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Effects Of Estrogen On Hippocampal Function In Young Adult And Aged Female Rats, Lindsey Celeste Vedder Jan 2011

Effects Of Estrogen On Hippocampal Function In Young Adult And Aged Female Rats, Lindsey Celeste Vedder

All ETDs from UAB

In rodents, the ovarian estrogen 17b-estradiol (E2) is a potent modulator of hippocampal function and the hippocampus is critical for many types of learning and memory. Specifically, E2 increase the magnitude of long-term potentiation (LTP) at CA3-CA1 synapses, the density of dendritic spines in CA1 pyramidal cells and current mediated by NR2B-containing NMDA receptors. The E2-induced increase in LTP further requires NR2B-containing NMDARs. While considered a cellular correlate of learning and memory, enhanced LTP does not always predict enhanced learning. The first goal of this dissertation was to investigate the relationship between E2-enhanced LTP and learning and memory in young …

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Osteogenic Differentiation Of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Enhanced By Bone Ecm Analogous Nanomatrix Composites, Jeremy Benton Vines Jan 2011

Osteogenic Differentiation Of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Enhanced By Bone Ecm Analogous Nanomatrix Composites, Jeremy Benton Vines

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A growing trend in the area of bone tissue engineering is the development of materials that mimic the native bone extracellular matrix (ECM). This need is typically met through the creation of composites, which attempt to recapitulate both the organic and inorganic components of the native bone ECM. However, few composites have been created with organic ECM analogous components that are functionalized to direct cellular behaviors. Furthermore, a majority of these studies do not investigate how the ratio of the inorganic and organic components affects cellular behaviors. To address this issue, hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (HANPs) were dispersed within peptide amphiphile (PA) …

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Role Of Nr4a3 Nuclear Receptor In Physiological Regulation Of Metabolism, Grace R. Walton Jan 2011

Role Of Nr4a3 Nuclear Receptor In Physiological Regulation Of Metabolism, Grace R. Walton

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Nuclear receptor NR4A3 (NOR-1, MINOR) mediates transcriptional responses to ß-adrenergic signaling, is increased in insulin sensitive mice and humans, and enhances insulin-stimulated glucose transport in cultured adipocytes and myocytes. We therefore sought to determine the role of NR4A3 in in vivo adipose tissue and skeletal muscle physiology. Following adipose-specific NR4A3 over-expression in mice, we observed reduced circulating epinephrine due to enhanced catabolism of catecholamines in adipose tissue. Furthermore, this reduction in circulating epinephrine produced broad physiological consequences, including poor glucose tolerance, reduced insulin sensitivity, dyslipidemia, poor cardiac function, and behavioral alterations. In skeletal muscle, we show that NR4A3 protein associates …

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A Series Of Methods For The Systematic Reduction Of Phishing, Bradley Wardman Jan 2011

A Series Of Methods For The Systematic Reduction Of Phishing, Bradley Wardman

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Phishing continues to expand as efforts to thwart attacks are ineffective and criminals behind these scams operate with apparent impunity. In order to address both issues, this research provides three steps towards the reduction of phishing: identifying phishing websites, collecting phishing evidence, and correlating the phishing incidents. The first step is to identify phishing websites automatically. Experimental results demonstrate that content-based algorithms can classify phishing websites with greater than 90% detection rates while maintaining low false-positive rates. Next, the development of custom software collects additional information and evidence about these phishing websites. In the final step, this research offers two …

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Strategies For Combined Screening And Imaging Of Breast Cancer, Jason Morgan Warram Jan 2011

Strategies For Combined Screening And Imaging Of Breast Cancer, Jason Morgan Warram

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Successful treatment of breast cancer directly correlates with tumor stage and grade at diagnosis. Early diagnosis leads to a five-year relative survival rate of 96.8% as opposed to only a 22.5% five-year survival rate when diagnosed at late stage. Cancer-specific mechanisms need to be extended to enable cancer detection in an individual patient, in particular, the metastatic burden that currently cannot be assessed by conventional imaging. This approach for cancer detection would remove the biases of patient characteristics, permit immediate diagnostic feedback, improve sensitivity for early detection of small metastatic lesions, and be cost effective. Toward this goal, the cancer-specific …

