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The Role Of Macrophages In Pressure-Overload Induced Cardiac Remodeling, Bindiya Dinesh Patel
The Role Of Macrophages In Pressure-Overload Induced Cardiac Remodeling, Bindiya Dinesh Patel
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Cardiac pressure-overload is a state of increased hemodynamic load and is initially characterized by concentric left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy, but can transition to eccentric hypertrophy and adverse LV remodeling leading to heart failure (HF). Cardiac remodeling during pressure-overload is accompanied by dysregulated collagen deposition, cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, and increased inflammatory signaling. Both clinical and preclinical studies have documented increased expression of inflammatory cytokines and leukocyte infiltration in the pressure-overloaded heart, indicating inflammatory mechanisms are active during cardiac remodeling. Despite the well-known link between leukocyte infiltration and exacerbated tissue injury, the role of innate immune cells, particularly monocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells, …
Investigating Phenotypic Severity Associated With Sister Chromatid Cohesion Defects In Human Disease, Stefanie Marie Percival
Investigating Phenotypic Severity Associated With Sister Chromatid Cohesion Defects In Human Disease, Stefanie Marie Percival
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INVESTIGATING PHENOTYPIC SEVERITY ASSOCIATED WITH SISTER CHROMATID COHESION DEFECTS IN HUMAN DISEASE STEFANIE M. PERCIVAL GRADUATE BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES ABSTRACT Sister chromatid cohesion (SCC) is a process that utilizes a proteinaceous ring, cohesin, for accurate chromosome segregation. An essential process in S phase termed cohesion establishment is necessary to stabilize cohesin rings around sister chromatids. Mutations in establishment of cohesion homolog 2 (ESCO2), a protein essential for cohesion establishment, cause a developmental disorder called Roberts Syndrome (RBS). Cytogenetic analysis in patients reveals heterochromatic repulsion (HR), a centromeric puffing, indicative of cohesion defects. The severity of phenotypes varies from preterm lethal to …
Elucidating The Physiologic And Prognostic Significance Of N-Myc And Stat Interactor Using Models Of Mammary Development And Metastasis, Hawley Christine Pruitt
Elucidating The Physiologic And Prognostic Significance Of N-Myc And Stat Interactor Using Models Of Mammary Development And Metastasis, Hawley Christine Pruitt
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Distant metastasis of breast carcinoma reduces the five year survival rate of patients from 90% to a dismal 25%. Although the metastatic cascade has been extensively studied for decades, players that influence the progression of metastatic disease remain elusive. N-MYC and STAT Interactor (NMI) is a gene previously demonstrated by Devine et. al. to be downregulated with metastatic progression of breast cancer. However, due to the lack of a relevant genetic model, details of biological consequence of the loss of expression of this gene were unknown. We have constructed and characterized a mammary specific Nmi knock out mouse to elucidate …
Structure/Function Studies Of Yersinia Pestis Metal Transport Systems, Christopher David Radka
Structure/Function Studies Of Yersinia Pestis Metal Transport Systems, Christopher David Radka
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The largest market sector of the global antibiotics industry is on the verge of becoming obsolete because the incidence of β-lactam antibiotic resistance in the clinic continues to rise. Therefore, we are in dire need of new therapeutics to address the increasing threat of antibiotic resistance. Novel targets that could lead to a new drug class are ABC (ATP-binding cassette) importers, which are only found in bacteria. The substrate-binding protein (SBP) components of these transporters present an intriguing subject of study because of their abundance in the cell and potential roles in infection. As a contribution to the scholarship of …
Effective Recruiting For Subgroups In The Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial (Sprint), Thomas Marshall Ramsey
Effective Recruiting For Subgroups In The Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial (Sprint), Thomas Marshall Ramsey
