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Genotype And Sex Specific Effects Of Methionine Restriction On The Life And Healthspan Of Drosophila Melanogaster, Joshua Robert Smith Jan 2024

Genotype And Sex Specific Effects Of Methionine Restriction On The Life And Healthspan Of Drosophila Melanogaster, Joshua Robert Smith

All ETDs from UAB

Reduced dietary intake of the amino acid methionine has been reported to significantly extend the lifespan of common laboratory model organisms including Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Mus musculus, and Drosophila melanogaster. Methionine restriction (MR) has also been achieved via non-dietary means such as metabolite supplementation and CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing. MR along with protein and calorie restriction are known as dietary interventions capable of producing pro-longevity benefits through regulation of nutrient sensing pathways. Recent studies in model organisms have also identified beneficial effects of a low methionine diet on aging-associated phenotypes and markers of overall healthspan. However, the effects of this intervention on …

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Characterizing The Reproductive System Of Avrainvillea In HawaiʻI, Brinkley Mikayla Thornton Jan 2024

Characterizing The Reproductive System Of Avrainvillea In HawaiʻI, Brinkley Mikayla Thornton

All ETDs from UAB

Sex has generated incredible life cycle diversity across eukaryotes. Differences in the timing of meiosis and fertilization have generated tremendous variation in the duration of haploid and diploid phases. To understand what drives eukaryotic sexual diversity, there remains a need to determine the rates of sexual and asexual reproduction in natural populations. Moreover, life cycle diversity is predicted to be correlated with the reproductive system. Yet, most studies on reproductive variation have focused on diploid or diploid dominant organisms, hindering the ability to understand sex. Macroalgae can serve as useful models to overcome this limitation via life cycle and reproductive …

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The Impact Of O-Glcnac Signaling On Dna Hydroxymethylation In Temporal Lobe Epilepsy, Rudhab Bahabry Jan 2024

The Impact Of O-Glcnac Signaling On Dna Hydroxymethylation In Temporal Lobe Epilepsy, Rudhab Bahabry

All ETDs from UAB

Temporal Lobe Epilepsy (TLE) is the most prevalent form of focal epilepsy and the most treatment-resistant type. This condition is characterized by recurrent, unprovoked seizures typically originating in the hippocampus. Epigenetic modifications such as DNAme changes have been implicated in brain functions such as synaptic plasticity, learning and, memory, and cognition. The oxidation of DNA 5-methylcytosine (5-mC) and its oxidized form, 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) catalyzed by Ten-Eleven Translocation (TET) family of dioxygenases and linked to epilepsy's hyperexcitable state. Post‐translational modifications (PTMs) of proteins, such as O-GlcNAcylation, facilitate cells' immediate responses to intracellular or extracellular environmental stimuli by modifying the functions of …

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Evaluation Of Feed Intake, Growth, And Reproduction In The Zebrafish, Danio Rerio, Fed A Gel-Based Diet, Thomas Logan Holfelder Jan 2024

Evaluation Of Feed Intake, Growth, And Reproduction In The Zebrafish, Danio Rerio, Fed A Gel-Based Diet, Thomas Logan Holfelder

All ETDs from UAB

EVALUATION OF FEED INTAKE, GROWTH, AND REPRODUCTION IN THE ZEBRAFISH, DANIO RERIO, FED A GEL-BASED DIET THOMAS LOGAN HOLFELDER BIOLOGY ABSTRACT The zebrafish, Danio rerio, is a valuable pre-clinical model, aiding human health understanding and translational aquaculture. Comprehensive documentation of the culture of this model exists, with ongoing efforts to optimize husbandry requirements, particularly in the areas of diet and nutrition. Labor or mechanical costs related to feeding are high in most laboratories and alternative protocols to reduce feed handling would be beneficial and could allow the capability to monitor feed consumption. A commercially produced gel-based diet has a high …

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The Freshman Life And Student Health (Flash) Study: Using Social Network Analysis To Understand How Obesity And Stigma Impact Emerging Adult Health, Alena C. Borgatti Jan 2024