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Sustainable Urban Design Practices That Mitigate Urban Heat Islands And Reduce Energy Consumption, Candace Joy Watson Jan 2011

Sustainable Urban Design Practices That Mitigate Urban Heat Islands And Reduce Energy Consumption, Candace Joy Watson

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Urban cities are the largest consumers of energy. As global populations continue to increase in these areas, energy consumption is a growing concern for global leaders. Cities in developed countries are expanding beyond their central city-centers, resulting in increased natural resource consumption. This method of population management is referred to as urban sprawl and is the reason for increased consumption from expanding transportation networks, building materials, and fuel resources. In addition to increases in energy consumption, in recent years, built-up areas have experienced higher temperatures than surrounding rural areas. According to the Environmental Protection Agency, these differences can be as …

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The Requisite Role Of Dectin-1 And Il-17 In Innate Host Defense Against Aspergillus Fumigatus, Jessica L. Werner Jan 2011

The Requisite Role Of Dectin-1 And Il-17 In Innate Host Defense Against Aspergillus Fumigatus, Jessica L. Werner

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Immune suppression increases the incidence of invasive fungal infections, particularly those caused by the opportunistic mold Aspergillus fumigatus. We show that non-immunosuppressed mice lacking the beta-glucan receptor Dectin-1 (Dectin-1-/-) are more susceptible to intratracheal challenge with A. fumigatus than control mice, exhibiting >80% mortality within 5 days; ultimately attributed to a compromise in respiratory mechanics. In response to A. fumigatus challenge, Dectin-1-/- mice demonstrated impaired inflammatory response as seen through defective cytokine and chemokine production, which resulted in insufficient lung neutrophil recruitment and uncontrolled A. fumigatus lung growth. Alveolar macrophages from Dectin-1-/- mice failed to produce proinflammatory mediators in response …

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The Effect Of Optimism On The Relationship Between Religiosity And Spirituality Among Elderly Christians, Matthew West Jan 2011

The Effect Of Optimism On The Relationship Between Religiosity And Spirituality Among Elderly Christians, Matthew West

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Older Americans represent one of the most devout groups of religious people in America, yet research is consistently scarce on how to use this characteristic in mental health interventions. This study uses Ordinary Least Squares regression of a 2004, national sample of older Christian Americans to assess the relationship between private prayer, church attendance, prayer group participation, religious meaning, optimism, and depressive symptomology. Previous work has found a strong positive relationship between religion and health outcomes. The present endeavor goes beyond examining the main effects of such relationships to look at a possible moderating mechanism--optimism. Controlling for demographic variables and …

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Conceptualization Of Cervical Cancer And Screening Experiences Among Zambian Women Attending A Cervical Screening Program, Heather Leah White Jan 2011

Conceptualization Of Cervical Cancer And Screening Experiences Among Zambian Women Attending A Cervical Screening Program, Heather Leah White

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Invasive cervical cancer (ICC) is the second most commonly diagnosed malignancy worldwide, and approximately 85% of the disease burden occurs in underdeveloped countries. In 2006, the Zambian government launched a cervical screening program within primary health clinics using visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) coupled with immediate treatment via cryotherapy. The objective of this dissertation was to determine whether the VIA screening program is responsive to the needs and concerns of Zambian women in an effort to improve screening uptake, and for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive women who are potentially subject to increased ICC screening and treatment, increase long-term …

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Ecology And Transmission Of Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus In The Southeastern United States, Gregory Scott White Jan 2011

Ecology And Transmission Of Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus In The Southeastern United States, Gregory Scott White

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The virus Eastern Equine Encephalitis virus (EEEV) is a highly pathogenic arthropod-borne virus (arbovirus) present in the US. The virus is listed as a reportable illness to the Centers of Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and is also listed as a select agent by Human Health and Services (HHS). Studies on EEEV starting back in the 1930's have determined many important facets of the ecology, transmission and evolution of the virus. It is understood that in many endemic foci, the mosquito Culiseta melanura is the primary enzootic vector of the virus. EEEV is thus maintained in an enzootic cycle between …

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Functional Interplay Between Trans Factors And Cis-Elements That Govern Il17a&F Transcription, Sarah Kern Whitley Jan 2011

Functional Interplay Between Trans Factors And Cis-Elements That Govern Il17a&F Transcription, Sarah Kern Whitley

