Usage On Energy Efficiency And Recommendations For Improvement, Dana Aaron Lackey

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Energy costs are increasing at an alarming rate, and electricity use can contribute to carbon emissions and, therefore, to global warming. With this in mind and under direction of the University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) Facilities Management Department, researchers conducted building occupancy surveys of UAB buildings after working hours and on weekends to evaluate occupancy by day and time and by lighting condition of unoccupied rooms. The goals of this research consisted of identifying situations in which measures such as motion sensor installation or heating and/or air conditioning shutdown or setback could result in energy and cost savings and …

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The Effects Of Paternal Absence On The Sexual Behaviors Of African-American Adolescents Living In Impoverished Neighborhoods, Cheri Nicolette Langley Jan 2010

The Effects Of Paternal Absence On The Sexual Behaviors Of African-American Adolescents Living In Impoverished Neighborhoods, Cheri Nicolette Langley

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According to the 2005 Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS), 47% of the surveyed high school students reported ever having sexual intercourse, with 6% reporting having initiated their first sexual intercourse before the age of 13 (Eaton et al., 2006). Using the Mobile Youth Survey (1998-2008), the purpose of this study is four-fold: (a) to describe the MYS sample (1998-2008) in terms of its primary independent variable (the absence of a father figure) and its primary outcomes (sexual debut, sexual frequency, number of sex partners, condom use, pregnancy in the last year, and pregnancy intention); (b) to determine the impact of …

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Exploring Factors Controlling The Thermal Behavior Of Ammonium Perchlorate And Ammonium Nitrate Energetic Systems, Anthony Justin Lang Jan 2010

Exploring Factors Controlling The Thermal Behavior Of Ammonium Perchlorate And Ammonium Nitrate Energetic Systems, Anthony Justin Lang

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This research project characterizes ammonium nitrate (AN) and ammonium perchlorate (AP) to assist in the parameter optimization of ammonium-salt propellants. Throughout these studies, the effective activation energies for thermal events are identified through the application of the Advanced Isoconversional Method. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), High Pressure DSC (HP-DSC), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), TGA-FTIR evolved gas analysis, density functional calculations, and microscopy techniques were employed to evaluate the systems. The first article studies the thermal decomposition properties of ammonium perchlorate as a function of sample condition. It was discovered that sublimation and decomposition are dependent on particle …

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Conditional Well-Posedness And Error Bounds For The Groundwater Inverse Problem, Mary Antoinette Larussa Jan 2010

Conditional Well-Posedness And Error Bounds For The Groundwater Inverse Problem, Mary Antoinette Larussa

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Inverse problems involving elliptic partial differential equations have many physical applications. In 1993, Knowles & Wallace published a variational method of numerical differentiation involving minimization of an energy functional formed from the solution of an associated elliptic equation. This method has been successfully used to estimate the values of the parameters of the groundwater flow equation. The primary focus of this dissertation will be a proof of the stability of this inverse problem. Additionally, I will present theoretical error bounds on the data surface that is constructed for the parameter recovery and results of testing a new numerical algorithm.

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A Pilot Study For A Computer-Tailored Program To Increase Calcium And Vitamin D Consumption In Young Women: Does Adding Quantitative Ultrasound Change Outcomes?, Donald Henry Lein Jan 2010

A Pilot Study For A Computer-Tailored Program To Increase Calcium And Vitamin D Consumption In Young Women: Does Adding Quantitative Ultrasound Change Outcomes?, Donald Henry Lein

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Osteoporosis and osteoporosis-related fractures are costly personal and national problems. No cure exists so experts stress early practice of bone protective behaviors, like adequate calcium and vitamin D intake, to prevent osteoporosis and osteoporosis-related fractures. However, young women in the United States do not consume adequate amounts of these two nutrients. Further evaluation to identify cost effective programs to increase calcium and vitamin D consumption in young women is needed. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether quantitative ultrasound (QUS) with bone strength feedback to a computer-tailored feedback and counseling intervention was needed to increase calcium and vitamin …

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Effect Of Overexpressing Apolipoprotein A-I In An Animal Model Of Alzheimer's Disease, Terry L. Lewis Jan 2010

Effect Of Overexpressing Apolipoprotein A-I In An Animal Model Of Alzheimer's Disease, Terry L. Lewis

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Apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) is the major protein component of high density lipoprotein (HDL) in circulation and is expressed mainly by the liver and intestine. The levels of apoA-I/HDL are inversely related to the incidence of cardiovascular disease. Because of the connections between heart disease and Alzheimer's disease (AD), it is conceivable that high levels of apoA-I/HDL may be protective against AD. However, the limited literature shows mixed results on the role of apoA-I/HDL in the development of AD. It is hypothesized that increased expression of human apoA-I will ameliorate the behavioral deficits and characteristic amyloid-ß (Aß) plaque formation in a …