The Freshman Life And Student Health (Flash) Study: Using Social Network Analysis To Understand How Obesity And Stigma Impact Emerging Adult Health, Alena C. Borgatti

All ETDs from UAB

Both racial discrimination and weight stigma have been identified as risk factors for poorer mental, physical, and social health. College students are vulnerable to the effects of stigma, as they greatly value peer acceptance and friendships during a pivotal time of emotional and health behavior development. The present study was the first to use social network analysis to examine the impact of weight and racial discrimination on the development of college social relationships and how these experiences influence students’ physical and mental health. 1330 participants (69% of on-campus freshmen) completed a brief survey on social networks, physical health, mental health, …

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Early Childhood Educators’ Perceptions, Attitudes, And Beliefs On Use Of The Modern Classrooms Project: A Case Study, Christina Arriagada Jan 2024

Early Childhood Educators’ Perceptions, Attitudes, And Beliefs On Use Of The Modern Classrooms Project: A Case Study, Christina Arriagada

All ETDs from UAB

The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore how early childhood educators perceive the use of Modern Classrooms Project (MCP) in their classrooms. MCP is an instructional model that promotes blended, self-paced, and mastery-based learning with ties to constructivist teaching ideals. Data were collected using a teacher interview, observations, and the review of teacher resources such as lesson plans and student learning paths. Previous research found MCP was effective at the secondary level. Findings of this study showed that early childhood educators found MCP to be an effective instructional model to use in their classrooms. I identified three themes: …

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Inquiro 12 (Complete Issue), Inquiro Staff Jan 2024

Inquiro 12 (Complete Issue), Inquiro Staff

Inquiro (undergraduate research journal)

https://www.uab.edu/inquiro/issues/current-issue

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Investigating Hiv-1 Transmission To Human Cervix Using Reporter Virus Technologies, Dana Frances Indihar Jan 2024

Investigating Hiv-1 Transmission To Human Cervix Using Reporter Virus Technologies, Dana Frances Indihar

All ETDs from UAB

Around 39 million people globally are currently infected with Human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1), more than half of whom are women. HIV-1 is a retrovirus that infects and depletes an individual’s immune cells, culminating in the development of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) if not managed with anti-retroviral therapies (ART). Most women acquire HIV-1 through heterosexual intercourse. However, the early mechanisms and virologic determinants of HIV-1 transmission to women remain unclear. Herein, we demonstrate transmitted/founder (TF) HIV-1 representing two genetically and pathogenically distinct subtypes (A and D) in vivo have distinct replication phenotypes in an ex vivo cervical explant tissue (CET) …

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Pyoderma Gangrenosum, The Great Wound Masquerader, Paul Morris, Rohan Pareek, Farrah Ibrahim Jan 2024

Pyoderma Gangrenosum, The Great Wound Masquerader, Paul Morris, Rohan Pareek, Farrah Ibrahim

UAB Huntsville Research Day - All Presentations

2024 clinical vignette poster

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Development Of Radiochemistry Of 52mn For Pet Imaging Applications, James Mokaya Omweri Jan 2024

Development Of Radiochemistry Of 52mn For Pet Imaging Applications, James Mokaya Omweri

All ETDs from UAB

No abstract provided.

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The Role Of Altered Cell-Cell Communication Between Glia And Neurons In Alzheimer’S Disease, Tabea Marga Soelter Jan 2024

The Role Of Altered Cell-Cell Communication Between Glia And Neurons In Alzheimer’S Disease, Tabea Marga Soelter

All ETDs from UAB

Alzheimer’s disease is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disease and is characterized by progressive memory loss and cognitive decline, affecting behavior, speech, and motor abilities. The neuropathology includes the formation of extracellular amyloid-β plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles of phosphorylated tau. Additionally, neurons become functionally impaired before degenerating and dying. While neuronal loss is a disease hallmark, glia maintain neuronal health and homeostasis through cell-cell communication with neurons. Cellular crosstalk is mediated through the release of chemical intermediates (i.e., ligands), which are taken up by cell surface membrane receptors. Previous studies have shown dysregulation of global cell-cell communication patterns and communication …