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Protective immunity against a variety of infections depends on the amplification and differentiation of naïve antigen-specific CD4 T cells. T helper 17 (Th17) cells are important for defending mucosal barriers from invading extracellular bacterial pathogens. This effector CD4 lineage is characterized by production of the cytokines IL-17A, IL-17F, IL-21, and IL-22, which elicit influx of inflammatory cells to promote pathogen clearance. The cytokines IL-6 and TGF&beta are the principal factors that initiate Th17 lineage development, and the STAT3-inducing cytokines IL-21 and IL-23 assist and/or maintain the Th17 developmental program. Recently, an additional cytokine has been demonstrated to encourage Th17 differentiation: …

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Pick It Up, Put It Down: A Grounded Theory Study Of How Low Income African American Patients In The Deep South Start Smoking And Quit Smoking, Jessica Hillman Williams Jan 2011

Pick It Up, Put It Down: A Grounded Theory Study Of How Low Income African American Patients In The Deep South Start Smoking And Quit Smoking, Jessica Hillman Williams

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The purpose of this qualitative was to use data extracted from the narrative stories of African American patients to generate a grounded theory to explain the process and act of initiating and of quitting smoking among low income African American patients in the Deep South. This is important since African Americans are more likely to suffer from smoking-related illnesses, which are the leading cause of death among African Americans. Data were analyzed from interviews conducted in 2005 as part of the Stories Project and supplementary interviews conducted in 2011. Convenience sampling strategies guided participant recruitment for primary interviews and theoretical …

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Fostering Reflection In Teachers Pursuing National Board Certification: A Multiple Case Study, Pamela Renee' Gray Williams Jan 2011

Fostering Reflection In Teachers Pursuing National Board Certification: A Multiple Case Study, Pamela Renee' Gray Williams

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The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between Candidate Support Providers and candidates in regards to exploring how the reflective practices of the candidates were fostered by the Candidate Support Providers. A multiple case study methodology was used for this qualitative research (Creswell, 2007; Merriam, 2008; Stake, 1995). Five Candidate Support Providers and five candidates from an urban school district in Alabama participated in this study. Multiple data sources collected for this qualitative case study included: a) semi-structured interviews, b) direct observations, c) journal entries, d) participant artifacts and e) an online questionnaire. The findings of this …

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Tear Component Interference In Bead-Based Biomarker Assays Using Magnetic Beads, Larezia Denise Williams Jan 2011

Tear Component Interference In Bead-Based Biomarker Assays Using Magnetic Beads, Larezia Denise Williams

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Cytokines in tears can be biomarkers for ocular inflammation in dry eye subjects. Multiplex bead-based assays measure the concentration of multiple cytokines in a single tear sample. Bio-Rad® polystyrene bead-based assay kits have provided acceptable results for tear samples in this lab. Recently, Bio-Rad decided to replace polystyrene beads with magnetic beads. In earlier experiments in this laboratory, magnetic bead-based as-says did not produce results equivalent to polystyrene bead-based assays. The purpose of this investigation was to modify the magnetic bead-based tear cytokine assay to produce equivalent results to those obtained with the polystyrene bead-based assay. The modifications included running …

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Demands Of Dualism: Literacy And Content Area Instructional Beliefs In Alabama High Schools, Cindy Sager Adams Jan 2011

Demands Of Dualism: Literacy And Content Area Instructional Beliefs In Alabama High Schools, Cindy Sager Adams

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The purpose of this quantitative study was to examine differences in content area teachers' general educational beliefs and their attitudes toward teaching reading in their social studies, science, and English language arts classrooms in Alabama high schools when both content area and teacher certificate levels were considered. Such a study is important because teachers work with students ill-prepared for the demands of required high school reading, upcoming college reading, or workplace literacy, in a state in which nearly 39% of its youth fail to graduate from high school. Nearly 80% of all Alabama grade 11 students read below the 50th …

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Evaluation Of The Optical And Mechanical Properties Of Cad-Cam Generated Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia Laminate Veneers, Tariq F. Alghazzawi Jan 2011

Evaluation Of The Optical And Mechanical Properties Of Cad-Cam Generated Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia Laminate Veneers, Tariq F. Alghazzawi