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Spin Echo Ss-Parse: A Parse Mri Method To Estimate R2, R2' And Frequency In A Single Shot, Ningzhi Li Jan 2010

Spin Echo Ss-Parse: A Parse Mri Method To Estimate R2, R2' And Frequency In A Single Shot, Ningzhi Li

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Rapid and accurate mapping of relaxation rates applies to a number of neuroimaging and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies. Previously developed relaxation rate mapping methods are based mostly on non-linear fitting of intensity images. For the first time, this study developed an ultrafast and direct transverse relaxation rate mapping technique, Spin Echo Single-Shot Parameter Assessment by Retrieval from Single Encoding (SE-SS-PARSE). Four useful imaging parameters, local transverse magnetization magnitude (Mxy0), frequency (f), reversible and irreversible transverse re-laxation rate (R2' and R2), can be estimated using an iterative searching algorithm simul-taneously and quantitatively. In addition, the SE-SS-PARSE technique is free …

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Role Of 14-3-3&Tau In Autophagy And Role Of Edd In P53 Regulation, Shiyun Ling Jan 2010

Role Of 14-3-3&Tau In Autophagy And Role Of Edd In P53 Regulation, Shiyun Ling

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Unrestricted cell proliferation and suppression of cell death are two essential events for tumor development. My dissertation research involves two proteins, 14-3-3 &tau and EDD which are involved in diverse pathways related to these two fields in recent studies. Previous study demonstrates that 14-3-3ô regulates p21 degradation. Up-regulation of 14-3-3ô is seen in breast cancer and is correlated with the down-regulation of p21 in breast cancer. Amplification or overexpression of EDD was observed in breast cancer and ovarian cancers. Illustrating the new roles of these two proteins in proliferation and cell death will advance our knowledge in tumorigenesis and help …

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Poxvirus Evolution: The Role Of Horizontal Gene Transfer, Mary Rebecca Odom Jan 2010

Poxvirus Evolution: The Role Of Horizontal Gene Transfer, Mary Rebecca Odom

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We have investigated the set of all poxvirus proteins for information about the origins of protein coding genes of the Poxviridae family of viruses. A global assessment of all poxvirus proteins for levels of similarity to proteins of other organisms, including eukaryotes, viruses, and prokaryotes, has suggested trends and relationships informative about poxvirus evolution and poxvirus interactions with hosts. Our research has focused on the poxvirus proteins subset this assessment identified as likely to have evolutionary histories involving horizontal gene transfer (HGT). We have used phylogenetic reconstructions to individually determine the sources of more than 70 horizontally transferred genes present …

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Host Preference Profile In An Area Of Eastern Equine Encephalitis (Eee) Virus Transmission In Alabama, Ana Lucia Oliveira Jan 2010

Host Preference Profile In An Area Of Eastern Equine Encephalitis (Eee) Virus Transmission In Alabama, Ana Lucia Oliveira

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osteoporosis susceptibility, perceived osteoporosis severity, perceived barriers to

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A Nucleolar Specificity Factor For E2f1 Induced Cell Death, Jason Chang Paik Jan 2010

A Nucleolar Specificity Factor For E2f1 Induced Cell Death, Jason Chang Paik

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The E2F family of transcription factors are important regulators of cell proliferation, and are often dysregulated in cancers. One member of the E2F family, E2F1, also has the ability to induce apoptosis; therefore, uncovering how E2F1-induced apoptosis is controlled is of interest in understanding tumorigenesis. To this end, we identified RRP1B as a novel target specifically induced by E2F1. RRP1B expression is specifically upregulated by E2F1 overexpression, but not other E2F family members. RRP1B expression is correlated with E2F1 expression during the cell cycle, and is significantly induced after DNA damage. The minimal RRP1B promoter region responsive to E2F1 was …

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Flexural Behavior Of Spun Concrete Poles Reinforced With Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (Gfrp), Sally Palmer Jan 2010

Flexural Behavior Of Spun Concrete Poles Reinforced With Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (Gfrp), Sally Palmer

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Steel-reinforced structural concrete has been used in civil engineering practice for many years. A primary concern with steel-reinforced structural concrete is corrosion. In marine environments, corrosion becomes an important factor and may impact the long-term durability of the conventional steel-reinforced structure. Concrete poles are commonly placed in severe marine or industrial environments that are conducive of corrosion. Traditionally, these poles are reinforced with steel material, which poses the certainty of corrosion and deterioration. Recently, various alternatives to the use of steel reinforcement have been studied. Alternative non-metallic reinforcement will increase the lifespan of the product, reduce maintenance needs, and result …

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