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Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 And Heterochromatin Protein 1 Beta Regulate Neural And Neural Crest Development, Chih-Liang Tien Jan 2016

Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 And Heterochromatin Protein 1 Beta Regulate Neural And Neural Crest Development, Chih-Liang Tien

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Epigenetic factors control gene expression via modulating chromatin conformation. Current studies on epigenetics mainly focus on biochemical mechanisms or functions of epigenetic factors in cancer or neurobiology. The underlying mechanism for epigenetic regulation in early embryonic development, particularly neural and neural crest development, is not well understood. In this thesis, the model organism, Xenopus laevis, is used to study epigenetic factors – polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) and heterochromatin protein 1 beta (HP1β) in neural and neural crest development. In chapter one, the processes of neural and neural crest development are described, and the concepts of epigenetic mechanisms, such as …

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Addressing School District Readiness For Elementary Health Education Using The Transtheoretical Model, Sarah Toth Jan 2016

Addressing School District Readiness For Elementary Health Education Using The Transtheoretical Model, Sarah Toth

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The elementary classroom offers a potentially favorable setting to impact student health. However, research indicates that elementary health education (EHE) is frequently omitted or haphazardly delivered. Traditional efforts in educational change have had limited success and lack a theoretical foundation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the organizational readiness of a public school district in Alabama for the delivery of 60 minutes of weekly EHE using constructs of the Transtheoretical Model (TTM). This study was intended to identify the stage of readiness, decisional balance, self-efficacy, the extent to which the school district was engaging in behaviors that may …

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The Experience Of The Expectant Mother Follwing A Diagnosis Of A Fetal Anomaly, Janet Adams Tucker Jan 2016

The Experience Of The Expectant Mother Follwing A Diagnosis Of A Fetal Anomaly, Janet Adams Tucker

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statistical analysis to estimate the parameters of a general linear model. Yet, when the

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Methods For Analysis Of Genetic Differences In Sex And Ethnicity For Complex Human Traits, Yogasudha Veturi Veturi Jan 2016

Methods For Analysis Of Genetic Differences In Sex And Ethnicity For Complex Human Traits, Yogasudha Veturi Veturi

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In the last two decades, thousands of genome-wide association (GWA) analyses have been published. These studies have been primarily conducted using data from Caucasians and many of the reported findings have not been replicated in other populations, perhaps reflecting that the underlying architecture of effects may vary across ethnically diverse groups. Similarly, the possibility that the genetic architecture of traits may vary between males and females has also been overlooked. We propose a methodology for estimation and testing of effect heterogeneity between groups such as sex or ethnicity that involves modeling genotype-by-group random interactions. Using simulations, we show that the …

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Liberty And Collaboration For All: A Case Study On Collective Impact, Social Capital, And Community Inclusion, Laura Peyton Vickery Jan 2016

Liberty And Collaboration For All: A Case Study On Collective Impact, Social Capital, And Community Inclusion, Laura Peyton Vickery

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Disenfranchised communities often face exclusion at the hands of outside organizations trying to assist. Citizens within the community are excluded and left with few means of actively participating in the conversation and development surrounding these communities. This paper takes the position that the imbalance of power dynamics, where citizens become subjects, does not fully utilize the potential of those inside and those from outside the community. As discussed in Chapter 1, utilizing social capital to build networks and integrate insider and outsider organizations and resources will ultimately create optimization. Chapter 2 uncovers historical examples of civic life and a new …

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Pay For Performance In Dentistry: Is It Worth It?, Andreea Voinea-Griffin Jan 2016

Pay For Performance In Dentistry: Is It Worth It?, Andreea Voinea-Griffin

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Introduction: The variability of dental care and the slow implementation of evidence-based dentistry point to the need for change. Pay for performance (P4P) programs may foster quality improvement if appropriately designed. This work demonstrates the use of modeling and simulation to evaluate such programs prior to deployment. An example is provided in the form of a P4P program for the treatment of occlusal early caries (EC) in permanent teeth. Research Design: The proposed P4P program evaluation consists of two steps. First step is to determine the optimal treatment. In this example, three non-invasive treatments (NTs), watchful-waiting (WW), sealants, and fluoride …