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The purpose of this investigation was to study three aspects which have been shown to limit clinical applications of yttria-stabilized zirconia (Y-TZP) for dental restorations. Mechanical property and structural changes due to low-temperature degradation (LTD) of Y-TZP led to increased surface roughness and monoclinic phase fractions, with a concomitant decrease in hardness and modulus. Yttria content and flexural strength were unchanged and phase transformation proceeded from the surface into the bulk of the material. The optical properties of Y-TZP, IPS e.max® CAD (IEC), and feldspathic por-celain (FP) laminate veneers showed that the underlying color of try-in pastes (TP) af-fected the …

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Fabrication Of Biodegradable Fibers Using Hdpe/Starch Blends. Morphological, Mechanical And Processing, Fayaz J. Ali Jan 2011

Fabrication Of Biodegradable Fibers Using Hdpe/Starch Blends. Morphological, Mechanical And Processing, Fayaz J. Ali

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Products developed from polymeric materials have found a myriad of applications that make life better and more convenient. In many cases, however, plastics end up in landfills after their useful lifetime. The inability of most synthetic plastics to degrade in the landfill presents a challenge to continue to expand their applications in order to minimize their environmental impact. Incorporating natural fibers into synthetic polymers has been investigated recently; however, most of the natural fibers do not have the mechanical properties of their inorganic counterparts. Thus, there is a need for high strength fibers that are degradable. The goal of this …

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The Role Of Protease-Activated Receptor-1 In Synaptic Plasticity And Memory, Antoine Gabriel Almonte Jan 2011

The Role Of Protease-Activated Receptor-1 In Synaptic Plasticity And Memory, Antoine Gabriel Almonte

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Protease-activated receptor-1 (PAR1) is an unusual G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) that is activated through proteolytic cleavage by extracellular serine proteases. While previous work has shown that inhibiting PAR1 activation is neuroprotective in models of ischemia, traumatic injury, and neurotoxicity, surprisingly little is known about PAR1's contribution to normal brain function. In the central nervous system (CNS), PAR1 is expressed in glial cells in the hippocampus, a brain region critical for memory formation. I am particularly interested in PAR1 because its activation enhances the function of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs), which are required for some forms of behavioral learning and synaptic plasticity. …

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Identifying Candidate Roads For Managed Lanes In Alabama, Sara M. Alnazer Jan 2011

Identifying Candidate Roads For Managed Lanes In Alabama, Sara M. Alnazer

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Previous research and deployment efforts showcase the potential benefits of managed lane strategies toward increasing the utilization and efficiency of transportation facilities, and thus reducing congestion and related impacts. However, criteria for determining the suitability of a specific highway corridor for deployment of managed lane strategies are less well established. This thesis reports on a study that incorporates best practices from across the country to develop a standard screening and evaluation methodology leading to the identification of promising corridors for managed lanes deployment. Best-suited managed lane strategies for the selected corridors are also identified. The methodology is then used to …

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Statistical Analysis Of Curve Fitting In Errors In-Variables Models, Ali Abdelkareem Al-Sharadqah Jan 2011

Statistical Analysis Of Curve Fitting In Errors In-Variables Models, Ali Abdelkareem Al-Sharadqah

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This dissertation is devoted to the problem of fitting geometric curves such as lines, circles, and ellipses to a set of experimental observations whose both coordinates are contaminated with noisy errors. This kind of regression is called Errors-in-Variables models (EIV), which is quite different and much more difficult to solve than the classical regression. This research study is motivated by the wide range of EIV applications in computer vision and image processing. We adopted statistical assumptions suitable for these applications and we studied the statistical properties of two kinds of fits; geometric fit and algebraic fit for line, circle and …

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Vitamin D And Insulin Sensitivity Among African American And European American Adolescents And Adults, Jessica Alejandra Alvarez Jan 2011

Vitamin D And Insulin Sensitivity Among African American And European American Adolescents And Adults, Jessica Alejandra Alvarez

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Adequate vitamin D status is associated with a reduced risk for type 2 diabetes (T2DM); the relationship may be mediated by insulin sensitizing effects of vitamin D. African Americans (AA) are at a greater risk for T2DM and insulin resistance, as well as vitamin D deficiency, compared to European Americans (EA). The primary objective of this dissertation was to investigate the independent relationships of vitamin D with various measures of insulin sensitivity. Investigations were performed in a series of studies involving adolescent and adult female cohorts. The intravenous glucose tolerance test-derived insulin sensitivity index (SI) or the oral glucose tolerance …

