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The T Cell Response In A Mouse Model Of Multiple System Atrophy, Nicole Jane Corbin-Stein Sep 2024

The T Cell Response In A Mouse Model Of Multiple System Atrophy, Nicole Jane Corbin-Stein

All ETDs from UAB

Multiple System Atrophy (MSA) is a fatal and rare demyelinating synucleinopathy, characterized by the accumulation of alpha-synuclein (α-syn) in glial cytoplasmic inclusions (GCIs) within oligodendrocytes. This condition is marked by neuroinflammation, demyelination, and neurodegeneration in areas showing GCI pathology, involving antigen presentation by myeloid cells and infiltration of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Despite strong evidence of neuroinflammation in post-mortem MSA tissue, the specific mechanisms driving the disease pathogenesis remain elusive. In prior research using the Olig001-SYN mouse model, which involves the modified AAV vector, it was shown that depleting CD4+ T cells can reduce neuroinflammation and demyelination. Notably, this …

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Testicular Phenotypes Of Rdhe Dko Mice, Aja Slay Sep 2024

Testicular Phenotypes Of Rdhe Dko Mice, Aja Slay

All ETDs from UAB

The bioactive form of vitamin A, all-trans-retinoic acid (RA), plays a critical role in cell differentiation, metabolism, and cellular proliferation by regulating gene transcription. RA signaling is critical during embryogenesis to ensure proper development and during adulthood for tissue maintenance. Disruption of the RA signaling pathway induced by vitamin A deficiency and genetic defects in vitamin A metabolizing enzymes results in embryonic malformations. Previous studies implicate the short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR) family members as important in RA synthesis. Among the SDR family are retinol dehydrogenase epidermal 2 (RDHE2) and RDHE2-similar (RDHE2S)- collectively RDHE. To gain insight into how RDHE influences the …

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Hope In Hyperbaric Medicine: A New Approach To Treat Neurological Injury, Lucas Andrew Lowe Sep 2024

Hope In Hyperbaric Medicine: A New Approach To Treat Neurological Injury, Lucas Andrew Lowe

All ETDs from UAB

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) has emerged as a promising adjunctive treatment approach for various neurological diseases. This literature review explores the role of HBOT in the treatment of spinal cord injuries. The review discusses the mechanisms of action by which HBOT exerts its effects on neural tissues, such as oxygen delivery, anti-inflammatory actions and neuroprotection. The analysis also highlights the findings from cellular biology, animal studies and clinical trials, offering insights into the potential benefits of HBOT in improving neurological injury outcomes and enhancing patients' quality of life. Furthermore, it addresses the safety considerations and guidelines for the application of …

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Investigation On The Epigenetic Mechanisms Modified By Dietary Phytochemicals In Inhibiting Mammary Cancer, Mohammad Mijanur Rahman Sep 2024

Investigation On The Epigenetic Mechanisms Modified By Dietary Phytochemicals In Inhibiting Mammary Cancer, Mohammad Mijanur Rahman

All ETDs from UAB

Breast cancer (BC) is global burden for the health of women. It is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in women and the second leading cause of cancer mortality among women in the United States. One in every eight women in the USA has a chance of developing invasive BC in her lifetime. The limitations of the available therapeutics for BC treatment have brought the dietary prevention of BC to the attention of the scientific community as a safe, natural, and easy to implement therapeutic strategy. In this regard, our laboratory with many other laboratories have demonstrated the anti-BC effect of …

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Use Of Molecular Dynamics Simulations To Characterize Structural Interactions Of Protein And Drug In Antiviral Drug Discovery, Caitlin Joan Smith Sep 2024

Use Of Molecular Dynamics Simulations To Characterize Structural Interactions Of Protein And Drug In Antiviral Drug Discovery, Caitlin Joan Smith

All ETDs from UAB

Since 2019, the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 the etiological cause of the COVID-19 pandemic has led researchers and physicians to look for effective antiviral treatments as interventions in mitigating COVID-19 disease. The severity of the disease and the limitations of current treatments have led to antiviral drug research beyond currently approved antiviral drugs. Many antivirals exist and are currently approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for other viral illnesses, yet currently only remdesivir and nirmatrelvir/ritonivir are approved for COVID-19 (October 2020, May 2023, respectively), while molnupiravir is still under emergency FDA use authorization [1, 2, 3]. Here, we have …

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Promoting Endogenous Cardiomyocyte Proliferation In Large Mammal Hearts Via Cell Transfer Therapy Or Apical Resection: Understanding The Underlying Mechanism, Yuhua Wei Sep 2024