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Effect Of Margin Design On Fracture Strength Of Zirconia Crown, Eleni Voltidi Jan 2016

Effect Of Margin Design On Fracture Strength Of Zirconia Crown, Eleni Voltidi

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Purpose: To compare the fracture load of monolithic Zirconia crowns and E-max crowns with different margin designs and to create a guideline for margin design for monolithic Zirconia crowns. Methods: Digital design of prep maxillary molar tooth was performed with TOC 20 degrees and occlusal reduction 1 mm and axial reduction 1 mm and two different margin designs (group 1: Shoulder 0.8mm group 2: Light Chamfer 0.3mm). Dies were milled using Ultra Crystal material. Monolithic Zirconia crowns were milled (n=9 in group 1 and n=8 in group 2). Crowns were cemented with Rely X luting Plus. The specimens were stored …

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Germline Restriction Of B Cell Receptor Repertoire Influences Antigenic Epitope Recognition And Primary Antibody Deficiency Pathogenesis, Yuge Wang Jan 2016

Germline Restriction Of B Cell Receptor Repertoire Influences Antigenic Epitope Recognition And Primary Antibody Deficiency Pathogenesis, Yuge Wang

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Part I. Mouse Studies Complementarity determining region 3 of the immunoglobulin (Ig) H chain (CDR-H3) lies at the center of the antigen binding site where it often plays a decisive role in antigen recognition and binding. Amino acids encoded by the diversity (DH) gene segment are the main component of CDR-H3. Each DH has the potential to rearrange into one of six DH reading frames (RFs), each of which exhibits a characteristic amino acid hydrophobicity signature that has been conserved among jawed vertebrates by natural selection. A preference for use of RF1 promotes the incorporation of tyrosine into CDR-H3 while …

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Investigating The Mechanisms Of Dopaminergic Signaling In Regulating Refractive Error, Alexander Hadwyn Ward Jan 2016

Investigating The Mechanisms Of Dopaminergic Signaling In Regulating Refractive Error, Alexander Hadwyn Ward

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Myopia is a significant public health problem. Most juvenile-onset myopia occurs because the eye becomes too long for its own optics. We study mechanisms regulating refractive error in an animal model, the tree shrew (Tupaia glis belangeri), a mammal closely related to primates. We use translucent diffusers to induce form deprivation myo-pia (FDM). A role of the retinal dopaminergic system has been validated during the de-velopment of FDM. In this study, in Specific Aim 1, we used intravitreal injections as a way to deliver sub-stances to the retina to investigate their effect on eye growth and induced myopia. However, a …

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Cell Signaling Pathways As Targets For Precision Medicine In Head And Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Alice Weaver Jan 2016

Cell Signaling Pathways As Targets For Precision Medicine In Head And Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Alice Weaver

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Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a heterogeneous disease with high rates of recurrence and mortality. Unlike other cancer types, genome sequencing studies have failed to produce clinically actionable targets to improve HNSCC management. Therefore, alternative methods are needed to study the molecular mechanisms responsible for disease progression and response to therapy. The focus of this research was to determine how dysregulation of cell signaling pathways affects outcomes in HNSCC. In HPV-positive HNSCCs, we hypothesized that HPV induces dysregulation of the DNA damage response which mediates differences in therapeutic sensitivity and survival. We identified a defect in DNA …

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From The Mouths Of Mentors: A Qualitative Case Study Exploring The Perspectives Of African-American Men Who Mentor Secondary School-Aged African-American Males, Tonya Michelle Wheeler-Anthony Jan 2016

From The Mouths Of Mentors: A Qualitative Case Study Exploring The Perspectives Of African-American Men Who Mentor Secondary School-Aged African-American Males, Tonya Michelle Wheeler-Anthony