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Optical Absorption Of Defects In Aluminum Nitride, Mackenzie Siford Jan 2024

Optical Absorption Of Defects In Aluminum Nitride, Mackenzie Siford

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Aluminum nitride (AlN) is an ultrawide bandgap semiconductor material known for its applications in high power microelectronic and optoelectronic devices due to its high thermal conductivity and high electrical resistivity. Point defects are known to hinder the material’s properties and are therefore a subject of interest in semiconductor materials research. The samples used in this work were grown by physical vapor transport (PVT) at Hexatech and they exhibit amber and clear coloration as well as a nonuniformity of charge, which was investigated. Experiments were carried out by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and photo-EPR spectroscopy in order to detect the defect …

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Growing Need For A Standardized Response To Radiopharmaceutical Extravasations, Michael Richard Drelich Jan 2024

Growing Need For A Standardized Response To Radiopharmaceutical Extravasations, Michael Richard Drelich

All ETDs from UAB

Extravasations are medical occurrences where an injected or infused pharmaceutical is unintentionally deposited into the soft tissue near the injection site, rather than into the bloodstream. With radiopharmaceuticals, extravasations can result in potentially large radiation doses to skin and tissue. The current rate of extravasations in clinical settings is estimated to be between 3-23%. In the interest of patient safety, a clearer understanding of the dosimetry and differences in extravasation scenarios to simplify dose estimation is needed. Similarly, the NRC is considering modifying regulations to include extravasations as reportable medical events rather than to continue considering them as patient interventions. …

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Towards A Biobehavioral And Social-Structural Model Of Inflammation And Executive Function In Pediatric Obesity: A Pilot Longitudinal Study, Kathryn P. King Jan 2024

Towards A Biobehavioral And Social-Structural Model Of Inflammation And Executive Function In Pediatric Obesity: A Pilot Longitudinal Study, Kathryn P. King

All ETDs from UAB

Pediatric chronic health conditions (CHCs) prevalence has increased post-COVID- 19, and CHCs affect children’s psychosocial development while representing significant family and societal financial burden. Interventions addressing CHC outcomes and psychosocial sequelae would benefit from examining and targeting biobehavioral and social-structural influences on such outcomes. Chronic inflammation and executive function (EF) deficits represent cross-cutting biobehavioral processes, promising novel targets, are vulnerable to social-structural influences, and common across CHC populations. Pediatric obesity represents a model CHC to examine, given its strong ties to chronic inflammation, EF deficits, health behavior, and SES, in addition to its increased prevalence in the wake of COVID-19. …

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Environmental Influences On The Physiology Of Cnidarians And Their Symbionts, Shelby Gantt Jan 2024

Environmental Influences On The Physiology Of Cnidarians And Their Symbionts, Shelby Gantt

All ETDs from UAB

Corals and other cnidarians maintain complex symbioses that include photosynthetic endosymbiotic dinoflagellates (Symbiodiniaceae), protozoans, fungi, bacteria, archaea, and other metazoans, collectively known as the holobiont. The stability of these associations is crucial for holobiont resilience and adaptation to environmental conditions and are the results of long-term ecological and evolutionary processes. Environmental factors such as light availability, seasonal environmental fluctuations, and warmer, more acidic conditions can disrupt these symbiotic associations and alter holobiont functioning. To understand the influence of different environments on cnidarian host and symbiont physiology, two framework coral species (Acropora palmata and Orbicella faveolata) from nursery-raised and wild populations …

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The Modification Of Single Domain Antibody Framework And Variable Regions To Impart Novel Pharmacodynamic And Pharmacokinetic Properties, Lucinda Ann Hall Jan 2024

The Modification Of Single Domain Antibody Framework And Variable Regions To Impart Novel Pharmacodynamic And Pharmacokinetic Properties, Lucinda Ann Hall