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EFFECTIVE RECRUITING FOR SUBGROUPS IN THE SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE INTERVENTION TRIAL (SPRINT) THOMAS MARSHALL RAMSEY HEALTH EDUCATION / HEALTH PROMOTION ABSTRACT Background: The Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial (SPRINT) recruitment focused on participants > 50 years old with systolic blood pressure of > 140 mm Hg (hypertension) with no evidence of diabetes or previous stroke. Priority participants were targeted in non-clinical subgroups (women and minorities) as well as three clinical subgroups (pre-existing cardiovascular disease, pre-existing chronic kidney disease, > 75 years old). Objective: The objective of this secondary analysis is to determine which of the five recruiting strategies was most effective? Which recruitment …
Uncovering The Role Of Common Gamma-Chain Cytokines In Aspergillus Fumigatus Associated Diseases, Kristen Marie Reeder
Uncovering The Role Of Common Gamma-Chain Cytokines In Aspergillus Fumigatus Associated Diseases, Kristen Marie Reeder
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Fungal pathogens contribute to a wide range of diseases that are largely dependent on the host’s immune state. In the case of immune suppression, Aspergillus fumigatus is the causative agent of invasive aspergillosis. Furthermore, asthmatics sensitized to fungi such as Aspergillus fumigatus are reported to have more severe asthma. We have previously described a role for IL-22 in mouse models of invasive aspergillosis and fungal asthma. IL-22 was found to play a protective role in invasive aspergillosis, while it was found to play an immunopathogenic role in asthma. Here we describe the cell sources of IL-22 in both models. We …
The Effects Of Incubation Environment On The Phenotype Of Hatchling Turtles: Implications For Ecology, Evolution, And Conservation, Taylor Matthew Roberge
The Effects Of Incubation Environment On The Phenotype Of Hatchling Turtles: Implications For Ecology, Evolution, And Conservation, Taylor Matthew Roberge
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Temperature-dependent sex determination has significant implications for the ecology, evolution, and conservation of reptiles because it can affect sex ratios, reproduction and fitness in a population. The studies presented in this dissertation characterized the impact of temperature on sex determination using both laboratory- and field-based experiments. The effects of fluctuating temperature on sex ratio, incubation duration, and hatchling phenotype were examined at 28.2 ± 5°C and 31 ± 3°C. Fluctuating incubation temperature was found to extend incubation duration, relative to constant incubation temperatures, in both cases and resulted in a significant difference in sex ratio when eggs were incubated at …
Wet-Lay Process - A Novel Approach To Scalable Fabrication Of Tissue Scaffolds And Reinforcement Membranes, Andrew Thomas Wood
Wet-Lay Process - A Novel Approach To Scalable Fabrication Of Tissue Scaffolds And Reinforcement Membranes, Andrew Thomas Wood
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Fibrous materials received a great deal of interest in the fields of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine due to the beneficial cell-interactions and tunable properties for various biomedical applications. These materials are highly advantageous as they provide a large surface area for cellular attachment, proliferation, high porosity values for cellular in-growth, and the ability to modify the membrane to achieve desired responses to both mechanical loading as well as environmental stimuli. A prominent method currently used to fabricate such membranes is electrospinning which uses electrostatic forces to produce fibers on the range of nanometers giving them high morphological saliency to …
Striatal Acetylcholine And Dopamine Modulation In A Mouse Model Of Dyt1 Dystonia, Chelsea Zimmerman
Striatal Acetylcholine And Dopamine Modulation In A Mouse Model Of Dyt1 Dystonia, Chelsea Zimmerman
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DYT1 dystonia is a neurological movement disorder characterized by sustained muscle contractions causing twisting and repetitive movements or abnormal posture. While many movement disorders are due to loss of neurons, DYT1 dystonia does not present with any gross abnormalities. As of now, the most common form of treatment is anticholinergics. Since anticholinergic are the most effective pharmacotherapy and “paradoxical excitation” has been shown in when quinpirole, D2R agonist, is bath applied on cholinergic interneurons, we began by examining acetylcholine efflux in a DYT1 knock-in mouse model. Our studies provide evidence that at basal levels, there is a hypercholinergic state present …
Correlation Of Preoperative Analysis Of Cbct Gray Value With Implant Primary Stability, Luis Gerardo Guzman Suarez
Correlation Of Preoperative Analysis Of Cbct Gray Value With Implant Primary Stability, Luis Gerardo Guzman Suarez