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High profile deaths of unarmed African-American males caused much discourse in the years 2012 through 2015. Embedded in the news and on the minds of people of all ages were these deaths and the circumstances that surrounded them. Documentation of actions by some of the young males indicated that questionable behaviors existed prior to their demise. However, little documentation exists regarding attempts to assist these African-American male youths in changing these undesirable behaviors. One traditional approach to meeting the needs of African-American male students occurs through mentoring. Although, the My Brother’s Keeper Initiative launched by President Obama’s administration sparked an …

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Interplay Between Her2, Parp1, And Nf-Κb In Breast Cancer: Potential Therapeutic Implications, Monicka Ewa Wielgos Jan 2016

Interplay Between Her2, Parp1, And Nf-Κb In Breast Cancer: Potential Therapeutic Implications, Monicka Ewa Wielgos

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We previously reported that HER2+ breast cancers are susceptible to Poly (ADP-Ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) alone, agents that are efficacious against homologous recombination (HR) deficient tumors. However, this phenomenon was determined to be independent of a HR repair deficiency but rather due to suppression of NF-κB activity and signaling by PARP inhibition. Further, HER2 overexpression itself was necessary and sufficient to confer this susceptibility. Interestingly, PARP1 and phosphorylated RelA/p65 (NF-κB) levels were found to be elevated in human HER2+ breast cancers compared to luminal breast cancers. These data suggest a possible interplay between HER2, PARP1, and NF-κB, and how this …

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The Effect Of Data-Entry Template Design And Anesthesia Provider Workload On Documentation Quality, Documentation Efficiency, And User-Satisfaction, Bryan Anthony Wilbanks Jan 2016

The Effect Of Data-Entry Template Design And Anesthesia Provider Workload On Documentation Quality, Documentation Efficiency, And User-Satisfaction, Bryan Anthony Wilbanks

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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationships between method of data entry into electronic health records and anesthesia provider workload on: (a) documentation efficiency, (b) intraoperative anesthesia documentation accuracy, and (c) user satisfaction. The study was separated into three papers. The first paper is an integrative literature review on how accuracy was defined in anesthesia information management systems. The second paper was a state-of-the-science literature review that presents evidence-based guidelines for interface design for data entry into electronic health records. The third paper was an empirical study to detect relationships among all of the concepts of interest …

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Structural Basis For Lipid-And Calmodulin-Mediated Akt Activation In Breast Cancer Cells, Constance Agamasu Jan 2016

Structural Basis For Lipid-And Calmodulin-Mediated Akt Activation In Breast Cancer Cells, Constance Agamasu

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Growth and survival signals initiated at the cell surface by receptor-ligand interactions often involve a downstream activation of Akt, a serine/threonine kinase critical in regulating cell survival, apoptosis and oncogenesis. Hyper-activation of Akt is a common tumorigenic event, thereby making the Akt activation pathway a prime target for cancer therapy. The translocation of Akt to the plasma membrane (PM) for phosphorylation is a critical step in the Akt activation pathway. It has been established that membrane binding of Akt is mediated by direct interactions between its pleckstrin homology domain (PHD) and membrane lipid phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate [PI(3,4,5)P3]. There is now emerging …

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Role Of Autocrine And Paracrine Wnt Signaling In Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Stem Cells, Puneet Agarwal Jan 2016

Role Of Autocrine And Paracrine Wnt Signaling In Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Stem Cells, Puneet Agarwal

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Treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) with BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) fails to eradicate the leukemia stem cells (LSCs) from which the disease arises. Previously, we and others have shown that LSC persistence is related to kinase-independent mechanisms and mediated in part by signals from the bone marrow microenvironment (BMM). Specifically, we found that WNT signaling from the BMM may contribute to preservation of CML LSC following TKI treatment. Wnt secretion and activity requires their palmitoylation by the Porcupine acyltransferase (PORCN). WNT974 (formerly LGK974) is a potent PORCN inhibitor that blocks WNT signaling and demonstrates in vivo efficacy against …

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Examining Preschool Teachers' Subjective Beliefs Toward Developmentally Appropriate Practices: A Saudi Arabian Perspective., Ahlam Abdullah Alghamdi Jan 2016