Promoting Endogenous Cardiomyocyte Proliferation In Large Mammal Hearts Via Cell Transfer Therapy Or Apical Resection: Understanding The Underlying Mechanism, Yuhua Wei

All ETDs from UAB

Cardiovascular diseases are the leading causes of global death. Due to the limit regenerative capacities of adult mammalian cardiomyocytes (CMs), myocardium is repaired with non-contractile fibrotic scar after a myocardial infarction (MI). Various strategies, including apical resection (AR) and cardiac cell therapy, are being explored to promote heart regeneration after MI. This dissertation research aimed to identify proliferating pig CM population after AR and understand the underlying mechanism of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) derived CMs (hiPSC-CMs) implantation for regenerating the pig hearts after MI. Our previous study showed that AR prolonged the heart regeneration window to postnatal day-28 …

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Hydrogen Peroxide Regulates Protein N-Glycosylation, Alexandria Hernandez-Nichols Sep 2024

Hydrogen Peroxide Regulates Protein N-Glycosylation, Alexandria Hernandez-Nichols

All ETDs from UAB

N-glycosylation is a co- and post-translational modification wherein a variety of sugars are added to proteins in a linear pathway progressing from high mannose (HM) to hybrid, to complex type N-glycans. This modification is important to the understanding of protein maturation, stability, and function. Studies have shown that changes in cell N-glycomes, in particular, the HM N-glycan category, could be hallmarks of various pathologies. The biosynthetic pathway for N-glycosylation is well studied and the key enzymes involved in the progression of HM to hybrid N-glycans are the a-mannosidases. Little is understood about the regulation of this highly complex post-translational modification …

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Everyday Functioning In Middle Aged And Older Adults With Hiv: Factors That Influence Everyday Functioning And Awareness Of Functioning, Alexandra Elaine Jacob Sep 2024

Everyday Functioning In Middle Aged And Older Adults With Hiv: Factors That Influence Everyday Functioning And Awareness Of Functioning, Alexandra Elaine Jacob

All ETDs from UAB

With combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), the population of older people living with HIV (PLWH) is growing. There is a need to better understand everyday functioning, including instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs), to improve real-world outcomes for this clinical population. This dissertation attempts to (1) characterize factors related to self-report and performance of IADLs in PLWH, (2) examine correlates of self-awareness for functional abilities, and (3) apply a theoretical model to examine complex relationships between factors that impact self-awareness for functional abilities. Participants in these retrospective analyses included 260 PLWH who completed a comprehensive neurobehavioral evaluation including neuropsychological tests, measures …

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Combination Of 64/67cu Theranostics And Immunotherapy Targeting Fibroblast Activation Protein In Triple Negative Breast Cancer, Fnu Sharmila Sridhar Sep 2024

Combination Of 64/67cu Theranostics And Immunotherapy Targeting Fibroblast Activation Protein In Triple Negative Breast Cancer, Fnu Sharmila Sridhar

All ETDs from UAB

Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) makes up 10-20% of breast cancer cases. Even with advancements in science, TNBC is treatment resistant due to the lack of any type of hormonal receptors on the cell surface making it difficult for targeted hormonal therapy. New research avenues have led to studies of the Tumor-microenvironment (TME) in detail. TME is a complex network of stromal cells, extracellular matrix (ECM) and cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs) with pro-tumorigenic properties and plays a major role in tumor growth. Fibroblast activation protein (FAP) is a marker of CAF and promotes ECM remodeling through several pathways and has …

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It's A Man's World: The Association Between Safe Sex Practices, Relationship Power, & Resilience Among African American Emerging Adults Between 18-24 In The Deep South, Jessica Morgan Sep 2024

It's A Man's World: The Association Between Safe Sex Practices, Relationship Power, & Resilience Among African American Emerging Adults Between 18-24 In The Deep South, Jessica Morgan

All ETDs from UAB

The purpose of this dissertation was to examine the impact that power imbalance has on safe sex practices among African American emerging adults. The objectives included: provide a thorough review of preexisting literature that explores the impact of power imbalance on safe sex practices among African American women; understand the impact that power imbalance has on safe sex practices among African American emerging adults comparing data from men and women; and understand if resilience is associated with power imbalance among African American emerging adult women in the United States. Utilizing a retrospective, cross-sectional, quantitative study design, three methods were used …