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Objective: This study aims to investigate the correlation between the gray values (GV) of Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) analyzed by two commonly used implant planning software (coDiagnostiX, and Simplant®) and the primary stability of dental implants by measuring insertion torque value (ITV) and Resonance Frequency Analysis (ISQ). Materials and Methods: Thirty-eight patients planned to receive a total of 102 dental implants (Straumann Bone Level Tapered) were enrolled in the study. At time of implant placement, ITV in Ncm with a Bien-Air iChiropro implant console, resonance frequency analysis (ISQ) with an Osstell device, and the surgeon’s estimated torque of placement …
Pterostilbene Inhibits The Progression Of Breast Cancer Through The Down-Regulation Of The Human Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase (Htert) And The Akt/Mtor/P70s6k Pathway, Michael Daniel
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Breast cancer is currently the most commonly diagnosed and second most common cause of cancer related deaths among women in the United States. Although overall breast cancer death rates have dropped over the past decades, current chemotherapeutic methods often prove ineffective and result in off-target, cytotoxic effects. Recently, the use of natural, dietary compounds as agents of chemoprevention and therapy has become increasingly provocative. Pterostilbene (PT), a stilbenoid found largely in the blueberries, has been shown to exhibit both antioxidant and antiproliferative effects in a variety of cancer types. We observed that PT, at physiological concentrations, inhibits the proliferation, cell …
Type I Myofiber Grouping: Myofiber Phenotype And Implications For Muscle Performance In Older Adults And Parkinson Disease, Kelley Grace Hammond
Type I Myofiber Grouping: Myofiber Phenotype And Implications For Muscle Performance In Older Adults And Parkinson Disease, Kelley Grace Hammond
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Neuromuscular morphology and function undergo changes with increasing age and Parkinson disease (PD) pathology. Motor unit reorganization occurs by denervation-reinnervation events which lead to diminishing random distribution of myofibers and type I myofiber grouping. Grouped type I myofibers maintain type II features such as hypertrophic capacity and myonuclear addition, sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase 1 expression, and lower capillarization. Though age-related type I myofiber grouping has been qualitatively described in the literature, this was the first study to characterize the phenotype of grouped type I myofibers in older adults. Furthermore, we identified a magnified degree of type I myofiber grouping in …
Behavioral Markers Of Supraspinal Pain In Clinically Relevant Models Of Spinal Cord Injury, Kathryn Yamamoto Henley
Behavioral Markers Of Supraspinal Pain In Clinically Relevant Models Of Spinal Cord Injury, Kathryn Yamamoto Henley
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The majority of people suffering from neuropathic pain as a result of a spinal cord injury (SCI) do not experience effective pain relief with currently available therapeutics. One aspect of preclinical studies that may be limiting the development of successful analgesics is the assessment of pain in animal models of SCI. Previous work has relied primarily on withdrawal reflexes to indicate pain; however, there is evidence that suggests this is an inadequate measure of pain sensation as spinal reflexes do not reflect the supraspinal processing of nociceptive information. The use of withdrawal responses is especially challenging in the context of …
Implementation Of Repeat Hiv Testing During Pregnancy In Kenya, Anna Joy Graves Rogers
Implementation Of Repeat Hiv Testing During Pregnancy In Kenya, Anna Joy Graves Rogers
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It is estimated that a third of all mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV occurs in women with incident HIV infection during pregnancy, potentially contributing to over 37,000 pediatric HIV infections globally and 4,300 infections in Kenya on an annual basis. Since most pregnant women with acute HIV infection test negative for HIV during routine early-pregnancy antenatal testing, they may not receive access to life-saving antiretroviral therapy (ART) for their own sake, as well as to prevent perinatal HIV transmission. A comprehensive strategy to eliminate MTCT will require identifying and addressing incident HIV infection. International recommendations suggest that pregnant women in …
Indirect Interactions Affect The Dynamics Of Multidrug Resistance Proteins And Sortase A, Bryan C. Roessler