Examining Preschool Teachers' Subjective Beliefs Toward Developmentally Appropriate Practices: A Saudi Arabian Perspective., Ahlam Abdullah Alghamdi

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The purpose of the current study was to explore preschool teachers’ subjective beliefs toward developmentally appropriate practices (DAP) and developmentally inappropriate practices (DIP), as identified by the National Association of the Education of Young Children (NAEYC) in Saudi Arabia. Additionally, an investigation was conducted on what might account for cultural influences regarding teachers’ beliefs toward DAPs and DIPs. Q-methodology, as a mixed-method approach, was utilized to collect, analyze, and interpret the data in a two-phase, sequential explanatory design. In the first phase, 37 preschool teachers subjectively sorted 50 cards representing DAP and DIP items in terms of what they considered …

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Mechanisms Of Innate And Adaptive Immune Function In Parkinson Disease, Heather Elizabeth Allen Jan 2016

Mechanisms Of Innate And Adaptive Immune Function In Parkinson Disease, Heather Elizabeth Allen

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Parkinson disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative movement disorder characterized pathologically by loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and aggregation of alpha-synuclein (α-syn) into large inclusions. The association of mutations and gene multiplications in SNCA, the gene encoding α-syn, with rare familial forms of PD led to the discovery that α-syn plays a key role in the pathogenesis of PD. The mechanism by which α-syn mediates its toxicity remains uncertain. A leading hypothesis states that the toxic effects of α-syn are mediated by activation of both the innate and adaptive immune systems within the central nervous system. Supporting …

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Expanding Pulmonary Rehabilitation Access With Technology, Erica Mccarron Anderson Jan 2016

Expanding Pulmonary Rehabilitation Access With Technology, Erica Mccarron Anderson

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ii EXPANDING PULMONARY REHABILITATION WITH TECHNOLOGY ERICA MCCARRON ANDERSON COMMUNITY HEALTH & HUMAN SERVICES ABSTRACT Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a major cause of mortality and morbidity in the United States. COPD is a chronic, progressive lung disease characterized by irreversible airway obstruction. Symptoms include fatigue, chronic cough, excess mucus production and shortness of breath. These symptoms often impair quality-of-life. There are many interventions aimed at improving health related qualityof- life for patients living with COPD. Pulmonary rehabilitation is a multidisciplinary program exercise, education and psychosocial support. Pulmonary rehabilitation is well established to decrease symptoms in all stages of …

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Retentive Strength At The Zirconia Implant Abutment And Titanium Base Interface With Different Surface Treatments, Celin Arce Jan 2016

Retentive Strength At The Zirconia Implant Abutment And Titanium Base Interface With Different Surface Treatments, Celin Arce

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Screw-retained zirconia implant crowns with an internal titanium base have favorable mechanical properties compared to single piece zirconia implant crowns; however, they require adequate bonding between the zirconia crown and the titanium base. This study measures the retention between a titanium base and a full contour zirconia implant crown following different surface treatments of their bonded surfaces. Full contour zirconia implant crowns were fabricated to fit a 3.5mm titanium base. The crowns were bonded to the titanium bases following 4 protocols (n=15): no surface treatment (Group 1), MDP-primer on the intaglio of crown and exterior of base (Group 2), alumina …

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Low Power Oscillator Based Sensor Signal Monitoring System, A K M Arifuzzman Jan 2016

Low Power Oscillator Based Sensor Signal Monitoring System, A K M Arifuzzman

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With the advances in the integrated circuit technologies, various types of micro- and nano-sensors are increasingly being utilized in different fields such as medical monitoring, wireless health monitoring, structural health monitoring, where low power consumption, small dimensions, multi-signal sensing capabilities and wireless telemetry are required. Various types of bio-electrical signals are used in the medical sensor systems for diagnostics as well as therapeutic interventions. Usually, bio-signals have the common features of low frequency, and low amplitude level. In this work, a low current sensor signal monitoring system has been proposed and developed, which possesses several merits in terms of high …