All ETDs from UAB

In recent years, nanobodies have become important theranostic molecules, and research has focused on improving their pharmacokinetics and binding for novel targets. Nanobodies are characterized by their high kidney uptake, leading to potentially unsafe exposure of the kidneys when delivering cytotoxic payloads. Researchers hypothesize that positively charged amino acids contribute to this kidney uptake. To address this, we assessed the impact of substituting lysine residues within the 2Rs15d HER2 nanobody scaffold to alanine on its in vivo pharmacokinetics using positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. We found that nanobodies bearing lysine-to-alanine substitutions maintained their affinity for HER2. Characterization of the K88A …

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Examining Anti-Racist Attitudes In Maternity Care Workers, Angelina Aduke Toluhi Jan 2024

Examining Anti-Racist Attitudes In Maternity Care Workers, Angelina Aduke Toluhi

All ETDs from UAB

Racism in maternity care has been identified as one of the major contributors to the persistent racial disparities in maternal health outcomes in the United States (US). Antiracism is a term used to describe the practice of actively identifying and opposing racism with the goal of changing policies, attitudes, behaviors, and beliefs that continue to foster racist ideas and actions. The results of this convergent mixed method research study reveal that racism and other forms of racial discrimination during maternity care may lead to adverse pregnancy outcomes in Non-Hispanic Black (NHB) pregnant patients in Southern US. In the first aim, …

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Non-Catalytic Regulators Of The Secretory Pathway, Peyton Vanwinkle Jan 2024

Non-Catalytic Regulators Of The Secretory Pathway, Peyton Vanwinkle

All ETDs from UAB

This thesis focuses on two key questions: 1) how are bone development and regeneration regulated by the CREB3L1 transcription factor; and 2) what is the mechanism of action of the endoplasmic reticulum resident protein JAGN1, which when dysregulated, causes severe congenital neutropenia (SCN)? CREB3L1 regulates bone development and regeneration in mammalian models by facilitating the expression of COL1A1 and components of the secretory pathway required for collagen secretion. We generated two zebrafish models of Creb3l1 dysfunction (creb3l1ΔbZIP/ΔbZIP and creb3l1TA+/TA+). Both models showed that Creb3l1 functions in regulating col1a1a transcription and overall regenerate size are conserved in zebrafish. However, we also …

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Knocking At The Door: The Life And Legacy Of Dr. James Montgomery, Haley Eloise Wells Jan 2024

Knocking At The Door: The Life And Legacy Of Dr. James Montgomery, Haley Eloise Wells

All ETDs from UAB

The life and work of Black Birmingham cardiologist, Dr. James T. Montgomery, demonstrates the importance of viewing the history of health activism and Birmingham civil rights history as two interconnected histories that influenced each other. Traditionally, secondary scholarship on the Birmingham civil rights movement and scholarship on the history of healthcare have been treated as two separate areas of study. Scholars such as Glenn Eskew and Diane McWhorter have written extensively on the civil rights movement in Birmingham, but their scholarship excludes any comprehensive discussion of the fight for racial justice within Birmingham’s medical field. Conversely, scholars such as Thomas …

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Unmasking Molecular Mechanisms Of Multiple Maladies Through Multiomic Methodologies, Luke Potter Jan 2024

Unmasking Molecular Mechanisms Of Multiple Maladies Through Multiomic Methodologies, Luke Potter

All ETDs from UAB

Much modern biomedical research is invested in determining causative molecular mechanisms and identifying potential therapeutics within human disease or injury. Traditional experiments such as over-expressing or “knocking out” the level of a gene’s abundance can determine the specific contribution of a single gene to a pathology and are a vital component of scientific research. However, taking a big picture approach through the application of ‘omics technologies can lead to a broader overall understanding of a pathology and can potentially generate numerous specific hypotheses to be tested using the more traditional molecular approaches. In this dissertation, transcriptomic and epigenomic technologies, measuring …

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Barbara Dane: The Forgotten Activist, Jacob Kennedy Jan 2024