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Biometic Self-Assembled Nanomatrix For Bone Tissue Regeneration, Joel Matthew Anderson Jan 2011

Biometic Self-Assembled Nanomatrix For Bone Tissue Regeneration, Joel Matthew Anderson

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Formation of the native bone extracellular matrix (ECM) provides an attractive template for bone tissue engineering. At the cellular level, structural support and biological complexity of bone ECM are provided within a composite microenvironment that consists of an organic fibrous network reinforced by inorganic hydroxyapatite (HA) nanostructured crystals. To synthetically recreate this biphasic assembly, a bone ECM analogous scaffold comprised of self-assembling peptide amphiphile (PA) nanofibers and interspersed HA nanoparticles was investigated. The PAs have been endowed with biomolecular ligand signaling using synthetically inscribed peptide sequences (i.e. RGDS, DGEA) derived from the native bone ECM and integrated with HA nanoparticles …

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Post-Translational Modifications, Structure And Function Of Human Lens Crystallins, Chinwe Asomugha Jan 2011

Post-Translational Modifications, Structure And Function Of Human Lens Crystallins, Chinwe Asomugha

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Cataract is an opacification of the lens causing reduction in vision over time. It is one of the leading causes of vision loss among adults age 55 and older. The lens is a transparent structure that focuses incoming light onto the retina for visual perception. It has a high protein content, attributed mainly to water-soluble proteins known as crystallins. With age, crystallins undergo post-translational modifications (PTMs) that alter their structural and/or functional properties and, in turn, lead to cataract formation. The purpose of this research was to take a top-down approach in understanding changes in lens proteins with age, starting …

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The Effect Of Sulfasalazine On Functional Recovery And Neuropathic Pain Following Spinal Cord Injury, Kelly Dunham Atkins Jan 2011

The Effect Of Sulfasalazine On Functional Recovery And Neuropathic Pain Following Spinal Cord Injury, Kelly Dunham Atkins

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Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating condition resulting in loss of motor function as well as sensory abnormalities. Insight into the pathophysiology of SCI progression has been gained through use of pre-clinical animal models, however these have not been successful in yielding pharmacological interventions for clinical management of SCI. One proposed reason for this discrepancy may be the use of SCI models which are not fully clinically relevant and do not assess the contribution of gray matter pathology to SCI functional outcomes. Post-SCI inflammation is well-documented and may lead to downstream loss of motor function. Additionally, inflammation is thought …

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Ampa Receptor Trafficking In Schizophrenia, John Hammond Jan 2011

Ampa Receptor Trafficking In Schizophrenia, John Hammond

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The glutamate hypothesis of schizophrenia is based primarily on NMDA receptor dysfunction. Recent studies have led to an expansion of this hypothesis to include AMPA receptors which are essential for neurotransmission through NMDA receptors. Examination of total AMPA receptor protein expression in schizophrenia has been inconsistent and led to examination of AMPA receptor interacting proteins and trafficking and subcellular localization of the receptors. AMPA receptors are highly trafficked from the endoplasmic reticulum to the synapse and in a complex system of endosomes. Alterations in the subcellular localization of these receptors may be a part of the underlying pathophysiology of schizophrenia. …

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Calciotropic Hormonal Influence On Energy Homeostasis, Lynae J. Hanks Jan 2011

Calciotropic Hormonal Influence On Energy Homeostasis, Lynae J. Hanks

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Energy balance exists when intake is equivalent to expenditure. It has become evident that beyond quantitative aspects of intake, dietary components also have directive impact. On the expenditure side, an underappreciated yet key contributor is resting energy expenditure (REE). As the largest constituent of overall energy output, REE encompasses physiologic, dietary and genetic influence on body composition. While cellular and overall systemic contribution cannot be ignored, the relative proportion of adipose, bone and lean body tissue (i.e., body composition) represents the primary determinant underlying REE. It is possible that the mineral calcium is a common denominator encompassing energy balance influenced …

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Bone Morphogenetic Protein Signaling Pathways During Mouse Heart Development: Roles For Chd7 And Mycn, Cristina Harmelink Jan 2011

Bone Morphogenetic Protein Signaling Pathways During Mouse Heart Development: Roles For Chd7 And Mycn, Cristina Harmelink