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Patient Engagement Functionalities Facilitated By Health Information Technology: An Examination Of The Adoption Rate And Financial Performance Among U.S. Hospitals, Oghale Elijah Asagbra Jan 2016

Patient Engagement Functionalities Facilitated By Health Information Technology: An Examination Of The Adoption Rate And Financial Performance Among U.S. Hospitals, Oghale Elijah Asagbra

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The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid (CMS) meaningful use requirement, as well as documented evidence suggest that health information technology (HIT) has the potential to promote patient engagement and consequently improve quality and reduce cost. This prompts a better understanding of hospital adoption of HIT for patient engagement. The purpose of the three papers presented in this dissertation is to examine hospital adoption of health information technology (HIT) to facilitate patient engagement. Emphasis is placed on the functionalities (i.e., functions or capabilities) offered by these technologies that have been determined to allow patients be more involved in their care because …

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The Role Of Hydrogen Peroxide In The Modulation Of Capsule Biosynthesis In Streptococcus Pneumoniae Serotype 2, Jocelyn Renee Hauser Jan 2016

The Role Of Hydrogen Peroxide In The Modulation Of Capsule Biosynthesis In Streptococcus Pneumoniae Serotype 2, Jocelyn Renee Hauser

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Streptococcus pneumoniae is a gram-positive bacterial pathogen that causes diseases such as pneumonia, meningitis, bacteremia and middle ear infections. The major virulence factor of S. pneumoniae is its polysaccharide capsule. The capsule enables the organism to evade host defenses by providing protection against complement-mediated opsonophagocytosis in systemic sites and by allowing the organism to successfully colonize the nasopharynx. The nasopharynx is the natural reservoir of S. pneumoniae. In the nasopharynx, S. pneumoniae is in a high oxygen (O2) environment, however when it has the opportunity to bypass host defenses and invade systemic sites, it reaches environments with low O2. Capsule …

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Novel Biomarkers For Parkinson Disease, Kyle Bradley Fraser Jan 2016

Novel Biomarkers For Parkinson Disease, Kyle Bradley Fraser

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Parkinson disease (PD) is the most common neurodegenerative movement disorder for which no treatments exist capable of slowing progression of the disease. One obstacle slowing the development of novel therapies is the lack of molecular biomarkers for PD prognosis, tracking of disease progression, and assessing efficacious target engagement of compounds that do reach clinical trials. Missense mutations in LRRK2 account for between 1-5% of late onset PD and lead to increases in LRRK2 kinase activity and LRRK2 autophosphorylation. This thesis characterizes the secretion of LRRK2 into extracellularly secreted microvesicles called exosomes. We find that kinase-active LRRK2 is secreted within exosomes …

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Capacity Of The 3m True Definition Scanner To Make Repeatable Impressions Depending On Placement Of Margins In Relation To Gingival Height., Ricardo Jose Galindo Ramirez Jan 2016

Capacity Of The 3m True Definition Scanner To Make Repeatable Impressions Depending On Placement Of Margins In Relation To Gingival Height., Ricardo Jose Galindo Ramirez

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Purpose: To determine the precision and accuracy of the True Definition Scanner (3M) (TDS) to capture margins at different gingival heights. Materials and Methods: A typodont with soft gingiva and removable indexed Ivorine® teeth was used. Tooth #19 was prepared to fit an all-ceramic crown with a chamfer margin. Spacers placed beneath the prepared tooth elevated #19 in the typodont and controlled the tooth margin height relative to the gingival margin. The TDS was used as an intraoral scanner. A total of 50 scans were made with 5 groups of 10 scans each. In Group 1 (control) the prepared tooth …

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Copper Chaperone In Streptococcus Mutans Biofilm Formation And Dispersion Of Biofilms By Small Molecules, Sandra Stephanie Garcia Jan 2016

Copper Chaperone In Streptococcus Mutans Biofilm Formation And Dispersion Of Biofilms By Small Molecules, Sandra Stephanie Garcia

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program pilot study randomly assigned 100 women, aged 19 to 25 to two groups. One

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Neurobiological Consequences Of Perinatal Ssri Exposure, Matthew Edward Glover Jan 2016