Barbara Dane: The Forgotten Activist, Jacob Kennedy

All ETDs from UAB

Barbara Dane is best understood as an unsung hero of the New Left and Folk Revival because since her graduation from high school in 1945, she has used every resource at her disposal to support and grow various movements. She has picketed for the labor movement, canvassed for the Progressive party, traveled to Mississippi to perform for the civil rights movement and SNCC, marched for peace as part of the anti-war movement, and performed and advocated for the Feminist movement throughout her lifetime. Dane has traveled the globe from war-torn Prague in 1947, Cuba in 1966, and Northern Vietnam in …

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Physiologically Relevant Cardiac Tissue Chips For Cardiovascular Disease Modeling, Sachin Budhathoki Jan 2024

Physiologically Relevant Cardiac Tissue Chips For Cardiovascular Disease Modeling, Sachin Budhathoki

All ETDs from UAB

Despite significant advances in our understanding of the molecular basis of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and the development of new therapeutics, it remains the number one cause of death worldwide, particularly affecting the aging population. This necessitates the development of models that can more accurately recreate aspects of aging and the interaction of the heart with other organs and systems in the body, including the immune system. Tissue chip models are being increasingly considered for studying cardiac diseases as they can potentially address translational hurdles associated with animal models, yet several challenges hinder their full potential. These include a lack of …

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Insulin Responses, Diet Composition, And Fat Loss, Amanda Finn Jan 2024

Insulin Responses, Diet Composition, And Fat Loss, Amanda Finn

All ETDs from UAB

Some but not all studies show participants who have higher baseline insulin responses lose more weight on a low glycemic load compared to a high glycemic load diet. Most prior research tested the relationship between insulin and weight changes with only one insulin response variable, such as insulin from an orally or intravenously (IV) administered metabolic test. We tested whether insulin responses (IV or oral) predicted changes in body fat among participants undergoing diet-induced weight loss. This study was a secondary analysis of a clinical trial. In the parent study, participants were randomized to either a reduced carbohydrate (ReducedCHO) or …

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Does Ceo Education Matter? The Relationship Between Doctoral-Educated Hospital Ceos And Organizational Performance, Kofi Ali Cash Jan 2024

Does Ceo Education Matter? The Relationship Between Doctoral-Educated Hospital Ceos And Organizational Performance, Kofi Ali Cash

All ETDs from UAB

One of the most pressing issues in healthcare strategic leadership research is identifying which hospital chief executive officer (CEO) characteristics possess a significant and favorable relationship to organizational performance. However, little is known about the relationship between hospitals led by doctoral-educated CEOs and organizational performance. This study adds to our knowledge by examining the relationship between doctoral-educated hospital CEOs and selected financial and patient safety outcomes. UET served as the theoretical framework and guided the examination of the relationship between the selected dependent and independent variables. This study’s population included 509 acute-care hospitals across nine states, requiring a minimum four-year …

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Utilization Of Romosozumab During Covid-19 Pandemic Among U.S. Medicare Beneficiaries, Ye Liu Jan 2024

Utilization Of Romosozumab During Covid-19 Pandemic Among U.S. Medicare Beneficiaries, Ye Liu

All ETDs from UAB

Osteoporosis is increasingly recognized as a major public health issue in the aging U.S. population. Shortly after the licensure of romosozumab, an injectable medication indi-cated for women with postmenopausal osteoporosis at high risk of fracture administered by health care provider monthly, the COVID-19 pandemic broke out, which caused ma-jor disruptions to the delivery of health care across the nation. The pandemic dispropor-tionately affected minority and economically disadvantaged communities, exacerbating many pre-existing health disparities. Romosozumab has the highest dosing frequency among common injectable osteoporosis medications in the U.S. that require an office visit for injection, making romosozumab adherence more susceptible to …

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Diagnostic Imaging Approaches: Pet Imaging In Monitoring Immune Responses In Oncology And Tuberculosis, Chanelle Hunter Jan 2024

Diagnostic Imaging Approaches: Pet Imaging In Monitoring Immune Responses In Oncology And Tuberculosis, Chanelle Hunter