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Biologic Evaluation Of 64cu & 67cu As Potential Theranostic Agents For Cancer Radiotherapy, Lakshmi Madhusoodanan Sep 2024

Biologic Evaluation Of 64cu & 67cu As Potential Theranostic Agents For Cancer Radiotherapy, Lakshmi Madhusoodanan

All ETDs from UAB

Immunotherapy has become a mainstay in the treatment of several types of cancer, with the potential to induce durable remission, albeit in a limited percentage of patients. More recently, radiopharmaceuticals have gained recognition in cancer treatment due to their ability to localize within cancer cells and deliver radiation, reducing adverse effects precisely. Cancer radiotherapy has the potential to synergize with immunotherapy due to its induction of immunogenic cell death (ICD), which results in distinct cellular injuries such as the formation of single-strand breaks (SSBs) and double-stranded breaks (DSBs), disruption of mitochondrial integrity, and the excessive generation of reactive oxygen species …

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Determination Of Readthrough Susceptibility Among Different Schwann Cell Lines Carrying Nonsense Mutations, Trushali Vansadia Sep 2024

Determination Of Readthrough Susceptibility Among Different Schwann Cell Lines Carrying Nonsense Mutations, Trushali Vansadia

All ETDs from UAB

Neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF1) is a genetic disorder that affects the nervous system through the formation of tumors or neurofibromas. Encoded by the NF1 gene, neurofibromin functions as a tumor suppressor by converting active GTP-Ras to inactive GDP-Ras. 20% of NF1 patients carry a genomic nonsense mutation, which generates a premature termination codon (PTC) in the NF1 mRNA, leading to the formation of a truncated neurofibromin protein. Termination at PTCs can be suppressed by the incorporation of an amino acid at the site of the PTC, also known as readthrough. Readthrough results in continued translation elongation downstream of the PTC …

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Disruption Of Cochlear Development By Murine Cytomegalovirus Infection And Therapeutic Approaches That Prevent Hearing Loss, Matthew Smith Sep 2024

Disruption Of Cochlear Development By Murine Cytomegalovirus Infection And Therapeutic Approaches That Prevent Hearing Loss, Matthew Smith

All ETDs from UAB

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a ubiquitous virus, infecting greater than 50% of most populations worldwide. Although rarely causing symptomatic infection in immunocompetent individuals, HCMV can cause life-threatening and severe end-organ disease in immunocompromised hosts including the developing fetus. HCMV can cross the placenta and is the most common viral infection of the developing fetus. Most newborn infants with congenital HCMV infection (cCMV) exhibit no clinical evidence of infection; however, up to 15% will develop long term neurodevelopmental sequelae including sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). No prophylactic vaccines or effective antiviral treatments exist for cCMV infection, which may in part be secondary …

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The Relationship Between Socioeconomic Status And Polygenic Risk Scores On Body Mass Index Among Non-Hispanic White Americans, Tomiwa Joshua Ayetigbo Sep 2024

The Relationship Between Socioeconomic Status And Polygenic Risk Scores On Body Mass Index Among Non-Hispanic White Americans, Tomiwa Joshua Ayetigbo

All ETDs from UAB

The prevalence of obesity in the United States remains high, especially among individuals of low socioeconomic status (SES). Studies examining the joint influence of genetics and social factors, such as early life SES and education, in association with obesity remain underreported. These social factors might be related to a heightened risk of obesity. Genetic factors may further exacerbate the high-weight predisposition of those at risk. Genetic and social factors may act together to shape individuals’ weight. Therefore, this research ex-amined (a) whether the association between polygenic risk for BMI (PGS-BMI) and Body Mass Index (BMI) is independently modified by early …

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The Association Between Environmental Factors And Substance Use Outcomes Among A Vulnerable Veteran Population, Leah Nixon Bryan Sep 2024

The Association Between Environmental Factors And Substance Use Outcomes Among A Vulnerable Veteran Population, Leah Nixon Bryan

All ETDs from UAB

Background. Illicit substance use among veterans is a complex and multifaceted issue. As individuals who have served in the armed forces return to civilian life, they may face a range of challenges, including mental health issues, physical injuries, and difficulties readjusting to societal norms. Unfortunately, for some veterans, these challenges can contribute to the allure of illicit substances as a coping mechanism. The intersection of the unique stressors associated with military service creates a population with an increased vulnerability to select health and psychosocial issues and susceptible to substance misuse (Tsai & Rosenheck, 2015). In addition to military experiences, environmental …