Neurobiological Consequences Of Perinatal Ssri Exposure, Matthew Edward Glover

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Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) have been a mainstay pharmacological treatment for women experiencing depression during pregnancy and postpartum for nearly three decades. Recently, though, growing evidence indicates that early-life SSRI exposure triggers long-lasting behavioral abnormalities. Clinically, children exposed to SSRIs in early life exhibit increased internalizing behavior, reduced social behavior, and increased risk for depression in adolescence. Similarly, in rodents, perinatal SSRI exposure leads to increased traits of anxiety- and depression-like behavior. Interestingly, certain individuals are more susceptible to early-life SSRI exposure than others, suggesting that perinatal SSRI exposure poses greater risks for negative outcome within certain populations; however, …

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Emotion Socialization And Emotional Functioning In Late Adolescence And Emerging Adulthood, Jinhong Guo Jan 2016

Emotion Socialization And Emotional Functioning In Late Adolescence And Emerging Adulthood, Jinhong Guo

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Parental emotion socialization has been associated with youth emotional development. However, less is known about the influences of emotion socialization on emotional functioning in late adolescence and emerging adulthood. The first manuscript examined the factor structure of The Emotions as a Child Scale (EAC) in late adolescence and emerging adulthood and evaluates its measurement invariance across gender and ethnicity. The results showed that parental responses to children’s negative emotions could be categorized into supportive and unsupportive responses and the EAC demonstrated stronger measurement invariance across gender than ethnic groups. The second manuscript examined coping strategies as mediators of the relationship …

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Genome-Wide Transcription And Dna Methylation Profiling In An App Mouse Model Of Alzheimer’S Disease, Mikael C. Guzman Karlsson Jan 2016

Genome-Wide Transcription And Dna Methylation Profiling In An App Mouse Model Of Alzheimer’S Disease, Mikael C. Guzman Karlsson

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The ability to encode information for long-term behavioral adaptation relies on experience-dependent alterations in neuronal plasticity. Neuronal plasticity encompasses the cellular and molecular changes that modulate synaptic communication between neurons as well as intrinsic electrophysiological properties within neurons. Epigenetic mechanisms, including DNA cytosine methylation and histone post-translational modifications, are powerful regulators of neuronal gene expression, allowing for dynamic, bidirectional regulation of transcriptional signatures necessary for neuronal plasticity. Emerging evidence using candidate-gene and microarray-based approaches suggest that the deficits in neuronal plasticity and cognitive impairment observed in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is attributable, in part, to aberrant cytosine methylation and transcription of …

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Increasing Accuracy Of Dietary Assessments By Regular-Shape Recognition And Photogrammetry, Ihsan K. Hakima Jan 2016

Increasing Accuracy Of Dietary Assessments By Regular-Shape Recognition And Photogrammetry, Ihsan K. Hakima

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There is interest in determining the amount of food consumed during dietary studies using technology. Interviews of patients and/or participants can result in inaccuracies in reported food intake. Using food journals or diaries can be more accurate, but depends on participants' motivation to record food intake during meals. Technology can make it easier to record food intake. Previous work utilizing technology has included using single images and a virtual model for food estimation, projecting a circular light on the image to use as a reference, and using a device with a laser to determine distance. Another method uses a wearable …

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Context-Enhanced Mobile Device Authorization And Authentication, Babins Shrestha Jan 2016

Context-Enhanced Mobile Device Authorization And Authentication, Babins Shrestha

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Mobile devices (e.g., smartphones and tablets) are pervasive today, continuously opening up immense opportunities for everyday users. Their burgeoning popularity, however, brings forth various security and privacy threats. One well-established threat is of mobile malware (a form of insider attack) - malicious apps that may surreptitiously misuse the sensitive resources and services available on the device. Other threats relate to unauthorized access of the device (outsider attacks) by a malicious entity in close physical proximity to the device, or having (temporary or permanent) physical possession of the device. The traditional defensive mechanisms, such as existing anti-virus software, distance-bounding protocols or …

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