All ETDs from UAB

Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging agents play a transformative role in personalized medicine through their application in disease diagnosis and immunotherapy monitoring, focusing on chemokine receptors, TH1-activated immune cells, and tuberculosis (TB) diagnostics. In immuno-oncology, accurately assessing TH1-activated immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) is vital for evaluating cancer immunotherapy efficacy. Chemokine receptors, crucial in cellular signaling and inflammatory reactions, play a significant role in TH1 responses, thus serving as a potential area of interest in elucidating these anti-tumor responses. Through our work a novel CXCR3-targeting immunoPET probe, [89Zr]DFO-αCXCR3, was developed to detect and quantify these cells. This probe …

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Titanium-45 Radiochemistry For The Development Of Pet Radiopharmaceuticals, Fnu Shefali Jan 2024

Titanium-45 Radiochemistry For The Development Of Pet Radiopharmaceuticals, Fnu Shefali

All ETDs from UAB

Imaging using nuclear medicine techniques has enabled non-invasive measurements of biomarkers for a wide range of diseases including cancer and neurodegenerative disorders. The production and characterization of new radioisotopes are crucial steps in designing radiopharmaceuticals for nuclear imaging applications. 45Ti is a novel radionuclide with desired physical characteristics for use in Positron Emission Tomography (PET) imaging. The half-life of 3.08 h is ideal for the imaging of small peptides. In addition, the 45Ti decay by positron emission (85 %) and a low mean positron energy (0.439 MeV) offers high spatial resolution. The production route of 45Ti is straightforward due to …

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Phosphate Drives Pulmonary Inflammation Through Fgfr1, Erk, And Akt Signaling, Seth Bollenbecker Jan 2024

Phosphate Drives Pulmonary Inflammation Through Fgfr1, Erk, And Akt Signaling, Seth Bollenbecker

All ETDs from UAB

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized as irreversible progressive loss of renal function and affects over one tenth of the global population. Although CKD-associated comorbidities contribute significantly to its mortality, the lungs are often not considered. Lung diseases make up three of the top six leading causes of death worldwide and share many comorbidities with CKD. Clinical reports show that CKD patients are more likely to develop obstructive and restrictive lung diseases, but the mechanisms underlying this propensity for CKD-associated pulmonary complications are unknown. Hyperphosphatemia and associated elevations of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 23, two of many consequences of reduced …

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Predictive Modeling Using Clinical Data And Compositional Microbiome Data, Li Zhang Jan 2024

Predictive Modeling Using Clinical Data And Compositional Microbiome Data, Li Zhang

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This dissertation focuses on developing predictive modeling using data from two areas: clinical data and microbiome data. Compositional data in real life are mainly represented by relative proportions. With the advancement of next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology, researchers can now collect a large volume of metagenomic sequencing data, which is valuable for investigating associations between the microbiome and host diseases. Current methods for dealing with such data are either constrained by generalization or limited by application. In the first part, to address this, we propose Bayesian compositional generalized linear models for analyzing microbiome data (BCGLM). This model incorporates a structured regularized …

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Using Hope To Cope: Chronic Stress, Religious Coping, And Masked Hypertension In African American Adults: The Jackson Heart Study, Miriam Miles Jan 2024

Using Hope To Cope: Chronic Stress, Religious Coping, And Masked Hypertension In African American Adults: The Jackson Heart Study, Miriam Miles

All ETDs from UAB

USING HOPE TO COPE: CHRONIC STRESS, RELIGIOUS COPING, AND MASKED HYPERTENSION IN AFRICAN AMERICAN ADULTS: THE JACKSON HEART STUDY ABSTRACT Chronic stress experienced at home or work has been associated with acute increases in blood pressure (BP) measured in the doctor’s office. Few data are available on the association of chronic stress with BP measured outside of the office setting. Religious coping, applying religious beliefs to adapt to stressful situations, and functional and structural social support may protect against MHT by promoting active coping behaviors and increasing emotional well-being. High levels of religious involvement and high social support have been …

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