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The Relationship Of Sleep Disturbance And Disease-Related Factors On Neural And Neurocognitive Function In Youth Living With Sickle Cell Disease, Tiffany Devaughn Tucker Sep 2024

The Relationship Of Sleep Disturbance And Disease-Related Factors On Neural And Neurocognitive Function In Youth Living With Sickle Cell Disease, Tiffany Devaughn Tucker

All ETDs from UAB

Youth living with sickle cell disease (SCD) often face neurocognitive challenges, regardless of accompanying neurological issues. SCD involves red blood cell deformation, leading to complications including chronic anemia, vaso-occlusion, and acute crises such as pain and overt stroke. While screening and intervention advancements have improved survival, enhancing functional capacity and quality of life (QoL) remains a targeted area of intervention. Disease-related factors, sleep disturbances, and social determinants significantly impact neurocognitive health in youth living with SCD. Deficits across all cognitive domains, including attention, working memory, and executive function (EF), are common, affecting academic achievement and QoL. Brain-related issues, such as …

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Mapping Work Histories And Measuring Work Quality: Differences By Race, Gender, And Motherhood, Clifford James Ross Sep 2024

Mapping Work Histories And Measuring Work Quality: Differences By Race, Gender, And Motherhood, Clifford James Ross

All ETDs from UAB

It is well-established that work has a strong association with health and that work is also a key driver of health inequality. However, there is little research that incorporates multiple components of work into one cohesive measure and examines how work patterns unfold over the life course. By incorporating three theoretical frameworks (1) The Sociology of Work and Health, (2) The Life Course, and (3) The Stress Process, and using over 40 years of employment data (collected from 1979-2018) from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 (N=3,302), I introduce a comprehensive work measure called “Work Quality”. Then, using work …

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Surface-Engineered Nano/Micro-Hybrid Polymer Systems For Environmental Health And Safety, Renjith Rajan Pillai Sep 2024

Surface-Engineered Nano/Micro-Hybrid Polymer Systems For Environmental Health And Safety, Renjith Rajan Pillai

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Environmental pollution involves the introduction of harmful substances into the natural environment, leading to detrimental effects on ecosystems, wildlife, and human health. This dissertation aims to advance comprehension of environmental pollution and explore efficient, environmentally friendly, and cost-effective methods of remediation. Recently, there has been increasing concern about the environmental impact of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs), a subgroup of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs), and Heavy Metals (HMs) pollution, both known for their carcinogenic and mutagenic properties. These pollutants can significantly harm human health through inhalation, ingestion, or contact with contaminated soil, potentially resulting in conditions such as encephalopathy, kidney dysfunction, …

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A Histone Methyltransferase Contributes To Treatment Resistance In Npm1c Aml, Neha Srinivas Sep 2024

A Histone Methyltransferase Contributes To Treatment Resistance In Npm1c Aml, Neha Srinivas

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Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a blood cancer marked by the rapid growth of abnormal myeloid cells, driven by various genetic mutations. AML accounts for approximately 1% of all cancers and presents complicated prognosis and treatment. Menin inhibitors have shown potential in targeting AML. However, resistance to these inhibitors presents a significant clinical obstacle, as patients treated with menin inhibitors are increasingly developing resistance to the treatment. Using CRISPR-Cas9 mediated screening, we identified an epigenetic regulator contributing to resistance against menin inhibitors in AML. Utilizing knockout (KO) models of the epigenetic regulator in-vitro, ex-vivo, and in-vivo, we observed a growth …

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Improving Molecular Diagnosis Success Rates And Prognosis Prediction For Patients With Rare Diseases, Tarun Karthik Kumar Mamidi Sep 2024

Improving Molecular Diagnosis Success Rates And Prognosis Prediction For Patients With Rare Diseases, Tarun Karthik Kumar Mamidi

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Rare diseases are medical conditions that affect a small number of people compared to the general population. There are more than 10,000 estimated rare diseases with 80% being genetic in origin, which although individually have a relatively low prevalence, collectively impact the lives of hundreds of millions of people worldwide. The diagnosis process is usually difficult and slow, but an accurate and early diagnosis can be crucial for disease treatment and management. This dissertation focuses on some of the important problems in this area by investigating the application of advanced machine learning methods to enhance the accuracy, precision, and efficiency …

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Investigating The Impacts Of Staphylococcus Aureus Small Colony Variant Infection In The Cystic Fibrosis Rat Lung, Gretchen E. Bollar Sep 2024