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Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP) signaling pathways are imperative for proper heart development. BMP ligands bind serine threonine kinase receptors, which activate intracellular receptor-regulated SMAD proteins. SMAD1, SMAD5, and SMAD8 transduce BMP signals from the cytoplasm to the nucleus, where they regulate transcription. We have investigated two aspects of BMP signaling during mouse cardiogenesis: identifying SMAD1-interacting proteins and exploring the roles of a known BMP target, Mycn, in the developing myocardium. Chromodomain helicase DNA binding protein 7 (CHD7) is a highly conserved transcription factor that promotes protein synthesis, proliferation, and differentiation. Haploinsufficiency for CHD7 causes CHARGE syndrome, a developmental disorder characterized …

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The Effects Of Weight Loss And Exercise On Relative Bmd In Premenopausal Women, Kara Cook Hamilton Jan 2011

The Effects Of Weight Loss And Exercise On Relative Bmd In Premenopausal Women, Kara Cook Hamilton

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Heavier individuals have higher bone mineral density (BMD) than individuals of lower body weight, but it is unclear whether BMD changes in proportion to body weight during weight loss. This study compared BMD relative to body weight following a six month weight loss program and a one-year weight maintenance phase in premenopausal women and determined whether African American (AA) and European-American (EA) women's BMD respond similarly during weight loss. Premenopausal women (n=115, 34±5 yrs.) were evaluated in an overweight state (BMI between 27 and 30 kg/m2), following an 800 kcal/day diet/exercise program designed to reduce BMI <25 kg/m2, and one-year following weight loss. Results indicated that BMD relative to body weight increased after weight loss, but decreased during the one-year weight maintenance phase. However, all one-year follow up BMD measurements were increased (all significant except Ward's triangle and L1) when compared to baseline measurements. These sites included the hip neck (mean Z-score difference of 0 .088, P=0.014), the greater trochanter (mean difference of 0.089, P=0.003), total hip (mean Z-score difference of 0.099, P=0.001), L2 (mean Z-score difference of 0 .126, P<0.013), L3 (mean Z-score difference of 0.136, P=0.014), and L4 (mean Z-score difference of 0.186, P=0.005). AAs had significantly higher BMD at all sites compared to EAs, but no time by race interactions were evident during weight loss (except in L3). These results indicate that it is safe and beneficial for overweight premenopausal women to lose weight since it improves BMD relative to body weight, while also combating obesity, heart disease, high blood pressure, and type II diabetes.

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Dreams Of A Far Away Land: Japanese Immigration To Peru, 1899-1950, Cheyenne Nicole Haney Jan 2011

Dreams Of A Far Away Land: Japanese Immigration To Peru, 1899-1950, Cheyenne Nicole Haney

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The purpose of this research is to address the Japanese immigration to Peru and Japanese cultural traditions within Peru. It is necessary to note the reasons for emigration and effects of the conditions in Peru. Through the use of various sources, I will study the transition of culture and history of the Japanese community in Peru. Diplomatic relations between Japan and Peru began in 1872 after tensions surrounding the Maria Luz incident. It was not until 1899 that the two countries established a formal relationship. The Peruvians viewed the Japanese as a source of cheap labor. Ergo, an immigration policy, …

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Synthesis And Optical Characterization Of Molecular And Polymeric Phosphonate-Substituted Bithiophene Derivatives, Jason Lee Freeman Jan 2011

Synthesis And Optical Characterization Of Molecular And Polymeric Phosphonate-Substituted Bithiophene Derivatives, Jason Lee Freeman

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The synthesis and optical characterization of a series of novel molecular and polymeric phosphonate-substituted bithiophenes are reported. Many of the compounds reported herein exhibit good nonlinear optical absorption and emission properties in the violet-blue spectral region. The first chapter investigates a series of molecular phosphonate bithiophenes derived from 2,2′-biphenol, BpP(X)(C4H2S)2H and BpP(X)(C4H2S)2P(X)Bp (Bp = 2,2′-C12H8O2; X = O, S , Se). Their syntheses have been optimized, and solid-state structures of two of these compounds are reported. The linear absorption spectra, emission spectra, and emission quantum yields show distinct trends with respect to the chalcogen attached to the phosphorus and the …

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