Indirect Interactions Affect The Dynamics Of Multidrug Resistance Proteins And Sortase A, Bryan C. Roessler
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The concerted model of allosteric protein regulation suggests that the conformational states of a protein are tightly coupled. Therefore, modifications to a protein (or its substrate) that biases the system towards a specific state will also affect the structure and function of other protein domains, even if the site of the modification and the affected domains do not appear to directly interact. These modfications can manifest as gain-of-function (e.g., biasing the active state and thereby promoting protein function and increasing the affinity for activating substrates), loss-of-function (e.g., biasing the inactive state and thereby antagonizing protein function and decreasing the affinity …
The Effect Of Cultural Competency Training Programs On Expatriate Nurses' Levels Of Cultural Competence In Saudi Arabia As Measured By The Inventory For Assessing The Process Of Cultural Competence (Iapcc-R), Naof Faiz Saleem Al-Ansary
The Effect Of Cultural Competency Training Programs On Expatriate Nurses' Levels Of Cultural Competence In Saudi Arabia As Measured By The Inventory For Assessing The Process Of Cultural Competence (Iapcc-R), Naof Faiz Saleem Al-Ansary
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The study examined the relationship between cultural competence training programs and the levels of cultural competence among expatriate nurses in Saudi Arabia. Cultural competence training programs are believed to increase the awareness of expatriate nurses in Saudi Arabia in regards to issues that might arise from cultural differences between patients and healthcare providers. Healthcare professionals, and healthcare organizations, emphasize the importance of culturally competent healthcare environments in providing optimum healthcare services to individuals from different cultural backgrounds. Findings from the study suggested that participation in cultural competency training is associated to higher cultural competency scores. Additionally, age was positively associated …
Streptococcus Pneumoniae In The Heart Subvert The Host Response Through Biofilm-Mediated Resident Macrophage Killing, Anukul T. Shenoy
Streptococcus Pneumoniae In The Heart Subvert The Host Response Through Biofilm-Mediated Resident Macrophage Killing, Anukul T. Shenoy
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During invasive disease, blood circulating Streptococcus pneumoniae are capable of invading the heart and forming bacteria filled cardiac microlesions. These microlesions are devoid of immune cells and disruptive of cardiac functionality. While the mechanisms underlying pneumococcal invasion of the myocardium are well-described, how the heart-invaded pneumococci evade immune detection and clearance is unknown. Since its discovery in 1881, invasive pneumococcal disease has been associated with the presence of extracellular diplococci or short chains in affected tissues. Herein, we show that heart-invaded pneumococci replicate within cellular vesicles and transition into biofilms. Although the host cell permissible for intracellular replication is yet …
The Effect Of Temperature On Different Resin Cements Used For Cementing A Milled Titanium Bar, Firas Mourad
The Effect Of Temperature On Different Resin Cements Used For Cementing A Milled Titanium Bar, Firas Mourad
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Purpose: To investigate the effect of acrylic processing on push-out strength of Ti copings luted to Milled Ti frameworks using differing resin cements. Materials and Methods: The experimental design consisted of three groups of 30 specimens each. Three different luting cements were utilized (One for each group), Panavia V5 Dual Cure Kuraray, Multilink Dual Cure Hybrid Ivoclar-Vivadent, and RelyX Unicem-2 self-adhesive 3M. The experimental model consists of trans-mucosal Titanium Coping, Abutment analog, Milled Ti hollow cylinder (9.0mm-OD) represents the milled Ti bar. The Abutment copings were luted to milled-Ti cylinders using the 3 dental cements and an alignment jig to …
Sleep Following Traumatic Brain Injury: A Qualitative Descriptive Study, Rachael Marie Mumbower
Sleep Following Traumatic Brain Injury: A Qualitative Descriptive Study, Rachael Marie Mumbower