Investigating The Impacts Of Staphylococcus Aureus Small Colony Variant Infection In The Cystic Fibrosis Rat Lung, Gretchen E. Bollar

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Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal-recessive genetic disease characterized by recurrent and chronic airway infections. Staphylococcus aureus is currently the most common organism isolated from the CF lung, but its role as a pathogen has been historically difficult to characterize due to a broad range of genetic diversity and subtypes seen across infectious strains. Small colony variants (SCVs) are a subpopulation of S. aureus marked by slow growth rate and impaired metabolism that have been associated with worse respiratory outcomes in people with CF (pwCF). SCVs also exhibit altered colony morphology and can confound the results of traditional diagnostic assays, …

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Interactions Between Oral Cancer Cells And Enterococcus Fecalis And Their Impact On Perineural Invasion, Sree Ramya Bhamidipaati Sep 2024

Interactions Between Oral Cancer Cells And Enterococcus Fecalis And Their Impact On Perineural Invasion, Sree Ramya Bhamidipaati

All ETDs from UAB

Oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell cancers (OSCC and OPSCC) are some of the most common cancers in the world. The overall 5-year survival rate is 68.5%, which drops to 39.3% in patients with later-stage cancers. This research aims to evaluate the effects of Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) on the OSCC and OPSCC's tumor progression. E. faecalis is associated with asymptomatic, persistent endodontic infections and was found at a higher rate in OSCC patients. We hypothesize that cancer cells and Enterococcus faecalis (Ef) interact to affect the tumorigenic properties of oral cancer cells. OSCC cells from different parts of the oral …

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Understanding Biopsychosocial Influences On Physical Activity And Quality Of Life In Breast Cancer Survivors, Erica A. Schleicher Sep 2024

Understanding Biopsychosocial Influences On Physical Activity And Quality Of Life In Breast Cancer Survivors, Erica A. Schleicher

All ETDs from UAB

Receiving a breast cancer diagnosis and subsequent treatment can be life-altering, presenting numerous challenges. Breast cancer treatments are effective at allowing women to live longer, but often impose long-term side-effects that survivors must manage for years. Exercise is an effective way to address many long-term side-effects of breast cancer treatment, yet 63-83% of breast cancer survivors do not meet recommended physical activity (PA) guidelines. Due to the complexity of cancer and treatment options, cancer-related factors have potential biopsychosocial impacts that can influence exercise habits, attitudes toward PA (i.e., social cognitive theory (SCT) constructs), and potentially quality of life (QoL). It …

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The Effect Of Progranulin On Lysosomal Function In Bv2 Cells, Michelle Park Sep 2024

The Effect Of Progranulin On Lysosomal Function In Bv2 Cells, Michelle Park

All ETDs from UAB

Neurodegenerative diseases afflict nearly 7 million people in United states, constituting a significant portion of the 600 known neurological disorders. Characterized by the gradual loss of neurons and axons within the central nervous system (CNS), these conditions stem from chronic inflammatory activation of the brain. Chronic inflammation disrupts important processes such as autophagy lysosome pathway, a self-degradative process that eliminates protein aggregates and damaged organelles. Trehalose, a non-reducing disaccharide that triggers autophagic flux in neuronal cells and promotes the clearance of protein aggregates; however, without understanding the mechanism behind how trehalose affects these functions, it lacks value. In our study, …

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Biological Clock, Robert Mcduff Sep 2024

Biological Clock, Robert Mcduff

Astarte (literary magazine)

p. 3

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Astarte 2 (Front Matter), Astarte Staff Sep 2024

Astarte 2 (Front Matter), Astarte Staff

Astarte (literary magazine)

pp. -1

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Astarte 2 (Complete Issue), Astarte Staff Sep 2024

Astarte 2 (Complete Issue), Astarte Staff

Astarte (literary magazine)

No abstract provided.

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September 4, 2024 Blazer Weekly, University Of Alabama At Birmingham Sep 2024

September 4, 2024 Blazer Weekly, University Of Alabama At Birmingham

Blazer Weekly (student newsletter)

No abstract provided.

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August 27, 2024 Ereporter, University Of Alabama At Birmingham Aug 2024

August 27, 2024 Ereporter, University Of Alabama At Birmingham

eReporter (campus newsletter)

No abstract provided.

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August 9, 2024 Ereporter, University Of Alabama At Birmingham Aug 2024

August 9, 2024 Ereporter, University Of Alabama At Birmingham

eReporter (campus newsletter)

No abstract provided.

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