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Introduction: Recent estimates suggest that as many as half of all survivors of Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) may be experience sleep disturbances or disorders. Although quantitative research has resulted in a greater understanding of the prevalence, symptomology, and conditions associated with sleep, little is known regarding the sleep experiences of survivors of moderate-severe TBI, after their discharge from inpatient rehabilitation. The purpose of this qualitative descriptive study was to describe the sleep experiences of adults with moderate-severe TBI after rehabilitation. Methods: Qualitative descriptive inquiry was used to explore and describe sleep experiences of survivors of moderate-severe traumatic brain injury TBI …
Development Of Small Molecule Inhibitors Of S. Mutans Glucosyltransferases For The Prevention Of Dental Caries, Bhavitavya Nijampatnam
Development Of Small Molecule Inhibitors Of S. Mutans Glucosyltransferases For The Prevention Of Dental Caries, Bhavitavya Nijampatnam
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Streptococcus mutans is the primary cariogenic agent of dental caries. This bacterium has developed numerous mechanisms to attach to tooth surfaces and initi-ate the proliferation of biofilms. In addition, S. mutans contributes to the acidification of the oral cavity, as it produces lactic acid from dietary sugars, which ensues tooth decay. Currently marketed caries therapies do not selectively kill cariogenic species, instead they disrupt the whole natural oral flora in the oral cavity including the beneficial species. In order to develop a species specific therapeutic agent, we have targeted the S. mutans glucosyltransferases (Gtfs) for our structure-based drug design. These …
Evaluation Of Peripheral And Mucosal T Cell Phenotypes Of Chlamydia-Infected Women, Brian Makori Omwena Ogendi
Evaluation Of Peripheral And Mucosal T Cell Phenotypes Of Chlamydia-Infected Women, Brian Makori Omwena Ogendi
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Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) infection is the most prevalent bacterial sexually transmitted infection worldwide and women are disproportionately affected due to its reproductive complications. T cell phenotypes present during CT infection have been well characterized in the murine model, but remain to be elucidated in humans. Therefore, studies aimed at increasing our understanding of T cell phenotypes in CT-infected humans were the focus of this dissertation. The first chapter of this dissertation reviews various aspects of chlamydial infection while in the second chapter aims to address the influence of CT infection on T cell phenotypes. We first compared differences in peripheral …
Sonpavde Receives Award At European Multidisciplinary Meeting On Urological Cancer For Prostate Cancer Research, Staff
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No abstract provided.
Attractive Drug Candidate Identified To Target Glioma Brain Tumors, Jeff Hansen
Attractive Drug Candidate Identified To Target Glioma Brain Tumors, Jeff Hansen
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No abstract provided.
Attractive Drug Candidate Identified To Target Glioma Brain Tumors, Jeff Hansen
Attractive Drug Candidate Identified To Target Glioma Brain Tumors, Jeff Hansen
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No abstract provided.
Uab Receives Grant To Study Promising Treatment For Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia, Beena Thannickal
Uab Receives Grant To Study Promising Treatment For Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia, Beena Thannickal
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No abstract provided.
Uab Named Nih Clinical Center For Groundbreaking Exercise Trial To Map Molecular Underpinnings Of Health Benefits, Christina Crowe
Uab Named Nih Clinical Center For Groundbreaking Exercise Trial To Map Molecular Underpinnings Of Health Benefits, Christina Crowe
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No abstract provided.
Uab Named Nih Clinical Center For Groundbreaking Exercise Trial To Map Molecular Underpinnings Of Health Benefits, Staff
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No abstract provided.
Uab Receives Grant To Study Promising Treatment For Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia, Staff
Uab Receives Grant To Study Promising Treatment For Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia, Staff
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No abstract provided.
Four New Nsf Grants -- Three In Neuroscience -- Deepen Uab's Research Portfolio, Forge Collaborations, Jeff Hansen
Four New Nsf Grants -- Three In Neuroscience -- Deepen Uab's Research Portfolio, Forge Collaborations, Jeff Hansen
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No abstract provided.
Uab Fall Commencement Ceremony, Doctoral Hooding Dec. 17, Staff
Uab Fall Commencement Ceremony, Doctoral Hooding Dec. 17, Staff
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No abstract provided.